Journal ArticleDOI
Utilization of Allelopathy for Weed Management in Agroecosystems
TLDR
The ability to understand the physiological basis for allelopathy in a crop plant may allow the weed scientist or ecologist to work closely with molecular biologists or traditional plant breeders to selectively enhance the traits responsible for weed suppression.Abstract:
Biorational alternatives are gaining increased attention for weed control because of concerns related to pesticide usage and dwindling numbers of labeled products, particularly for minor-use crops. Allelopathy offers potential for biorational weed control through the production and release of allelochemics from leaves, flowers, seeds, stems, and roots of living or decomposing plant materials. Under appropriate conditions, allelochemics may be released in quantities suppressive to developing weed seedlings. Allelochemics often exhibit selectivity, similar to synthetic herbicides. Two main approaches have been investigated for allelopathic weed suppression. One is use of living rotational crops or mulches that interfere with the growth of surrounding weeds [e.g., tall red fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; creeping red fescue, F. rubra L. subsp. commutata; asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L. var. altilis); sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; alfalfa, Medicago saliva L.; black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch; and oat, Avena saliva L.]. Attempts to select germplasm with enhanced suppressive ability have been limited. The second is use of cover crop residues or living mulches to suppress weed growth for variable lengths of time (e.g., winter rye, Secale cereale L.; winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; and sorghum). Cover crop residues may selectively provide weed suppression through their physical presence on the soil surface and by release of allelochemics or microbially altered allelochemics. The ability to understand the physiological basis for allelopathy in a crop plant may allow the weed scientist or ecologist to work closely with molecular biologists or traditional plant breeders to selectively enhance the traits responsible for weed suppression.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere
TL;DR: Recent research onRoot exudation and the role of allelochemicals in the rhizosphere is outlined by studying the case of three plants that have been shown to produce allelopathic root exudates: black walnut, wheat and sorghum.
Book ChapterDOI
Crop Residues and Management Practices: Effects on Soil Quality, Soil Nitrogen Dynamics, Crop Yield, and Nitrogen Recovery
TL;DR: In this paper, a review reveals that crop residues of common cultivated crops are an important resource not only as a source of significant quantities of nutrients for crop production but also affecting soil physical, chemical, and biological functions and properties and water and soil quality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Agroecological practices for sustainable agriculture. A review
Alexander Wezel,Marion Casagrande,Florian Celette,Jean-François Vian,Aurélie Ferrer,Joséphine Peigné +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classified 15 agroecological cropping practices in temperate areas according to efficiency, substitution, and redesign, and evaluated the potential use of the practices for future agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cover Crops and Ecosystem Services: Insights from Studies in Temperate Soils
Humberto Blanco-Canqui,Tim M. Shaver,John L. Lindquist,Charles A. Shapiro,Roger W. Elmore,Charles Francis,Gary W. Hergert +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a summary of the existing knowledge about potential multiple CC benefi ts is needed for a broader understanding of CC impacts on soil and agricultural production and identifi cation of knowledge gaps that deserve further research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems
Matt Liebman,Adam S. Davis +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-external-input (LEI) farming system has been proposed as a way to ameliorate economic, environmental and health problems associated with conventional farming systems.