Journal ArticleDOI
The nature and determinants of adjunctive behavior
TLDR
The similarities among the various behaviors induced as adjuncts to the behaviors under direct schedule control are described in terms of their intensities, temporal loci, and the variables which produce them.About:
This article is published in Physiology & Behavior.The article was published on 1971-05-01. It has received 794 citations till now.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Stereotypies: a critical review.
TL;DR: Stereotypies are repetitive, invariant behaviour patterns with no obvious goal or function as discussed by the authors, and they seem to be restricted to captive animals, mentally ill or handicapped humans, and subjects given stimulant drugs.
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The "supersitition" experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior.
TL;DR: The proposed theoretical scheme represents a shift away from hypothetical "laws of learning" toward an interpretation of behavioral change in terms of interaction and competition among tendencies to action according to principles evolved in phylogeny.
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Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits.
TL;DR: Along with prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, nucleus accumbens is a component of the brain circuitry regulating effort-related functions and may have implications for understanding drug abuse, as well as energy-related disorders such as psychomotor slowing, fatigue, or anergia in depression.
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How adaptive behavior is produced: a perceptual-motivational alternative to response reinforcements
TL;DR: By suggesting that the animal learns the overlapping and nested correlations between the stimulus events that commonly occur in a given situation, and by separating what is learned from the processes of response production, the proposed perceptual-motivational framework seems capable of dealing with the problems of motor equivalence and flexibility in adaptive behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of dopamine in the behavioural actions of nicotine related to addiction
TL;DR: In vivo monitoring studies show that nicotine stimulates dopamine transmission in specific brain areas and in particular, in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and in areas of the extended amygdala, suggesting that nicotine depends on dopamine for those behavioural effects that are most relevant for its reinforcing properties and are likely to be the basis of the abuse liability of tobacco smoke.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the law of effect
TL;DR: Experiments on single, multiple, and concurrent schedules of reinforcement find various correlations between the rate of responding and the rate or magnitude of reinforcement, which can be accounted for by a coherent system of equations.
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Production of Polydipsia in Normal Rats by an Intermittent Food Schedule
TL;DR: Marked polydipsia was produced in all animals trained to press a bar for food pellets on a 1-minute variableinterval schedule and it is suggested that since this feeding arrangement produces a sustained, high fluid intake in the normal, unrestrained animal, it might serve as a useful tool in the study of renal function.
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"Derived" Activities; Their Causation, Biological Significance, Origin, and Emancipation During Evolution
TL;DR: An attempt at an explanation of certain types of behavior, many of them elements of threat, courtship, or other types of display, the origin of which has long been obscure, but is now gradually becoming known, based on knowledge of the nature of innate behavior.
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The Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Behavior
TL;DR: The mere fact that behavior is adaptive does not indicate whether phylogenic or ontogenic processes have been responsible for it, and a more specific analysis is needed if to deal effectively with the two kinds of contingencies and their products.
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Extinction-induced aggression.
TL;DR: The results indicated that the transition from food reinforcement to extinction was an aversive event that produced aggression.