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All results showed that PVDF membranes with highly inter-connected pores and unimodal pore size distribution could be readily prepared by the Nat-ips process.
The tendency for PVDF to wet with the solvent and its incompatibility with Ago particles resulted in significant variations to the membrane properties which makes PVDF a non-suitable membrane material for this application.
This simple method of fabrication of PVDF/CS membranes is a potential solution for the low flux and fouling of common PVDF microfiltration membranes.
This method can also be used in functionalizing PVDF membranes further by exploiting the labile –OH group present on the membrane surface.
The results provide the key to discriminate membrane preparation conditions favoring hydrophilic, low fouling, and highly selective PVDF–MWCNTs membranes, for water-treatment applications in pressure-driven membrane operations, from conditions favoring the formation of hydrophobic and waterproof membranes, to be used in the membrane contactors field.
Results showed that different exposure doses lead to variations in PVDF membrane structural/surface characteristics according to different mechanisms and further influence the permeability and fouling behaviors of PVDF membranes during ultrafiltration (UF) processes.
The results indicate that blending PVDF can alter the thermal properties of the resulting membranes, particularly the thermal stability.
The effective pore size and porosity of the PVDF membranes could be well tuned by simply adjusting the PVDF concentrations in polymer solutions.
In spite of that, the PVDF-g-PG membranes still maintain high flux recovery ratio and good washing properties.
Additionally, this research provides a feasible method to regulate the morphology, pore size and permeability of TIPS-prepared PVDF membranes.

Related Questions

Why does the tensile property of poly(vinyl alcohol) film changes by different drying temperature?5 answersThe tensile properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film are influenced by drying temperature due to various factors. At elevated temperatures, the content of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and polymer chains decreases, destabilizing cross-linking points and weakening the gel's integrity, leading to a decline in tensile properties. Additionally, heating or annealing PVA films at different temperatures affects their stress-strain curves, with significant changes observed in the initial part of the curve and improvements in modulus, ultimate tensile stress, and toughness attributed to increased crystallization and hydrogen bond absorbance ratios. Moreover, temperature variations alter the mechanical behavior of PVA-based materials, transitioning from brittle to ductile with decreasing modulus of elasticity as temperature rises.
What are the different methods of PVDF fiber generation?5 answersThere are several methods for generating PVDF fibers. One method involves preparing PVDF/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanocomposite fibers through dry-jet wet spinning, followed by mechanical stretching. Another method involves using PVDF material with a specific molecular weight as a film-forming material and applying a casting solution to a spinneret for hollow fiber membrane spinning. Additionally, PVDF fibers can be prepared through melt conjugate spinning, where sheath-core type fibers made from PVDF and polyarylate (PAR) are fabricated. Furthermore, a method for preparing PVDF hollow fiber membranes for membrane distillation involves spraying casting liquid, core liquid, and external condensates onto a spinneret. Lastly, an elastic beam structure PVDF modal sensor can be generated by inputting model parameters and solving equations using the Rayleigh-Ritz method.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each drying method for slot die perovskite solar cells?3 answersThe advantages and disadvantages of each drying method for slot die perovskite solar cells are as follows. Slot-die coating with a "nitrogen (N2)-knife" drying method allows for high reproducibility and avoids the use of antisolvents, improving cell stability and performance. Slot-die coating with a blowing step during drying significantly improves the coverage of the perovskite films, resulting in higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). Additionally, slot-die coating with a heating step during drying, combined with a printing-friendly hole transport layer, further improves the morphology of the perovskite film and increases PCE. However, slot-die coating without a self-drying mechanism tends to produce perovskite layers with lower coverage and overgrown crystals compared to spin coating. Overall, slot-die coating offers high compatibility with roll-to-roll production and has the potential for high-throughput production of perovskite solar cells.
What are the different drying methods that can be used for slot die perovskite solar cells?4 answersDifferent drying methods for slot die perovskite solar cells include drying by a "nitrogen (N2)-knife", drying by an air knife, and drying at mild temperature (60 °C).
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