Verification Strategies for Establishing Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research
TLDR
The authors argue that qualitative researchers should reclaim responsibility for reliability and validity by implementing verification strategies integral and self-correcting during the conduct of inquiry itself, which ensures the attainment of rigor using strategies inherent within each qualitative design, and moves the responsibility for incorporating and maintaining reliability and validation from external reviewers' judgements to the investigators themselves.Abstract:
The rejection of reliability and validity in qualitative inquiry in the 1980s has resulted in an interesting shift for "ensuring rigor" from the investigator’s actions during the course of the research, to the reader or consumer of qualitative inquiry. The emphasis on strategies that are implemented during the research process has been replaced by strategies for evaluating trustworthiness and utility that are implemented once a study is completed. In this article, we argue that reliability and validity remain appropriate concepts for attaining rigor in qualitative research. We argue that qualitative researchers should reclaim responsibility for reliability and validity by implementing verification strategies integral and self-correcting during the conduct of inquiry itself. This ensures the attainment of rigor using strategies inherent within each qualitative design, and moves the responsibility for incorporating and maintaining reliability and validity from external reviewers’ judgements to the investigators themselves. Finally, we make a plea for a return to terminology for ensuring rigor that is used by mainstream science.read more
Citations
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Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research
TL;DR: Used effectively, with the leadership of an experienced qualitative researcher, the Framework Method is a systematic and flexible approach to analysing qualitative data and is appropriate for use in research teams even where not all members have previous experience of conducting qualitative research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Qualitative Content Analysis: A Focus on Trustworthiness
Satu Elo,Maria Kääriäinen,Maria Kääriäinen,Outi Kanste,Tarja Pölkki,Kati Utriainen,Helvi Kyngäs,Helvi Kyngäs +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the trustworthiness of content analysis in nursing science studies and found that content analysis is commonly used for analyzing qualitative data, however, few articles have examined the use of QCA in nursing studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization
Benjamin Saunders,Julius Sim,Tom Kingstone,Shula Baker,Jackie Waterfield,Bernadette Bartlam,Heather Burroughs,Clare Jinks +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that saturation should be operationalized in a way that is consistent with the research question(s), and the theoretical position and analytic framework adopted, but also that there should be some limit to its scope, so as to risk saturation losing its coherence and potency if its conceptualization and uses are stretched too widely.
Journal ArticleDOI
Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: a research note
TL;DR: Saturation is mentioned in many qualitative research reports without any explanation of what it means and how it occurred as mentioned in this paper and the main argument advanced in this research note is that claims of saturation should be supported by an explanation of how saturation was achieved and substantiated by clear evidence of its occurrence.
References
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Book
Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five traditions.
TL;DR: Creswell as mentioned in this paper explores the philosophical underpinnings, history and key elements of five qualitative inquiry traditions: biography, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Naturalistic inquiry: Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1985, 416 pp., $25.00 (Cloth)
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Fourth Generation Evaluation
Egon G. Guba,Yvonna S. Lincoln +1 more
TL;DR: The coming of age of evaluation What is fourth generation evaluation? Why should we choose to practice it? What Is this Constructivist Paradigm Anyway? Ethics and Politics The Twin Failures of Positivist Science Constructions and Reconstructions of Realities Paradigms and Methodologies The Methodology of Fourth Generation Evaluations Judging the Quality of 4G Evaluation Putting It All Together so that It Spells E-V-A-L-U-A -T-I-O-N
Book
Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data
Herbert J. Rubin,Irene Rubin +1 more
TL;DR: This book discusses the design and implementation of the Responsive Interviewing Model, and some of the techniques used, as well as personal reflections on Responsive interviewing.