Journal ArticleDOI
Why not say it directly? The social functions of irony
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This paper investigated the social payoffs of speaking ironically and found that irony served to protect the speaker's face by showing the speaker as less angry and more in control, and that irony damaged the speaker-addressee relationship less than did literal criticism.Abstract:
In three experiments, we investigated the social payoffs of speaking ironically. In Experiment 1, participants rated videotaped ironic remarks (criticisms and compliments) as funnier than literal remarks, but no more or less status enhancing. In Experiment 2, participants listened to audiotaped ironic criticisms and compliments. Ironic compliments were rated as more insulting than literal compliments, but ironic criticisms were found to be less insulting than literal criticisms. In Experiment 3, participants read literal or ironic criticisms. Ironic comments were rated as more amusing than literal ones. When irony was directed at the addressee's poor performance, it served to protect the addressee's face by softening the criticism. When irony was directed at the addressee's offensive behavior, it served to protect the speaker's face by showing the speaker as less angry and more in control. In addition, irony damaged the speaker—addressee relationship less than did literal criticism. Taken together, these ...read more
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Verbal irony as implicit display of ironic environment: Distinguishing ironic utterances from nonirony☆
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References
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Politeness : Some Universals in Language Usage
TL;DR: Gumperz as discussed by the authors discusses politeness strategies in language and their implications for language studies, including sociological implications and implications for social sciences. But he does not discuss the relationship between politeness and language.
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Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage
TL;DR: This paper presents an argument about the nature of the model and its implications for language studies and Sociological implications and discusses the role of politeness strategies in language.
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Principles of pragmatics
TL;DR: In this article, Leech akan memaparkan pengertian pragmatik complementer dalam setiap kajian bahasa sebagai sebuah sistem komunikasi.
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Understanding by Addressees and Overhearers
TL;DR: This paper found that addressees are more accurate at arranging the figures than overhearers even when the overhearers heard every word, whereas the very process of understanding is different for addresseees and overhearers.
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A Rhetoric of Irony
TL;DR: Booth as discussed by the authors analyzed how we manage to share quite specific ironies and why we often fail when we try to do so, and showed that at least some of our commonplaces about meaninglessness require revision.