Showing papers in "European Journal of Pharmacology in 2000"

TL;DR: In vivo monitoring studies show that nicotine stimulates dopamine transmission in specific brain areas and in particular, in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and in areas of the extended amygdala, suggesting that nicotine depends on dopamine for those behavioural effects that are most relevant for its reinforcing properties and are likely to be the basis of the abuse liability of tobacco smoke.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the nociceptive activity of zymosan and acetic acid in the writhing model is due to the release of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta and interleucin 8 by resident peritoneal macrophages and mast cells.

TL;DR: The results suggest that cannabinoid CB(2) receptor-specific ligands may be clinically useful in the modulation of macrophage immune function while exhibiting no central nervous system activity.

TL;DR: New insights into the biochemistry of the dopamine D(4) receptor include the discovery that this G protein-coupled receptor can directly interact with SH3 domains and converging evidence from transgenic mouse work and human genetic studies suggests that this receptor has a role in exploratory behavior and as a genetic susceptibility factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the increased release of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus, amygdala and locus coeruleus is, in part, involved in the provocation of anxiety and/or fear in animals exposed to stress, and that the attenuation of this increase by benzodiazepine anxiolytics acting via the benzidiazepine receptor/GABAA receptor/chloride ionophore supramolecular complex may be the basic mechanism of action of these anxIOlytic

TL;DR: It is concluded that the potentiation of dopaminergic neurotransmission induced by chronic antidepressant treatments might contribute to their therapeutic effect.

TL;DR: The results suggest that cynaropicrin may participate in the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and the proliferation of lymphocytes and its inhibitory effect is mediated through conjugation with sulphydryl groups of target protein(s).

TL;DR: The critical and manifold roles of the serotonin system, the great abundance of targets within the system, and the wide range of serotonergic agents-available and in development-and the promising preliminary results suggest that the serotonin System offers a particularly rich area for pharmacogenetic research.

TL;DR: The chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin causes a sensory-motor neuropathy with predominantly hyperpathic symptoms and the mechanism underlying this hyperexcitability was investigated using rat sensory nerve preparations, dorsal root ganglia and hippocampal neurons, suggesting an interaction with voltage-gated Na(+) channels.

TL;DR: In conclusion, AM404 activates native and cloned vanilloid receptors and causes vasodilation in rat isolated hepatic artery contracted with phenylephrine.

TL;DR: This paper focuses on the psychobiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and illustrates several processes that influence the response of the HPA axis.

TL;DR: The results suggest that N. sativa oil and thymoquinone produce antinociceptive effects through indirect activation of the supraspinal mu(1)- and kappa-opioid receptor subtypes.

TL;DR: In vivo recombinant human erythropoietin effects on brain ischemic injury could be due to inhibition of NO overproduction, as indicated by reduction in nitrite and nitrate in the hippocampus, as observed after ischemia.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with dopamine release mediated by beta2- containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopamine terminals, while non-beta2-containing nicotinIC acetyl choline receptors may enhance dopamine release indirectly by releasing glutamate from neighbouring terminals.

TL;DR: In conjunction with previously reported effects of antidepressants, these results have initiated a new concept on the cause of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis disturbances often seen in stress-related psychiatric disorders such as major depression.

TL;DR: The fact that low dose anandamide improved food intake, cognitive function and reversed some of the neurotransmitter changes caused by diet restriction, might have implications for the treatment of cachexia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), for mood changes sometimes associated with dieting, and in the extreme case, of patients with anorexia.

TL;DR: A novel class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands which, similar to the action of benzodiazepines on GABA(A) receptors, allosterically potentiate submaximal Nicotinic responses are described, which could have a preventive and corrective action on impaired but still functioningNicotinic neurotransmission.

TL;DR: Valine-pyrrolidide improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance through indirect action, probably through augmentation of levels of GLP-1 and other incretin hormones, therefore, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity is feasible to exploit as a treatment for glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: This review will describe recent ex vivo studies investigating the rapid and differential affects of several stimulants on both plasmalemmal and vesicular monoamine transporter function.

TL;DR: Findings indicate an early involvement of the alpha4 subunit in beta-amyloidosis but not in nigro-striatal dopaminergic degeneration, which is associated with changes in age-related disorders including Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: A triphasic effect was observed: low doses of the cannabinoid receptor agonist Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol decreased locomotor activity while higher doses dose-dependently stimulated movement until catalepsy emerged (2.5 mg/kg) accompanied by decreases in activity.

TL;DR: The results suggest that behavioral sensitization might result from reciprocal changes in the response of nucleus accumbens dopamine in the shell and in the core to drug challenge.

TL;DR: The discovery of nuclear corticosterone receptors in the limbic brain that mediate control over neuronal circuits underlying hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal activity and behavioural adaptation and their implication in behaviour was examined.

TL;DR: The results of these studies suggest the presence of abnormal expression and function of the neuronal nicotinic receptor gene family in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: It is found in lesion and local infusion studies with rats that the hippocampus is an important substrate for nicotinic effects on working memory function and both alpha7 and alpha4beta2 Nicotinic receptors in the hippocampus are involved.

TL;DR: Behavioral sensitization to nicotine was associated with a reduced response of dopamine transmission in the shell and with an increased one in the core of nucleus accumbens.

TL;DR: Strong evidence for dopamine transporter domains selectively influencing binding of dopamine or cocaine analogs has not yet emerged, although the development of a cocaine antagonist at the level of the transporter remains a possibility.

TL;DR: Insight into the pharmacogenetics of dopamine receptors may require not just more studies, but novel approaches to the study of complex genetic traits and diseases.

TL;DR: Based on the insights gained from the reports summarized in this review article, population-based genetic studies of nuclear families are currently being conducted in Belgium and in the People's Republic of China with blood pressure and hypertension as the main outcome variables.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided supporting the hypothesis that endogenous cannabinoid systems play a role in memory processes byificantly fewer errors were committed during the test phase following an injection of SR 141716A than the vehicle treatment.