Journal ArticleDOI
Water Waves Generated by Landslides
TLDR
In this article, the amplitude of the largest wave in the nonlinear region by utilizing the solutions obtained from linear theory for vertical landslides was derived for the Lituya Bay landslide of July 9, 1958.Abstract:
The problem of water waves generated by landslides is studied by considering two distinct types of landslide; vertical and horizontal. The vertical landslide is studied by assuming that the landslide is modeled by a two-dimensional box falling vertically. A horizontal landslide is one which enters and moves through the water horizontally and is modeled analytically by a two-dimensional wall which moves into the fluid domain. Theoretical solutions are obtained assuming that the geometric and dynamic parameters of the problem are known. Graphs are presented for motion with constant velocity. For the vertical landslide problem, experiments were performed to verify this theory and the results compare very favorably in the region where linearized theory is valid. An approximate method is developed to find the amplitude of the largest wave in the nonlinear region by utilizing the solutions obtained from linear theory for vertical landslides. This approximate method is then applied to the Lituya Bay, Alaska landslide of July 9, 1958 in order to estimate the largest wave.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Near Field Characteristics of Landslide Generated Impulse Waves
TL;DR: In this article, landslide generated impulse waves were investigated in a two-dimensional physical laboratory model based on the generalized Froude similarity, and four wave types were determined: weakly nonlinear oscillatory wave, nonlinear transition wave, solitary-like wave and dissipative transient bore.
Journal ArticleDOI
A porous-wavemaker theory
TL;DR: In this article, a porous wavemaker theory is developed to analyse small-amplitude surface waves on water of finite depth, produced by horizontal oscillations of a porous vertical plate, and analytical solutions in closed forms are obtained for the surface-wave profile, the hydrodynamic-pressure distribution and the total force on the wavemaker.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonlinear Water Waves Generated by Submarine and Aerial Landslides
TL;DR: In this article, the two-dimensional hydrodynamics program Nasa•Vof2D is modified to study the generation, propagation, and run-up on the shore of water waves created by landslides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lituya Bay Landslide Impact Generated Mega-Tsunami 50th Anniversary
Abstract: On July 10, 1958, an earthquake Mw 8.3 along the Fairweather fault triggered a major subaerial landslide into Gilbert Inlet at the head of Lituya Bay on the southern coast of Alaska. The landslide impacted the water at high speed generating a giant tsunami and the highest wave runup in recorded history. The megatsunami runup to an elevation of 524 m caused total forest destruction and erosion down to bedrock on a spur ridge in direct prolongation of the slide axis. A cross section of Gilbert Inlet was rebuilt at 1∶675 scale in a two-dimensional physical laboratory model based on the generalized Froude similarity. A pneumatic landslide tsunami generator was used to generate a high-speed granular slide with controlled impact characteristics. State-of-the-art laser measurement techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser distance sensors (LDS) were applied to the decisive initial phase with landslide impact and wave generation as well as the runup on the headland. PIV provided instantaneous velocity vector fields in a large area of interest and gave insight into kinematics of wave generation and runup. The entire process of a high-speed granular landslide impact may be subdivided into two main stages: (a) Landslide impact and penetration with flow separation, cavity formation and wave generation, and (b) air cavity collapse with landslide run-out and debris detrainment causing massive phase mixing. Formation of a large air cavity — similar to an asteroid impact — in the back of the landslide is highlighted. A three-dimensional pneumatic landslide tsunami generator was designed, constructed and successfully deployed in the tsunami wave basin at OSU. The Lituya Bay landslide was reproduced in a three-dimensional physical model at 1∶400 scale. The landslide surface velocities distribution was measured with PIV. The measured tsunami amplitude and runup heights serve as benchmark for analytical and numerical models.
Lituya Bay Case Rockslide Impact and Wave Run-up
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser distance sensors (LDS) to measure the wave run-up in Gilbert Inlet.