Journal ArticleDOI
The persistence of loneliness: Self and other determinants.
TLDR
In this paper, four studies examined correlates of loneliness in order to explore explanations for the persistence of loneliness among college students, including self-report and attitude scales, ratings of others following dyadic interactions, and self and other ratings at two points during an extended period of group interactions.Abstract:
Four studies (total n= 469) examined correlates of loneliness in order to explore explanations for the persistence of loneliness among college students. Self-report and attitude scales, ratings of others following dyadic interactions, and self and other ratings at two points during an extended period of group interactions indicated that lonely students (a) rated themselves more negatively and reported deficits in social skills and self-concept, (b) rated specific others and people-in-general more negatively and were more alienated and externalized, (c) expected others to rate them negatively, but (d) in general were not differentially rated by others except in the initial phase of group interactions and by lonely others following dyadic interactions. Results suggested that loneliness may be perpetuated by its cognitive and affective concomitants, with some evidence for gender differences, whereas inconclusive evidence was found regarding responses of others to the lonely person.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and Discriminant Validity Evidence
TL;DR: The authors presented a revised version of the self-report UCLA Loneliness Scale, designed to counter the possible effects of response bias in the original scale, and reported concurrent validity evidence for the revised measure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review.
Judith H. Langlois,Lisa Kalakanis,Adam J. Rubenstein,Andrea Larson,Monica Hallam,Monica Smoot +5 more
TL;DR: Eleven meta-analyses evaluate social and fitness-related evolutionary theories and the veracity of maxims about beauty to demonstrate that raters agree about who is and is not attractive, both within and across cultures.
Book ChapterDOI
The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory
Mark R. Leary,Roy F. Baumeister +1 more
TL;DR: Self-esteem is a sociometer, essentially an internal monitor of the degree to which one is valued or devalued as a relational partner as mentioned in this paper, and is defined as a person's appraisal of his or her value.
Journal ArticleDOI
The clinical significance of loneliness: a literature review.
TL;DR: This review focuses on loneliness as a crucial marker of social relationship deficits and contends that loneliness should command clinicians' attention in its own right--not just as an adjunct to the treatment of other problems such as depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness:
TL;DR: An integrative meta-analysis of loneliness reduction interventions was conducted to quantify the effects of each strategy and to examine the potential role of moderator variables, and revealed that single-group pre-post and nonrandomized comparison studies yielded larger mean effect sizes relative to randomized comparison studies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social Behavior as Exchange
TL;DR: To consider social behavior as an exchange of goods may clarify the relations among four bodies of theory; behavioral psychology, economics, propositions about the dynamics of influence, and propositions about structure of small groups as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
TL;DR: Buss and Scheier as mentioned in this paper constructed a scale to assess individual differences in self-consciou sness and found that self-consciousness has three components: public, private, and social anxiety.
Journal ArticleDOI
Developing a measure of loneliness.
TL;DR: The development of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, a short, 20-item general measure of loneliness is reported, which has high internal consistency and a test-retest correlation over a two-month period of .73.