What is the role of AKT/PI3K pathway in spinal cord injury?5 answersThe AKT/PI3K pathway plays a crucial role in spinal cord injury (SCI) by influencing neurological function and recovery. Activation of this pathway has been linked to promoting cell growth, development, and survival while inhibiting apoptosis, which is vital for neuron protection and recovery. Studies have shown that modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway can lead to enhanced motor function recovery after SCI by upregulating AKT1 expression. Additionally, the pathway's activation has been associated with reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress, contributing to the protective effects observed in SCI models. Furthermore, the pathway's regulation by long noncoding RNA TSIX has been implicated in exacerbating SCI progression, highlighting its significance in potential targeted therapies for SCI regeneration.
What is the specific role of Calcium-dependent Protein Binding being upregulated in spinal cord injury progression?5 answersThe upregulation of calcium-dependent protein binding, specifically the calcium channel alpha-2-delta-1 subunit (Ca(v)α2δ-1), plays a crucial role in spinal cord injury (SCI) progression. Calcium-binding proteins are essential in maintaining calcium homeostasis and are implicated in various physiological activities in the spinal cord. Additionally, neuronal calcium-binding proteins NECAB1/2 are abundant in pain-related neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord, contributing to pain circuits. Furthermore, the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is pivotal in sustaining dorsal horn neuron hyperexcitability post-SCI, leading to chronic central neuropathic pain. Targeting these calcium-dependent pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing neuropathic pain and addressing the pathogenesis of SCI-induced pain states.
What is SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1 role in the brain?5 answersSRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1, also known as PP2, plays a role in the brain by inhibiting the activation of caspase-1 and the production of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) in response to hypoxia-induced cerebral inflammation. It has been shown to attenuate the activity of caspase-1 acutely after hypoxia, but not its expression. Additionally, PP2 has been found to prevent the increase in IL-1β levels following hypoxia. In the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI), Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitors, including PP2, have been shown to be neuroprotective against secondary damage by reducing cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, the inhibition of SRC kinase has been found to have a neuroprotective effect in the modeling of cerebral ischemia in mice. Therefore, SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1, PP2, has the potential to attenuate neuroinflammation and provide neuroprotection in the brain.
How mRNA expression in spinal cord upregulated in arthritic rat?4 answersThe upregulation of mRNA expression in the spinal cord of arthritic rats was observed in several studies. In one study, it was found that the gene responsible for GABA synthesis, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), showed enhanced expression in response to chronic inflammatory lesions. Another study showed an increase in the expression of TNFalpha, IP-10, MCP-1, aFGF, and bFGF in the injured spinal cord. Additionally, a down-regulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA expression was observed in the dorsal spinal cord of arthritic rats. Furthermore, the expression of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) mRNA was significantly increased in the spinal cord after contusion injury. These findings suggest that various genes and factors involved in pain modulation and inflammation are upregulated in the spinal cord of arthritic rats.
Are tyrosine kinase inhibitors biologics?7 answers
Is erlotinib a tyrosine kinase inhibitors?5 answers