Journal ArticleDOI
The scope for a system-based approach to determine fine sediment targets for chalk streams
Beth Mondon,David Sear,Adrian L. Collins,Adrian L. Collins,Peter J. Shaw,Tim Sykes,Tim Sykes +6 more
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In this paper, the authors review the characteristic processes and dynamics of chalk streams and how these influence fine sediment accumulation and discuss the application of fine sediment targets for chalk streams in relation to the implementation of both source and process-based techniques.Abstract:
Fine sediment has a critical role in river ecosystems and is essential for habitat heterogeneity, ecosystem structure and function. Expansion and intensification of specific land uses, including agriculture, have increased fine sediment inputs into river networks. The detrimental impacts of excessive fine sediment on river ecosystems have been well documented and numerous sediment targets have been proposed or adopted to assess the gap between target and current levels of fine sediment. Where sediment targets exist, these are often over-simplified and applied across a wide range of river environments irrespective of the processes of fine sediment deposition and the tolerance or sensitivity of river biota to fine sediment. Thus, targets often fail to provide a reliable basis for identifying the need for management interventions to restore ecosystem health. This review adopts a system-based approach to the impacts of fine sediment after reviewing the suitability of existing targets for guiding management in chalk stream catchments specifically. Chalk streams are groundwater-dominated systems characterised by stable hydrological, ecological and thermal regimes and thus respond differently to excessive fine sediment compared with other fluvial systems. Chalk streams are often subject to high levels of sedimentation and siltation despite their low suspended sediment loads. In this paper, we review the characteristic processes and dynamics of chalk streams and how these influence fine sediment accumulation. The impacts of excessive fine sediment on chalk stream habitats and biota and the role ecosystem engineers play in the processes of fine sediment dynamics are discussed. Finally, we discuss the application of fine sediment targets for chalk streams in relation to the implementation of both source and process-based techniques for meeting the requirement for improved ecosystem management.read more
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Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and Their Contributions to Ecosystem Services
TL;DR: The Ephemeroptera, or mayflies, are a small but diverse order of amphinotic insects associated with liquid freshwater worldwide. as discussed by the authors provides direct and indirect services to humans and other parts of both freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of plants on fine sediment storage within the active channels of gravel‐bed rivers: A preliminary assessment
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of aquatic and riparian vegetation in driving morphodynamics of rivers is recognized across all river types, and the ability of vegetation to influence morphodynamics depends upon the retention and stabilization of predominantly sand and finer sediments to build landforms within the active channel.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nature‐based solutions enhance sediment and nutrient storage in an agricultural lowland catchment
J.W. Robotham,Gareth H. Old,Ponnambalam Rameshwaran,David Sear,Emily Trill,James T. Bishop,D.L. Gasca-Tucker,Joanne Old,David McKnight +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the ability of nature-based solutions to trap pollutants in run-off within two small (3.4 km2) agricultural catchments (Upper Thames, UK) was assessed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic Model and Numerical Simulation of Maximum Turbidity Zone Formation in River Inlet
TL;DR: In this paper, the RSM (Reynolds stress model) turbulence model and the PID (proportional integral derivative) algorithm are successfully used to simulate the dynamic model and for the numerical simulation of the formation of turbidity maximum zone in the estuary, which provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up of the similar research studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of heavy metals in the fine sediments from a subtropical forest headwater stream during a rainy season
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors assessed the temporal and spatial storage dynamics of several common heavy metals (i.e., Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in the fine sediments from a typical subtropical forest headwater stream during the rainy season of 2021 (Mar-Aug).
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Book ChapterDOI
Organisms as ecosystem engineers
TL;DR: The role that many organisms play in the creation, modification and maintenance of habitats does not involve direct trophic interactions between species, but they are nevertheless important and common.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological Effects of Fine Sediment in the Lotic Environment
Paul J. Wood,Patrick D. Armitage +1 more
TL;DR: A holistic approach to the problems associated with finesediment is outlined to aid in the identification of sediment sources, transport, and deposition processes in the river catchment, and the multiple causes and deleterious impacts associated with fine sediments on riverinehabitats, primary producers, macroinvertebrates, and fisheries are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater
Matthias Brunke,Tom Gonser +1 more
TL;DR: The hyporheic corridor concept emphasizes connectivity and interactions between subterranean and surface flow on an ecosystem level for floodplain rivers as mentioned in this paper, which is a complementary concept to others which focus on surficial processes in the lateral and longitudinal dimensions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota
Gary Bilotta,Richard E. Brazier +1 more
TL;DR: This review suggests that high-resolution turbidity monitoring should be supplemented with direct, measurements of SS, and SS should also be characterised in terms of their particle-size distribution and chemical composition, to improve the understanding of the effects of SS on aquatic organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Threats to the running water ecosystems of the world
Björn Malmqvist,Simon D. Rundle +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed long-term trends in the factors that currently impact running waters with the aim of predicting what the main threats to rivers will be in the year 2025, and concluded that the overriding pressure on running water ecosystems up to 2025 will stem from the predicted increase in the human population, with concomitant increases in urban development, industry, agricultural activities and water abstraction, diversion and damming.