Journal ArticleDOI
Tigers eating tigers: evidence of intraguild predation operating in an assemblage of tiger beetles.
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TLDR
Co‐occurrence of closely related predators in a prey‐limited habitat appears to contradict the principle of competitive exclusion, however it may be explained through indirect effects, niche shifts, and intraguild predation.Abstract:
Summary
1. Co-occurrence of closely related predators in a prey-limited habitat appears to contradict the principle of competitive exclusion, however it may be explained through indirect effects, niche shifts, and intraguild predation.
2. The interactions between sympatric tiger beetle Cicindela species were examined. Cicindela circumpicta is the largest of three species (C. circumpicta, C. togata, C. fulgida) found in saline habitats throughout central North America. The temporal occurrence of these species overlaps, as does their spatial occurrence on exposed salt flats of saline marshes. During field observations, exoskeletal remains of C. togata were found at the study site in Nebraska, U.S.A.
3. In laboratory trials, male C. circumpicta ate C. togata in 38% of trials and female C. circumpicta ate C. togata in 50% of trials (n = 24).
4. In the field, potential prey, consisting mainly of small flies, was found mostly in shaded conditions but tiger beetles differed significantly in shade use, with C. circumpicta spending 70% of the time in the shade compared with ≈ 20% for C. togata. Differential habitat use was not explained by maximum temperature tolerances, which did not differ between the species.
5. Laboratory trials established that both tiger beetle species consumed small prey (apterous Drosophila) but C. togata was more efficient at capturing winged Drosophila.
6. Foraging efficiency, as measured by the time taken for a C. togata to capture three prey items, decreased significantly in the presence of other tiger beetles, especially C. circumpicta.
7. These results are an indication that intraguild predation and induced changes in foraging behaviour operate in the ecology of adult tiger beetles.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
DNA‐based identification of preys from non‐destructive, total DNA extractions of predators using arthropod universal primers
TL;DR: Results suggest that stored DNA samples extracted from whole predatory specimens could be an alternative to dissected gut contents as starting source for DNA-based dietary studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of learning in risk-avoidance strategies during spider-ant interactions.
TL;DR: Behavioural tests in natural field conditions showed that after a single confrontation with ant biting, spiders were able to discriminate this kind of prey more quickly from a defenceless prey (fruit flies) and to selectively and completely suppress their catching response.
Journal ArticleDOI
RNAi knockdown of acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene eliminates jinggangmycin-enhanced reproduction and population growth in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Yi-Xin Zhang,Lin-Quan Ge,Yi-Ping Jiang,Xiu-Li Lu,Xin Li,David Stanley,Qisheng Song,Jin-Cai Wu +7 more
TL;DR: RNAi silencing of Acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC), highly expressed in JGM-treated BPH, reduced ACC expression (by > 60%) and eliminated J GM-induced fecundity increases in BPH support the hypothesis that differences in ACC expression separates intraguild species at the molecular level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral niche partitioning in a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage and implications for the endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle
TL;DR: Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diurnal tiger beetles (Coleoptera Cicindelidae) capture prey without sight
TL;DR: Results show that other modalities can be used by tiger beetles during prey capture, and suggest the need to test underlying assumptions of even well-studied organisms.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus
Steven L. Lima,Lawrence M. Dill +1 more
TL;DR: This work has shown that predation is a major selective force in the evolution of several morphological and behavioral characteristics of animals and the importance of predation during evolutionary time has been underestimated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resource Partitioning in Ecological Communities
TL;DR: To conclude with a list of questions appropriate for studies of resource partitioning, questions this article has related to the theory in a preliminary way.
Journal ArticleDOI
THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION: Potential Competitors That Eat Each Other
TL;DR: The purpose is to document the ubiquity and importance of intraguild predation and to establish a theoretical framework for its analysis, which is the first synthesis of IGP into a general work.
Journal ArticleDOI
The nature and consequences of indirect effects in ecological communities
TL;DR: Indirect effects occur when the impact of one species on another requires the presence of a third species and can arise in two general ways: through linked chains of direct interactions, and when a species changes the interactions among species.
Journal ArticleDOI
A theoretical framework for intraguild predation
Robert D. Holt,Gary A. Polis +1 more
TL;DR: The consequences of incorporating IGP into standard models of exploitative competition and food chains (a general resource-consumer model, a Lotka-Volterra food chain model, and Schoener's exploitative Competition model) are explored and a general criterion for coexistence in IGP systems is suggested.