Journal ArticleDOI
Near Field Characteristics of Landslide Generated Impulse Waves
TLDR
In this article, landslide generated impulse waves were investigated in a two-dimensional physical laboratory model based on the generalized Froude similarity, and four wave types were determined: weakly nonlinear oscillatory wave, nonlinear transition wave, solitary-like wave and dissipative transient bore.Abstract:
Landslide generated impulse waves were investigated in a two-dimensional physical laboratory model based on the generalized Froude similarity. The recorded wave profiles were extremely unsteady and nonlinear. Four wave types were determined: weakly nonlinear oscillatory wave, non-linear transition wave, solitary-like wave and dissipative transient bore. Most of the generated impulse waves were located in the intermediate water depth wave regime. Nevertheless the propagation velocity of the leading wave crest closely followed the theoretical approximations for a solitary wave. Between 4 and 50% of the kinetic slide impact energy propagated outward in the impulse wave train. The applicability ranges of the classical nonlinear wave theories to landslide generated impulse waves were determined. The main wave characteristics were related to the landslide parameters driving the entire wave generation process. The slide Froude number was identified as the dominant parameter. The physical model results were compared to the giant rockslide generated impulse wave which struck the shores of the Lituya Bay, Alaska, in 1958.read more
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Experimental Study of Tsunami Generation by Three-Dimensional Rigid Underwater Landslides
François Enet,Stephan T. Grilli +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a smooth and streamlined rigid body slides down a plane slope, starting from different initial submergence depths, and generates surface waves, different conditions of wave nonlinearity and dispersion are generated by varying the model slide initial depth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lituya Bay Landslide Impact Generated Mega-Tsunami 50th Anniversary
Abstract: On July 10, 1958, an earthquake Mw 8.3 along the Fairweather fault triggered a major subaerial landslide into Gilbert Inlet at the head of Lituya Bay on the southern coast of Alaska. The landslide impacted the water at high speed generating a giant tsunami and the highest wave runup in recorded history. The megatsunami runup to an elevation of 524 m caused total forest destruction and erosion down to bedrock on a spur ridge in direct prolongation of the slide axis. A cross section of Gilbert Inlet was rebuilt at 1∶675 scale in a two-dimensional physical laboratory model based on the generalized Froude similarity. A pneumatic landslide tsunami generator was used to generate a high-speed granular slide with controlled impact characteristics. State-of-the-art laser measurement techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser distance sensors (LDS) were applied to the decisive initial phase with landslide impact and wave generation as well as the runup on the headland. PIV provided instantaneous velocity vector fields in a large area of interest and gave insight into kinematics of wave generation and runup. The entire process of a high-speed granular landslide impact may be subdivided into two main stages: (a) Landslide impact and penetration with flow separation, cavity formation and wave generation, and (b) air cavity collapse with landslide run-out and debris detrainment causing massive phase mixing. Formation of a large air cavity — similar to an asteroid impact — in the back of the landslide is highlighted. A three-dimensional pneumatic landslide tsunami generator was designed, constructed and successfully deployed in the tsunami wave basin at OSU. The Lituya Bay landslide was reproduced in a three-dimensional physical model at 1∶400 scale. The landslide surface velocities distribution was measured with PIV. The measured tsunami amplitude and runup heights serve as benchmark for analytical and numerical models.
Mechanisms of tsunami generation by submarine landslides - a short review
TL;DR: In this paper, the energy transfer from landslide motion to water motion was studied, i.e., the generation of tsunamis by submarine landslides, and it was shown that the energy can be transferred from landslide motions to water motions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oceanic propagation of a potential tsunami from the La Palma Island
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on numerical simulations of a tsunami that might result from the extreme case of a flank collapse of the Cumbre Vieja volcano at the La Palma Island, done by combining a multimaterial model for the wave generation with Boussinesq models for the far-field propagation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Submarine landslide tsunamis: how extreme and how likely?
TL;DR: In this article, a number of examples are presented to substantiate that submarine landslides have occurred along most continental margins and along several volcano flanks, and the need for data acquisition and analyses, laboratory experiments, and more sophisticated numerical modelling for improved understanding and hazard assessment of landslide tsunamis are elaborated.
References
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XLI. On the change of form of long waves advancing in a rectangular canal, and on a new type of long stationary waves
D. J. de Korteweg,G. de Vries +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the change of form of long waves advancing in a rectangular canal, and on a new type of long stationary waves were discussed, and a new model of long wave propagation was proposed.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an introduction to classical water wave theory for the college senior or first year graduate student, with a set of homework problems exercising and sometimes extending the material presented in the chapter.
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On the Theory of Oscillatory Waves
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the velocity of propagation of a series of oscillatory waves does not depend on the height of the waves, and that the extreme waves of such a series partake in some measure of the character of solitary waves and their height decreases as they proceed.