Journal ArticleDOI
Allelopathic Interactions and Allelochemicals: New Possibilities for Sustainable Weed Management
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This review attempts to discuss all aspects of allelopathy for the sustainable management of weeds.Abstract:
Weeds are known to cause enormous losses due to their interference in agroecosystems. Because of environmental and human health concerns, worldwide efforts are being made to reduce the heavy reliance on synthetic herbicides that are used to control weeds. In this regard the phenomenon of allelopathy, which is expressed through the release of chemicals by a plant, has been suggested to be one of the possible alternatives for achieving sustainable weed management. The use of allelopathy for controlling weeds could be either through directly utilizing natural allelopathic interactions, particularly of crop plants, or by using allelochemicals as natural herbicides. In the former case, a number of crop plants with allelopathic potential can be used as cover, smother, and green manure crops for managing weeds by making desired manipulations in the cultural practices and cropping patterns. These can be suitably rotated or intercropped with main crops to manage the target weeds (including parasitic ones) selectively. Even the crop mulch/residues can also give desirable benefits. Not only the terrestrial weeds, even allelopathy can be suitably manipulated for the management of aquatic weeds. The allelochemicals present in the higher plants as well as in the microbes can be directly used for weed management on the pattern of herbicides. Their bioefficacy can be enhanced by structural changes or the synthesis of chemical analogues based on them. Further, in order to enhance the potential of allelopathic crops, several improvements can be made with the use of biotechnology or genomics and proteomics. In this context either the production of allelochemicals can be enhanced or the transgenics with foreign genes encoding for a particular weed-suppressing allelochemical could be produced. In the former, both conventional breeding and molecular genetical techniques are useful. However, with conventional breeding being slow and difficult, more emphasis is laid on the use of modern techniques such as molecular markers and the selection aided by them. Although the progress in this regard is slow, nevertheless some promising results are coming and more are expected in future. This review attempts to discuss all these aspects of allelopathy for the sustainable management of weeds.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Eucalyptus essential oil as a natural pesticide
TL;DR: The use of eucalyptus oil as a natural pesticide is of immense significance in view of the environmental and toxicological implications of the indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides and overcoming/reducing the problem of increasing pest resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Research Progress on the use of Plant Allelopathy in Agriculture and the Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Allelopathy
Fang Cheng,Zhihui Cheng +1 more
TL;DR: This research presents a novel probabilistic procedure called “spot-spot analysis” that allows for real-time analysis of the response of the immune system to natural catastrophes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Allelopathy--a natural alternative for weed control.
TL;DR: The most recent advances in the chemicals disclosed, their mode of action and their fate in the ecosystem are pointed out and attention will be paid to achievements in genomics and proteomics, two emerging fields in allelopathy.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of allelopathy in agricultural pest management.
Muhammad Farooq,Khawar Jabran,Zahid Ata Cheema,Abdul Wahid,Kadambot H. M. Siddique,Kadambot H. M. Siddique +5 more
TL;DR: Combined application of allelopathic extract and reduced herbicide dose (up to half the standard dose) give as much weed control as the standard herbicides dose in several field crops, and lower doses of herbicides may help to reduce the development of herbicide resistance in weed ecotypes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Herbicide Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops
William K. Vencill,Robert L. Nichols,Theodore M. Webster,John K. Soteres,Carol A. Mallory-Smith,Nilda R. Burgos,William G. Johnson,Marilyn McClelland +7 more
TL;DR: Development of herbicide-resistant crops has resulted in significant changes to agronomic practices, one of which is the adoption of effective, simple, low-risk, crop-production systems with less dependency on tillage and lower energy requirements.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions
David Pimentel,S. McNair,Jan E. Janecka,Jenifer L. Wightman,C. Simmonds,C. O’Connell,E. Wong,L. Russel,J. Zern,T. Aquino,T. Tsomondo +10 more
TL;DR: The estimate is that non-native species invasions in the six nations are causing more than US$ 314 billion per year in damages.