Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of Edge Detection
David Marr,Ellen C. Hildreth +1 more
TLDR
The theory of edge detection explains several basic psychophysical findings, and the operation of forming oriented zero-crossing segments from the output of centre-surround ∇2G filters acting on the image forms the basis for a physiological model of simple cells.Abstract:
A theory of edge detection is presented. The analysis proceeds in two parts. (1) Intensity changes, which occur in a natural image over a wide range of scales, are detected separately at different scales. An appropriate filter for this purpose at a given scale is found to be the second derivative of a Gaussian, and it is shown that, provided some simple conditions are satisfied, these primary filters need not be orientation-dependent. Thus, intensity changes at a given scale are best detected by finding the zero values of delta 2G(x,y)*I(x,y) for image I, where G(x,y) is a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution and delta 2 is the Laplacian. The intensity changes thus discovered in each of the channels are then represented by oriented primitives called zero-crossing segments, and evidence is given that this representation is complete. (2) Intensity changes in images arise from surface discontinuities or from reflectance or illumination boundaries, and these all have the property that they are spatially. Because of this, the zero-crossing segments from the different channels are not independent, and rules are deduced for combining them into a description of the image. This description is called the raw primal sketch. The theory explains several basic psychophysical findings, and the operation of forming oriented zero-crossing segments from the output of centre-surround delta 2G filters acting on the image forms the basis for a physiological model of simple cells (see Marr & Ullman 1979).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Monocular depth perception from optical flow by space time signal processing
B. F. Buxton,Hilary Buxton +1 more
TL;DR: A theory of monocular depth determination is presented and it is shown how these zero-crossings may be used to infer the depth of an object when the observer and object are in relative motion and the cross-over effect enables the depth to be obtained immediately.
Journal ArticleDOI
A perceptually motivated three-component image model-part II: applications to image compression
X. Ran,Nariman Farvardin +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown via simulations that the proposed schemes, which can be thought of as a hybrid of waveform coding and feature-based coding techniques, result in both subjective and objective performance improvements over several other image coding schemes and, in particular, over the JPEG continuous-tone image compression standard.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multifeature-Based Surround Inhibition Improves Contour Detection in Natural Images
TL;DR: A biologically motivated model is proposed, in which the surround inhibition weights of individual features, including orientation, luminance, and luminance contrast, are combined according to a scale-guided strategy, and the combined weights are used to modulate the final surround inhibition of the neurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Display clutter: a review of definitions and measurement techniques
TL;DR: The literature on display clutter is synthesized by reviewing definitions and measurement techniques and to develop a comprehensive, ergonomics-oriented perspective on clutter to help select the various aspects and effects of clutter on visual search in particular.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anthropomorphic Image Reconstruction via Hypoelliptic Diffusion
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study a model of geometry of vision due to Petitot, Citti, and Sarti, where the primary visual cortex V1 lifts an image from a corrupted image to the bundle of directions of the plane, and then the corrupted image is reconstructed by minimizing the energy necessary for activation of the orientation columns corresponding to regions in which the image is corrupted.
References
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Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex
David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
TL;DR: This method is used to examine receptive fields of a more complex type and to make additional observations on binocular interaction and this approach is necessary in order to understand the behaviour of individual cells, but it fails to deal with the problem of the relationship of one cell to its neighbours.
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David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
TL;DR: The striate cortex was studied in lightly anaesthetized macaque and spider monkeys by recording extracellularly from single units and stimulating the retinas with spots or patterns of light, with response properties very similar to those previously described in the cat.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a broad overview of Fourier Transform and its relation with the FFT and the Hartley Transform, as well as the Laplace Transform and the Laplacian Transform.
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Azriel Rosenfeld,Avinash C. Kak +1 more
TL;DR: The rapid rate at which the field of digital picture processing has grown in the past five years had necessitated extensive revisions and the introduction of topics not found in the original edition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings
F. W. Campbell,John G. Robson +1 more
TL;DR: The contrast thresholds of a variety of grating patterns have been measured over a wide range of spatial frequencies and the results show clear patterns of uniformity in the response to grating noise.