Journal ArticleDOI
Transport of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Porous Media: Role of Straining and Physicochemical Filtration
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TLDR
The results of this study indicate that irregularity of sand grain shape contributes considerably to the straining potential of the porous medium, and both straining and physicochemical filtration are expected to control the removal of C. parvum oocysts in settings typical of riverbank filTration, soil infiltration, and slow sand filtrations.Abstract:
The transport and filtration behavior of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in columns packed with quartz sand was systematically examined under repulsive electrostatic conditions. An increase in solution ionic strength resulted in greater oocyst deposition rates despite theoretical predictions of a significant electrostatic energy barrier to deposition. Relatively high deposition rates obtained with both oocysts and polystyrene latex particles of comparable size at low ionic strength (1 mM) suggest that a physical mechanism may play a key role in oocyst removal. Supporting experiments conducted with latex particles of varying sizes, under very low ionic strength conditions where physicochemical filtration is negligible, clearly indicated that physical straining is an important capture mechanism. The results of this study indicate that irregularity of sand grain shape (verified by SEM imaging) contributes considerably to the straining potential of the porous medium. Hence, both straining and physicochemical filtration are expected to control the removal of C. parvum oocysts in settings typical of riverbank filtration, soil infiltration, and slow sand filtration. Because classic colloid filtration theory does not account for removal by straining, these observations have important implications with respect to predictions of oocyst transport.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling nanomaterial fate and uptake in the environment: current knowledge and future trends
Mohammed Baalousha,Geert Cornelis,Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch,Iseult Lynch,C. Nickel,Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg,N.W. van den Brink +6 more
TL;DR: The state-of-the-art of the available models that can be applied/adapted to quantify/predict NM fate and uptake in aquatic and terrestrial systems are critically reviewed and recommendations regarding future directions for model development are made.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum in porous media: Long‐term elution experiments and continuous time random walk filtration modeling
Andrea Cortis,Andrea Cortis,Thomas Harter,Lingling Hou,E. Robert Atwill,Aaron I. Packman,Peter G. Green +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new filtration model based on the continuous time random walk (CTRW) theory was proposed for C. parvum in medium sand for a few thousand pore volumes after the initial source of oocysts was removed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transport behavior of selected nanoparticles with different surface coatings in granular porous media coated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.
TL;DR: Electrokinetic characterization of the clean and coated sand surfaces reveals that the extent of particle retention is not controlled by electrical double layer interactions, and shows that EPS coatings are not necessarily good surrogates for biofilm-coated sand.
Journal ArticleDOI
Irrigation water issues potentially related to the 2006 multistate E. coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with spinach
TL;DR: A multistate Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in August and September 2006 was found to be associated with consumption of fresh bagged spinach traced to California.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colloid straining within saturated heterogeneous porous media.
Alexis A. Porubcan,Shangping Xu +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, Xu et al. investigated column transport experiments of 0.46 μm, 2.94 μm and 6.06 μm latex particles in heterogeneous porous media.
References
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Book
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Mutual coagulation of colloidal dispersions
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantitative theory is presented which describes the kinetics of coagulation of colloidal systems containing more than one dispersed species, using the linear (Debye-Huckel) approximation for low surface potentials.