Voltage-mode FDCCII-based universal filters

TLDR: In this article, three voltage-mode universal biquadratic filters with single input and five outputs have been proposed, which can simultaneously realize voltagemode lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP), highpass (HP), bandstop (BS) and allpass (AP) responses employing all grounded passive components.

Abstract: Three new voltage-mode universal biquadratic filters configuration are proposed. The first proposed high-input impedance universal filter with single input and five outputs, which can simultaneously realize voltage-mode lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP), highpass (HP), bandstop (BS) and allpass (AP) filter responses employing all grounded passive components. The second proposed high-input impedance universal filter with three input and single output, which also can realize all the standard filter functions without requiring any inverting input voltage signal. The third proposed universal filter with three inputs and five outputs, which can be used as either a three-input single-output or a two-input five-output universal filter. Moreover, each of the proposed circuits still enjoys (i) the employment of only grounded capacitors, and (ii) no requirement with the component choice conditions to realize specific filtering functions.