Validation of a Urine-Based PCR-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Use in Clinical Research Settings To Detect Trichomonas vaginalis in Men
S. Cornelia Kaydos-Daniels,William C. Miller,Irving F. Hoffman,Topia Banda,Willard Dzinyemba,Francis Martinson,Myron S. Cohen,Marcia M. Hobbs +7 more
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TLDR
For clinical research settings in which urethral swabs are not available and culture is not feasible, the urine-based PCR-ELISA may be useful for detection of trichomoniasis in men.Abstract:
Trichomonas vaginalis infection is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with urethritis, prostatitis, and urethral strictures in men. However, the natural history and importance of T. vaginalis in men are poorly understood, in part because of difficulties in diagnosing infection. Traditional detection methods rely on culture and wet-mount microscopy, which can be insensitive and time consuming. Urethral swabs are commonly used to detect T. vaginalis in men, but discomfort from specimen collection is a barrier to large studies. One thousand two hundred twenty-five Malawian men attending sexually transmitted disease and dermatology clinics were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to validate detection by urine-based PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with urine and urethral swab culture as the reference standard. This assay for detection of amplified T. vaginalis DNA in first-catch urine (< or = 30 ml) performed with a sensitivity of 92.7%, a specificity of 88.6%, and an adjusted specificity of 95.2% compared to culture of urethral swabs or urine sediment. For clinical research settings in which urethral swabs are not available and culture is not feasible, the urine-based PCR-ELISA may be useful for detection of trichomoniasis in men.read more
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Sexual and drug behavior patterns and HIV and STD racial disparities: the need for new directions.
TL;DR: White young adults in the United States are at elevated STD and HIV risk when they engage in high-risk behaviors, however, Black young adults are at high risk even when their behaviors are normative, indicating the need for population-level interventions.
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Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management
TL;DR: Management of trichomoniasis is usually as part of a clinical syndrome; vaginal discharge for women and urethral discharge for men and a single dose of metronidazole is effective in the majority of cases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trichomonas vaginalis infection in male sexual partners: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Arlene C. Señea,William C. Miller,Marcia M. Hobbs,Jane R. Schwebke,Peter A. Leone,Heidi Swygard,Julius Atashili,Myron S. Cohen +7 more
TL;DR: The majority of male partners of women with trichomoniasis were infected; however, few factors predicted infection, necessitating vastly improved partner management, application of sensitive nucleic-acid based testing, and better clinical recognition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mycoplasma genitalium among young adults in the United States: an emerging sexually transmitted infection.
TL;DR: M genitalium was more prevalent than Neisseria gonorrhoeae but less prevalent than Chlamydia trachomatis, and it was strongly associated with sexual activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The prevalence of trichomoniasis in young adults in the United States.
William C. Miller,Heidi Swygard,Marcia M. Hobbs,Carol A. Ford,Mark S. Handcock,Martina Morris,John L. Schmitz,Myron S. Cohen,Kathleen Mullan Harris,J. Richard Udry,J. Richard Udry +10 more
TL;DR: It is found that trichomoniasis is moderately prevalent among the general U.S. population of young adults and disturbingly high among certain racial/ethnic groups.
References
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Stephen D. Walter,Les Irwig +1 more
TL;DR: Methods for the analysis of categorical clinical and epidemiological data, in which the observations are subject to misclassification, are reviewed, including data where the response variable has more than two levels, sequential and irregular designs and the effects of assumption violations.
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Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection by PCR using vaginal swab samples.
Guillermo Madico,Thomas C. Quinn,Thomas C. Quinn,Anne Rompalo,Kelly T. McKee,Charlotte A. Gaydos +5 more
TL;DR: A PCR test using vaginal swab samples for the detection of T. vaginalis infection by PCR is a sensitive and specific method that could be incorporated into a joint strategy for the screening of multiple STDs by using molecular amplification methods.