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The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology
TLDR
The idea of the reflex arc has upon the whole come nearer to meeting this demand for a general working hypothesis than any other single concept as mentioned in this paper. But it is the very cumulation of discrete facts creating the demand for unification that also breaks down previous lines of classification.Abstract:
That the greater demand for a unifying principle and controlling working hypothesis in psychology should come at just the time when all generalizations and classifications are most questioned and questionable is natural enough. It is the very cumulation of discrete facts creating the demand for unification that also breaks down previous lines of classification. The material is too great in mass and too varied in style to fit into existing pigeonholes , and the cabinets of science break of their own dead weight. The idea of the reflex arc has upon the whole come nearer to meeting this demand for a general working hypothesis than any other single concept. It being admitted that the sensori-motor apparatus represents both the unit of nerve structure and the type of nerve function, the image of this relationship passed over into psychology, and became an organizing principle to hold together the multiplicity of fact. In criticising this conception it is not intended to make a plea for the principles of explanation and classification which the reflex arc idea has replaced; but, on the contrary, to urge that they are not sufficiently displaced, and that in the idea of the sensori-motor circuit, conceptions of the nature of sensation and of action derived from the nominally displaced psychology are still in control. The older dualism between sensation and idea is repeated in the current dualism of peripheral and central structures and functions; the older dualism of body and soul finds a distinctread more
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What Do New Views of Knowledge and Thinking Have to Say About Research on Teacher Learning
Ralph T. Putnam,Hilda Borko +1 more
TL;DR: The authors argue that the shifts in world view that these discussions represent are even more fundamental than the now-historical shift from behaviorist to cognitive views of learning (Shuell, 1986).
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The Theory of Event Coding (TEC): a framework for perception and action planning.
TL;DR: A new framework for a more adequate theoretical treatment of perception and action planning is proposed, in which perceptual contents and action plans are coded in a common representational medium by feature codes with distal reference, showing that the main assumptions are well supported by the data.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Gamification. using game-design elements in non-gaming contexts
TL;DR: This workshop brings together practitioners and researchers to develop a shared understanding of existing approaches and findings around the gamification of information systems, and identify key synergies, opportunities, and questions for future research.
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Theories of Learning
TL;DR: The Nature of Learning Theory and Recent Developments in Cognitive Theories are presented.