Journal ArticleDOI
Variability in use of cut-off scores and formats on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: implications for clinical and research practice.
TLDR
The increasing use in the literature of unvalidated cut-off scores on the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS/EPDS), as well as different wording and formatting in the scale, is highlighted to highlight possible reasons for these ‘errors’.Abstract:
Objectives: i) To highlight the increasing use in the literature of unvalidated cut-off scores on the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS/EPDS), as well as different wording and formatting in the scale; ii) to investigate and discuss the possible impact of using an unvalidated cut-off score; iii) to highlight possible reasons for these ‘errors’; and iv) to make recommendations to clinicians and researchers who use the EDS/EPDS. Method: A convenience sample of studies that have used unvalidated cut-off scores, or different formatting, are cited as evidence that these types of ‘errors’ are occurring fairly frequently. Examination of previous data from one of the authors is undertaken to determine the effect of using an unvalidated cut-off score. Summary: Many studies report rates of high scorers on the EDS/EPDS using different cut-off scores to the validated ones. The effect of doing this on the overall rate can be substantial. The effect of using different formatting is not known, though excluding items from the EDS/EPDS must also make a substantial difference. Recommendations: We recommend that i) the validated score of 13 or more is used when reporting on probable major depression in postnatal English-speaking women, and 15 or more when reporting on antenatal English-speaking women; ii) that the wording used is “13 or more” (or equivalent), and not other terms that may cause confusion (e.g., ‘>12’; ‘more than 12’; ‘13’ etc), iii) if a different cut-off score to the validated one is used, a clear explanation is given as to why this has been done; and iv) that the scale should be worded and formatted as originally described by its authors.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Onset Timing, Thoughts of Self-harm, and Diagnoses in Postpartum Women With Screen-Positive Depression Findings
Katherine L. Wisner,Dorothy Sit,Mary McShea,David M. Rizzo,Rebecca A. Zoretich,Carolyn Hughes,Heather Eng,James F. Luther,Stephen R. Wisniewski,Michelle L. Costantino,Andrea L. Confer,Eyclie L. Moses-Kolko,Christopher S. Famy,Barbara H. Hanusa +13 more
TL;DR: To screen for depression in postpartum women and evaluate positive screen findings to determine the timing of episode onset, rate and intensity of self-harm ideation, and primary and secondary DSM-IV disorders to inform treatment and policy decisions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The management of depression during pregnancy: a report from the American Psychiatric Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ☆
Kimberly A. Yonkers,Katherine L. Wisner,Donna E. Stewart,Tim F. Oberlander,Diana L. Dell,Nada L. Stotland,Susan Ramin,Linda H. Chaudron,Charles J. Lockwood +8 more
TL;DR: Antidepressant use in pregnancy is well studied, but available research has not yet adequately controlled for other factors that may influence birth outcomes including maternal illness or problematic health behaviors that can adversely affect pregnancy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: a systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
TL;DR: The results suggest that postpartum depression creates an environment that is not conducive to the personal development of mothers or the optimal development of a child, and it seems important to detect and treat depression during the postnatal period as early as possible to avoid harmful consequences.
Diagnosing postpartum depression in mothers and fathers : Whatever happened to anxiety?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used DSM-IV criteria to determine the presence since birth of depression (major or minor), panic disorder, acute adjustment disorder with anxiety (meeting the criteria for generalised anxiety disorder except for the duration criterion), and phobia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validation of the Edinburgh Depression Scale during pregnancy
Veerle Bergink,Libbe Kooistra,Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg,Henny Wijnen,Robertas Bunevičius,Anneloes L. van Baar,Victor J M Pop +6 more
TL;DR: The EDS showed high test-retest reliability and high concurrent validity with the SCL-90 anxiety and somatization subscales, and a lower cutoff than commonly applied in the postpartum period is recommended.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
John Cox,Jeni Holden,R. Sagovsky +2 more
TL;DR: The development of a 10-item self-report scale (EPDS) to screen for Postnatal Depression in the community was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specficity, and was also sensitive to change in the severity of depression over time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis
Michael W. O'Hara,Annette Swain +1 more
TL;DR: The average prevalence rate of non-psychotic postpartum depression based on the results of a large number of studies is 13% as discussed by the authors, and the average prevalence estimates are affected by the nature of the assessment method.
Journal ArticleDOI
ALSPAC--the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. I. Study methodology.
TL;DR: The comprehensiveness of the ALSPAC approach with a total population sample unselected by disease status, and the availability of parental genotypes, provides an adequate sample for statistical analysis and for avoiding spurious results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth
TL;DR: Symptom scores from the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale at 18 and 32 weeks of pregnancy and 8 weeks and 8 months postpartum and research and clinical efforts need to be moved towards understanding, recognising, and treating antenatal depression.
Journal ArticleDOI
The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample.
TL;DR: It is confirmed that antenatal anxiety occurs frequently, overlaps with depression and increases the likelihood of postnatal depression.
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