What is the optimal temperature for carbon cracking in pyrolysis?5 answersThe optimal temperature for carbon cracking in pyrolysis depends on various factors. Research indicates that for waste tire pyrolysis, the decomposition occurs in the range of 200–500 °C, with the highest pyrolytic oil yield achieved at 500 °C. Additionally, the temperature profile for carbonaceous feedstock pyrolysis in a plug-flow reactor is influenced by the activation energies of desired and side reactions, as well as the type of main pyrolysis reactions. Furthermore, in the production of acetylene through high-temperature pyrolysis, the yield was optimized at 1800 °C with a residence time of 8.24 ms, with different raw materials affecting the process differently. These studies collectively suggest that the optimal temperature for carbon cracking in pyrolysis varies depending on the specific reaction and feedstock characteristics.
What is the optimum temperature to incinerate coffee grounds to use as geopolymer binder and for how long?5 answersThe optimum temperature for incinerating coffee grounds to utilize them as a geopolymer binder is around 750°C for 2 hours. At this temperature, the chemical reaction between coffee grounds ash and other matrices in the concrete mixture generates better compressive performance, exceeding 40 MPa, making it suitable as a cement replacement in concrete. Additionally, spent coffee grounds can be effectively valorized through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at moderate conditions like 150°C for 30 minutes, resulting in hydrochar with high energy recovery and heating value, making it a potential solid fuel for domestic heating or large-scale co-firing plants. The study also suggests that heating conditions between 100°C and 150°C for 10 minutes are optimal for HCHO adsorption in fiberboard production using treated coffee waste.
What is the temperature during coffee roasting?5 answersThe temperature during coffee roasting varies depending on the specific roasting process. In one study, the roasting temperature ranged from 200°C to 230°C. Another study mentioned a maximum temperature of 210°C to 230°C for roasting coffee beans. Yet another study recommended a roasting temperature of 230°C. The abstracts also mentioned specific temperature ranges for different stages of the roasting process, such as a bean feeding temperature of 200°Cand a surface temperature of the green coffee beans reaching 210°C to 230°C during roasting. Overall, the temperature during coffee roasting can vary depending on factors such as the specific roasting method, duration, and desired flavor profile.
What are the temperature during drying stage in coffee roasting process?5 answersThe temperature during the drying stage in coffee roasting process varies depending on the method used. In one method, the coffee beans are roasted for 4 to 6 minutes at a temperature of about 205°C in the first stage, and then further roasted at approximately 205°C in subsequent stages. Another method involves heating the beans to a temperature of 550°F to 570°F in the first stage, and then contacting them with an independent roasting gas stream at the same temperature in the second zone. In a different process, the beans are heated by a roasting gas for partial roasting and expansion of their cellular structure, and then contacted with an independent roasting gas stream at a temperature of 515°F to 545°F to stabilize the open structure of the beans. The specific temperature during the drying stage may also depend on factors such as the desired color and density of the roasted coffee.
How to make biomass briquettes by using coffee grounds?5 answersBiomass briquettes can be made using coffee grounds by mixing them with other materials such as recycled newsprint, bottom ash, kaolinite clay, or xanthan gum as binders. The process involves drying and carbonizing the coffee grounds, followed by treating them with steam and carbon dioxide to manufacture an adsorbent with hydrogen sulfide adsorbing ability. The briquettes can be manufactured at room temperature with varying moisture content and compaction pressure, resulting in different densities and durability. Mechanical compression tests can be conducted to evaluate the shatter resistance and abrasion resistance of the briquettes. The optimal composition for coffee ground briquette production, in terms of fuel quality and ash shape retention, is found to be 20 wt.% spent coffee grounds, 71 wt.% bottom ash, 9 wt.% kaolinite clay, and 15 wt.% solution with a 20:1 water/Ca(OH)2 mixing ratio. These briquettes have been identified as a highly renewable solid biofuel with a high calorific value.
What are the optimal NaOH /Na2SiO3 ratios for geopolymer based recycled glass powder for soil stabilization?3 answersThe optimal NaOH/Na2SiO3 ratios for geopolymer based recycled glass powder for soil stabilization were not explicitly mentioned in the abstracts provided. However, the abstracts discussed the use of different molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as an alkaline activator for geopolymerization. The studies evaluated the mechanical and microstructural behavior of the stabilized soils using various combinations of recycled glass powder (RGP) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The results showed that the addition of glass powder improved the mechanical properties of the soils. It is recommended to use a mix design with 10% glass powder and M13 NaOH to obtain optimum sustainable geopolymer-stabilized subgrade (GSS) soil. However, the specific NaOH/Na2SiO3 ratios were not mentioned in the abstracts. Further details may be available in the full text papers.