Journal ArticleDOI
The sparteine/debrisoquine (CYP2D6) oxidation polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer: A meta- analysis
TLDR
No association was found between the CYP2D6 oxidation polymorphism and lung cancer risk when sample size bias was taken into account.Abstract:
To examine the association between the sparteine/debrisoquine (CYP2D6) oxidation polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer. Meta-analysis of case-control studies using a random effects model. The “Main outcome measure” was the odds ratio for the risk of lung cancer, using extensive metabolisers as the reference group. Thirteen studies were identified. The studies were too heterogeneous to be pooled the size of the odds ratio increased with the sample size. When the analysis was restricted to the largest studies, there was no difference in risk between poor and extensive metabolisers (odds ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.68–1.33). No association was found between the CYP2D6 oxidation polymorphism and lung cancer risk when sample size bias was taken into account.read more
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Cytochrome P450 and Chemical Toxicology
TL;DR: Crystal structures of several of the major human P450s are now in hand, and unresolved problems include the characterization of the minor "orphan" P 450s, ligand cooperativity and kinetic complexity of several P450S, the prediction of metabolism, the overall contribution of bioactivation to drug idiosyncratic problems, the extrapolation of animal test results to humans in drug development, and the contribution of genetic variation in human P550s to cancer incidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cytochrome P450 2D6: overview and update on pharmacology, genetics, biochemistry
TL;DR: The intricate genetics of the CYP2D6 polymorphism is becoming apparent at ever greater detail, applications in clinical practice are still rare, and more clinical studies are needed to show where patients benefit from drug dose adjustment based on their genotype.
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Genetic Polymorphism of CYP Genes, Alone or in Combination, as a Risk Modifier of Tobacco-related Cancers
TL;DR: The overall effects of common CYP polymorphisms were found to be moderate in terms of penetrance and relative risk, with odds ratios ranging from 2 to 10.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: Looking to the Future
TL;DR: Evaluation of recent US patterns in smoking prevalence indicates that for the next approximately 10 to 15 years, lung cancer rates will decrease, but will then level off starting in approximately 2030, unless further reductions in the prevalence of cigarette smoking are achieved over the next decade.
References
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Meta-Analysis in Clinical Trials*
TL;DR: This paper examines eight published reviews each reporting results from several related trials in order to evaluate the efficacy of a certain treatment for a specified medical condition and suggests a simple noniterative procedure for characterizing the distribution of treatment effects in a series of studies.
Book
Cancer Incidence in Five Continents
Freddie Bray,J. Ferlay,Mathieu Laversanne,David H. Brewster,C. Gombe Mbalawa,B. Kohler,Marion Piñeros,Eva Steliarova-Foucher,Rajaraman Swaminathan,Sebastien Antoni,Isabelle Soerjomataram,David Forman +11 more
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to establish a database of histological groups and to provide a level of consistency and quality of data that could be applied in the design of future registries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors
TL;DR: In this article, the British Medical Association forwarded to all British doctors a questionnaire about their smoking habits, and 34440 men replied, with few exceptions, all men who replied in 1951 have been followed for 20 years.
Book
The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today
Richard Doll,Richard Peto +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence that the various common types of cancer are largely avoidable diseases is reviewed, and it is suggested that, apart from cancer of the respiratory tract, the types of cancers that are currently common are not peculiarly modern diseases and are likely to depend chiefly on some long-established factor.
Journal ArticleDOI
The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Margaret A. Fischl,Douglas D. Richman,M. H. Grieco,M. S. Gottlieb,Paul A. Volberding,Oscar L. Laskin,John M. Leedom,Jerome E. Groopman,Donna Mildvan,Robert T. Schooley +9 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that AZT administration can decrease mortality and the frequency of opportunistic infections in a selected group of subjects with AIDS or AIDS-related complex, at least over the 8 to 24 weeks of observation in this study.