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Journal ArticleDOI

Using geovisualization to assess lead sediment contamination in Lake St. Clair

TLDR
The results of combining this analytical method with a three-dimensional representation appear to show that Lake St. Clair generally has lower levels of sediment contamination away from the main flow and circulation patterns leading to its Detroit River outlet as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract
Many communities depend on Lake St. Clair for drinking water and recreational uses. In addition, it is an important transport route for natural resources and manufactured products. The St. Clair River, which flows into the lake from the northeast, is a major source of sediment. The upstream area is known as “chemical valley” due to a large amount of industrial activity located along the river. Sediment sampling surveys were conducted in 1970, 1974, and 2001 by Environment Canada as part of a continuing monitoring program. Two approaches to the representation, analysis, and visualization of lead contamination were used: a two-dimensional Geographic Information System-based approach using kriging and a three-dimensional approach that utilized the interpolated kriging surfaces overlaid on bathymetry data. The results of combining this analytical method with a three-dimensional representation appear to show that Lake St. Clair generally has lower levels of sediment contamination away from the main flow and circulation patterns leading to its Detroit River outlet. Lead levels declined below the threshold effect level in 2001 compared with the higher concentrations seen in 1970 and 1974. In addition, lake-wide spatial distributions are better visualized using the kriging spatial interpolation results when they are overlaid on the bathymetry data. L'emploi d'outils de geovisualisation pour evaluer la contamination par le plomb des sediments dans le lac Sainte-Claire De nombreuses communautes utilisent les eaux du lac Sainte-Claire a des fins d'approvisionnement (eau potable) et recreatives. De meme, il sert d'axe principal pour le transport des ressources naturelles et des produits transformes. La riviere Sainte-Claire, qui se jette dans le lac depuis le nord-est, deverse d'importantes quantites de sediments. La zone situee en amont abonde de produits chimiques en raison des nombreuses activites industrielles en operation de part et d'autre de la riviere. Des echantillons de sediments ont ete preleves par Environnement Canada en 1970, 1974 et 2001 dans le cadre d'un programme de surveillance continue. Deux demarches ont ete mises en œuvre en vue de representer, analyser et visualiser la contamination par le plomb : une premiere s'appuie sur un systeme d'information geographique a deux dimensions utilisant une modelisation par krigeage, et une seconde a trois dimensions utilisant les surfaces d'interpolation obtenue par krigeage superposees aux donnees bathymetriques. Cette methode d'analyse conjuguee avec une representation en trois dimensions permet d'observer une diminution generale du degre de contamination sedimentaire du lac Sainte-Claire en retrait du courant du chenal principal menant a la decharge de la riviere Detroit. En 2001, les concentrations de plomb ont baisse au-dessous du niveau de l'effet de seuil par rapport aux valeurs plus elevees observees en 1970 et 1974. En outre, une meilleure visualisation des repartitions spatiales du plan d'eau est obtenue grâce aux resultats tires de l'interpolation spatiale par krigeage lorsque ceux-ci sont superposes aux donnees bathymetriques.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Geovisualization of Mercury Contamination in Lake St. Clair Sediments

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the geovisualization of total mercury pollution from sediment samples that were collected in 1970, 1974 and 2001, and assess contamination patterns, dot maps were created and compared with surfaces that were generated using the kriging spatial interpolation technique.

Temporal Trends and Origins of Lake Erie Cadmium Contamination in Relation to Sediment Substrate Type Using Multivariate Kriging Analyses

TL;DR: Using the kriging spatial interpolation method, Cd sediment contamination in Lake Erie from 1971 (263 samples) and 1997/1998 (55 samples) were mapped as continuous data surfaces as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Utilization of bathymetry data to examine lead sediment contamination distributions in Lake Ontario

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used bathymetry data for the analysis of contaminant distribution patterns and derived lake-wide surfaces using the ordinary kriging technique to examine three-dimensional relationships between observed pollution patterns and lake-bottom features.
Journal ArticleDOI

Assessing statistical and spatial validity of sediment survey design and sampling densities: examples from Lake Erie

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the minimum sampling density at which statistically valid, and spatially accurate predictions can be made using ordinary kriging using the Lake Erie sediment point data.
Posted ContentDOI

Combination of Geostatistical and Geovisualisation Techniques for Analysing 120 Year Earthquake Events in Indonesia Using Open-Source Software

Fatwa Ramdani, +1 more
TL;DR: This study analyzes Indonesia's significant earthquake events using geostatistical and geovisualisation methods to produce an appropriate geospatial analysis platform using the RShiny package to build the WebGIS application.
References
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Book

An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics

TL;DR: In this paper, Krigeage and continuite spatiale were used for interpolation of a variogramme with anisotropic interpolation reference record created on 2005-06-20, modified on 2011-09-01.
Journal ArticleDOI

The use of Pb, Sr, and Hg isotopes in Great Lakes precipitation as a tool for pollution source attribution

TL;DR: These data represent the first combined characterization of Pb, Sr, and Hg isotope ratios in precipitation collected across the Great Lakes region and demonstrate the utility of multiple metal isotopes ratios in parallel with traditional trace element multivariate statistical modeling to enable more complete pollution source attribution.
Journal ArticleDOI

A three-step model to assess shoreline and offshore susceptibility to oil spills: the South Aegean (Crete) as an analogue for confined marine basins.

TL;DR: The results in this paper show that zones of high to very-high susceptibility around the island of Crete are related to: offshore bathymetric features, including the presence of offshore scarps and seamounts; shoreline geology, and the presence near the shore of sedimentary basins filled with unconsolidated deposits of high permeability.
Journal ArticleDOI

Spatial Distributions of Legacy Contaminants in Sediments of Lakes Huron and Superior

TL;DR: The sediments of Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Georgian Bay were sampled in 2001 and 2002 in order to evaluate the extent of surficial sediment contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Web-based 4D visualization of marine geo-data using WebGL

TL;DR: This paper addresses the challenge of visualizing marine spatial data in web-based applications through a 4D visualization concept, focusing on usability criteria, performance parameters, the required implementation effort, and delivering a breath of spatial information that supports decision-making on multiple levels.
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