Showing papers on "Acceptance testing published in 2022"

Public acceptance of connected vehicles: An extension of the technology acceptance model

Abstract: • Proposed and validated a novel connected vehicle (CV) acceptance model (CVAM). • Perceived data privacy and security (PPS), perceived trust (PT), perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) were found to be the determinants of CV acceptance. • PPS was found to negatively affect CV acceptance directly and indirectly through all other determinants of CV acceptance. • PT had a major role in developing positive perception on CV acceptance but its directional relationship with PU and PEOU is unclear. To examine the public acceptance of connected vehicles (CVs), this study developed a novel connected vehicle acceptance model (CVAM) extending the technology acceptance model (TAM). The model was built based on a questionnaire survey of 2400 US adults. Perceived data privacy and security associated with the technology was found to shape the trust, attitude, and behavioral intention to use CVs, in addition to the predictors of original TAM: perceived usefulness and ease of use. Results revealed that trust mediates the effect of perceived data privacy and security on CV acceptance, though its directional relationship with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is unclear. Socio-demographic and other characteristics of respondents associated with CV acceptance and its predictors were explored. A number of theoretical and practical implications of the study findings are discussed.

Setting Multivariate and Correlated Acceptance Limits for Assessing the Conformity of Items

Abstract: Abstract Many industrial products, foodstuffs and environmental samples are checked for values of different chemical parameters against tolerance limits or intervals defined in a specification or legislation. In some cases, the measured values of the different parameters are correlated due to how materials are obtained, chemical constraints and/or due to the simple fact that determinations are performed by multi-analyte procedures that share analytical operations and effects. In these cases, instead of defining an acceptance criterion for each measured value on the tested item separately based on the respective measurement uncertainty, the multivariate problem should be addressed by defining multivariate criteria. These multivariate criteria are set for a maximum total risk of wrong conformity decisions that is a complex function of all particular risks of the item being rejected or accepted by comparing each measured value with its respective limit. Computational tools have been developed to estimate the total specific risk of an item being wrongly considered to conform or not to conform with tolerance limits for various components when the measured values are independent or correlated. However, these tools must be applied for each test to check if the total specific risk is acceptable. This work presents a tool for setting multivariate acceptance limits applicable to correlated measurements and referenced to a defined total specific risk. The acceptance limits allow the decision about conformity of an item based on the simple comparison of the measured values with the acceptance limits. The acceptance limits are estimated by a user-friendly and iterative tool implemented in a MS-Excel spreadsheet and available in the Supplementary Material. This tool is successfully applied to various conformity problems. Acceptance limits based on informative and non-informative prior information are compared for a critical review of the merits and problems associated with Bayesian or frequentist conformity assessments.

Standards and Assessment of Construction Products: Case Study of Ceramic Tile Adhesives

Abstract: This work attempts to draw attention to the importance of a multidimensional approach when creating standard requirements in the assessment of construction products with the example of ceramic tile adhesives (CTAs). CTAs are an essential group of building materials today, the continuous development of which has been noted since the 1960s. However, until 2001, i.e., the year when EN 12004 was published, there were no precise requirements for CTAs at the European level, which often made it difficult or, in extreme cases, even impossible to assess the product objectively. Under the provisions of EN 12004, for twenty years, the basis for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of CTAs has been adhesion determined by tensile strength. The paper discusses the test methods, paying attention to their imperfections, including the impact of the materials used in measurements, i.e., concrete slab, ceramic tile, and water quality. The results of the multi-annual interlaboratory tests indicate that an essential factor that must be considered in the process of AVCP is test measurement uncertainty. Additionally, it should be remembered that uncertainty also occurs at other assessment levels. It also seems that the simple acceptance rule that does not consider the variability resulting from the measurement uncertainty is inadequate when assessing CTAs.

User acceptance of wearable intelligent medical devices through a modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology

Abstract: Background: The acceptance of wearable intelligent medical devices and the factors influencing behavioral intention to use them have been scarcely studied. This study aimed to increase the current understanding of wearable intelligent medical devices and investigate the factors influencing their acceptance.

Report of AAPM Task Group 272: Comprehensive acceptance testing and evaluation of fluoroscopy imaging systems.

Abstract: Modern fluoroscopes used for image guidance have become quite complex. Adding to this complexity are the many regulatory and accreditation requirements that must be fulfilled during acceptance testing of a new unit. Further, some of these acceptance tests have pass/fail criteria, while others do not, making acceptance testing a subjective and time consuming task. The AAPM Task Group 272 Report spells out the details of tests that are required and gives visibility to some of the tests that while not yet required, are recommended as good practice. The organization of the report begins with the most complicated fluoroscopes used in interventional radiology or cardiology, continues with general fluoroscopy and mobile C-arms. Finally, the Appendices of the report provide useful information, an example report form and topics that needed their own section due to the level of detail. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Verification of food testing methods in the operations of accredited testing laboratories according to ISO/IEC 17025:2017

Abstract: The article discusses the implementation of the requirements of the new version of the international standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in.the test laboratory in the transition period from the old version of 2007. The requirements for validation and verification of methods, calculation of uncertainty of measurements have different interpretations on the part of interested parties, therefore, the article interprets these requirements based on the recommendations of international organizations. As an example, the verification of food methods is considered. The data obtained were processed taking into account the recommendation of international standards. According to the requirements, verification of any object, process or service must meet its purpose and intended use, that is, solve the specific tasks of the customer who acquires them. The process of production and sale of food products (for example, yogurt, milk, dairy products, confectionery products, etc.) must be sterile and safe, meeting the requirements of technical specifications; Food technology should be done carefully, professionally, according to hygienic rules, taking into account the individuality of the customer. Based on the data obtained, a number of recommendations and conclusions have been developed that are of practical interest to all participants in assessing food conformity.

Optimal Design of Reliability Acceptance Sampling Plans for Multi-stage Production Process

Abstract: One of the goals in manufacturing industry is to follow manufacturing standards which ensure that the manufactured products meet expectations of consumers. An Acceptance sampling plan is a tool to ensure that quality of products meet the minimum expected standards. In this chapter, an attempt is made to derive lot acceptance single and double sampling plans based on type ii censored data. The units in the lot have multiple quality characteristics and are processed through multi-stage process. We assume that the quality characteristics of units follow the exponential distribution. The acceptance criterion for the given lot is derived based on mean-life of units in the sample at every stage. Further, two non-linear optimization problems, which minimize the expected total testing cost at the acceptable quality level, are solved. In addition, sensitivity analysis studies are also conducted to assess the behavior of total testing costs with respect to change in producer’s and consumer’s risks and sample sizes. Several numerical examples and two case studies are presented to illustrate our resulting sampling plans.

Single acceptance sampling plans based on truncated lifetime tests for two-parameter Xgamma distribution with real data application.

Abstract: Recently, the two-parameter Xgamma distribution (TPXGD) is suggested as a new lifetime distribution for modeling some real data. The TPXGD is investigated in different areas and generalized to other forms by many of the researchers. The acceptance sampling plans are one of the main important statistical tools in production and engineering fields. In this paper, modified acceptance sampling plans for the TPXGD are proposed with the assumption that the lifetime is truncated at a predetermined level. The mean of the TPXGD model is utilized as a quality parameter. The variables of the acceptance sampling plans including the acceptance numbers, the minimum sample sizes, operating characteristic function and the producer's risk are investigated for various values of the model parameters. Numerical examples are offered to illustrate the process of the proposed plans. Also, a real data is fitted to the TPXGD and an application based on the suggested acceptance sampling plans is considered for explanation.

Performance and acceptance of a partially automated shuttle service for commuters using a Tesla Model X

Abstract: This contribution presents results of a three-month field trial for cross border commuters with a partially automated shuttle. In lack of a fully automated mini-bus with high travelling speed, a semi-automated service based on Tesla Model X was implemented, trying to maximize the share of automated driving while exploiting allowed speed limits. The commuters had an overall positive attitude towards the service and the majority would be willing to use such a service if provided for them. Results regarding the acceptance differ from studies conducted with low-speed people movers mainly regarding comfort and safety. The results provide insights into which parameters matter for reaching a high acceptance of such offers. The analysis of the data logged directly from the used vehicles show that safety drivers handled the technical system differently, reflecting varying levels of trust and experience. This resulted in driver dependent shares of Autopilot usage on the same track and under the same circumstances. Combined, the passenger acceptance study and technical evaluation of the field test point out to the gaps to fill before a competitive alternative to the individual car will be available.

Specification-driven acceptance criteria for validation of biopharmaceutical processes

Abstract: Intermediate acceptance criteria are the foundation for developing control strategies in process validation stage 1 in the pharmaceutical industry. At drug substance or product level such intermediate acceptance criteria for quality are available and referred to as specification limits. However, it often remains a challenge to define acceptance criteria for intermediate process steps. Available guidelines underpin the importance of intermediate acceptance criteria, because they are an integral part for setting up a control strategy for the manufacturing process. The guidelines recommend to base the definition of acceptance criteria on the entirety of process knowledge. Nevertheless, the guidelines remain unclear on how to derive such limits. Within this contribution we aim to present a sound data science methodology for the definition of intermediate acceptance criteria by putting the guidelines recommendations into practice (ICH Q6B, 1999). By using an integrated process model approach, we leverage manufacturing data and experimental data from small scale to derive intermediate acceptance criteria. The novelty of this approach is that the acceptance criteria are based on pre-defined out-of-specification probabilities, while also considering manufacturing variability in process parameters. In a case study we compare this methodology to a conventional +/- 3 standard deviations (3SD) approach and demonstrate that the presented methodology is superior to conventional approaches and provides a solid line of reasoning for justifying them in audits and regulatory submission.

A multi-institutional comparison of acceptance testing data for a 0.35 T MRI scanner

Abstract: Objective. To present and quantify the variability in the acceptance testing data for the imaging component of the 0.35 T magnetic resonance-linear accelerator (MR-linac). Approach. The current acceptance testing protocol by the MR-linac vendor was described along with the equipment and scanner parameters utilized throughout the process. The Bo field homogeneity, SNR/uniformity of the combined and individual receiver coils, American College of Radiology (ACR) image quality testing, and spatial integrity of the imaging data were collected from twelve different institutions. The variability in the results was accentuated and the ramifications of the results were discussed in the context of MR-guided radiation therapy. Main Results. The Bo field homogeneity was found to have a large gantry dependence with the median values being <4 ppm for all gantry angles. The SNR and uniformity were found to be well above the vendor-specified thresholds with a relatively small institutional-dependence. All institutions passed the ACR image uniformity tests. The largest institutional variability was noted to be for the slice positional accuracy test. The spatial fidelity was calculated to be <1.0 and <2.1 mm within a 100 and a 175 mm radius from the isocenter. Significance. The results from this study can be used to set the tolerances and formal guidelines for MR-linacs imaging quality assurance. Additionally, the multi-institutional data reported in this work will aid in future MR-linac acceptance and commissioning.

Quality control test of fixed x-ray units at Bir hospital and National trauma center

Abstract: One of the important goals of the use of X-rays is to diagnose a disease and its extent and minimizing the adverse effect. In diagnostic X-ray, there is an important issue concerning the quality of the image and the exposure of radiation to the patient. Regular practice of quality control in diagnostic X-ray is essential to provide good quality images, decrease hazard to patients, and enhance the appropriate diagnosis. Quality control tests were carried out at six fixed X-ray units at National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital and National Trauma Center. Parameters like kVp accuracy, timer accuracy, Reproducibility of kV, time and dose, variable mA and radiation output Linearity with the acceptance limits were checked. Radiation leakage, spatial resolution, contrast resolution and field alignment tests were also carried out. Quality control tests of kVp dose, dose rate, HVL, mAs, beam alignment and leakage radiation shows mixed results. The measured values were within limit in four X-ray units. Until now we do not have any regulations in Nepal on acceptance testing of x-ray units after installation. The need for quality assurance of X-ray needs to be taken to avert detrimental effects to patients and staff. Institutes must introduce a mandatory system for acceptance tests of X-ray when installed and alongside regular quality control programs.

Ensuring Compliance of Cemented Radwastes in NZK Containers with the Criteria of Acceptance for Final Disposal

Abstract: In 2018–2020, work was carried out on experimental confirmation of compliance of cemented radioactive waste from blocks 1, 2 of Novovoronezh NPP-2 with the criteria of acceptability for final disposal. The requirements for the volume of technological control of Radwastes are justified. It is shown that compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents is ensured when the salt content of cemented Radwastes is up to 600 g/l. Corrective actions for deviations (the presence of boric acid in cemented Radwastes, complexing substances) are justified.

Reliability Assessment Approach for the Quality of Railroad Subgrade

Abstract: The static load plate test is the standard subgrade acceptance test for new or modernised railway lines. Examinations are performed at regular spacings on the track section and a lack of acceptance for even a single test disqualifies a section, forcing remedial treatments on the whole section. In this paper, a nondeterministic description of stiffness related to the spatial characteristics of acceptance measurement results is proposed for a more rational assessment of substructure quality. The concept is based on geostatistical analysis and one-dimensional distributions of stiffness values. The paper also proposes a new concept of rail infrastructure acceptance based on a reliability index already codified in European standards. The functioning of the postulated criterion is presented on the example of an existing railway line and the actual test results.

Studies on the Principles for Developing In-Service Inspection Acceptance Standards of Reactor Pressure Vessels

Abstract: ASME Code Section XI IWB-3500 gives the acceptance standards for in-service inspection of reactor pressure vessels, according to which the acceptable ratios of depth-to-thickness (a/t) varies along with depth-to-length ratios (a/l) for defects detected by nondestructive examination of reactor pressure vessels during the in-service stage. The acceptance standards are established based on fracture mechanics and five principal safety criteria as per EPRI NP-1406-SR, among which the safety margin between “allowable indication” in ASME Code Section XI and maximum postulated defects meeting ASME Code Section III fracture mechanics requirements is of most concern. The establishment of the acceptance standards can facilitate the development of new allowable indication standards to determine the component’s adequacy for continued service.

Qualification of SAS4A/SASSYS-1 for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Authorization and Licensing: Final CRADA Report

Abstract: of any liquid-metal-cooled nuclear reactor, the acceptance testing described in this document focuses on the verification of SAS capabilities as they relate to pool-type Sodium Fast Reactors (SFRs). This report includes documentation of the test problem definition, analytical solution(s), computational solution(s), acceptance criteria, comparisons of analytical/computational solutions, and determination of acceptance of the computational solution(s). Deviations from acceptance criteria are noted.

PACT Module Design Acceptance Criteria (Industry).

Abstract: For the PACT center to both develop testing protocols and provide service to the metal halide perovskite (MHP) PV community, PACT will seek modules (mini and full-sized) for testing purposes. To ensure both safety and high-quality samples PACT publishes acceptance criteria to define the minimum characteristics of modules the center will accept for testing. These criteria help to ensure we are accepting technologies that are compatible with our technical facilities and testing equipment and can transition to large scale commercial manufacturing. This module design acceptance criteria document is for industry partners and is different from the acceptance criteria for research partners (academia, national laboratories) partners.

Hybrids acceptance tools for the CMS Phase-2 Tracker Upgrade

Abstract: Abstract Up to fifty thousand front-end and service hybrids are required for the CMS Outer Tracker Phase-2 Upgrade. These hybrids, which are built on carbon fibre stiffened circuits and contain several flip-chip ASICs, will be glued in module structures, making repairs almost impossible. Due to their complexity, testing within production is a very important aspect. A multiplexed testing infrastructure, based on custom crates and test cards, is presented. This testing hardware is supported by software tools to enable the exhaustive verification of hybrids at the manufacturing sites and for their acceptance within the collaboration.

The Interplay of Subjective Quality Evaluation, Prototyping Technologies and the User's Technology Acceptance

Abstract: Abstract Subjective product quality is a fundamental aspect to maintain a high level of user acceptance and to provide a good user experience. Prototypes can be used to evaluate subjective product quality in early design phases. We conducted an empirical study to examine the influence of different (re)presentations of prototypes determined by the chosen technology (2D image, VR, AR, 3D print) and the user's technology acceptance. Based on the results we recommend 2D images as most reliable for evaluating subjective product quality.

Acceptance criteria for products according to the cone calorimeter

Abstract: The international standard ISO 5660 Cone Calorimeter test is widely used in fire research and for modeling, but not so often in legislation or requirements on products. The available acceptance criteria for products in different countries and codes have therefore been compiled and are presented in tables. Some research studies have also been included. There are several national standards with different designation based on ISO 5660 for fire testing according to the Cone Calorimeter, for example, ASTM E1354 in the US, AS/NZS 3837 in Australia, and New Zealand. Part 1 is most used and heat exposure at 50 kW/m2 is preferred in research and for expressing acceptance criteria, see Table 1. In a few cases, heat exposure at 25 kW/m2 is utilized, see Table 2. Part 4 uses a larger cone heater and allows larger specimens 150 × 150 mm compared to 100 × 100 mm for the other parts. National versions of ISO 5660-4 are used in Canada as CAN/ULC-S135 and in the US as ASTM E2965. New Zealand A separate standard on mass loss rate is also available as ISO 17554. It may be used for industry production control. Acceptance criteria for general classification of building products are used in New Zealand as direct test data, see Table 1. Australia uses indices based on Cone Calorimeter data, and direct test data only for Bushfire resisting timber, see Table 2. The codes IBC and IFC use acceptance criteria for special products like water resistive barriers, children's playground structures, and plastic rubbish containers. The same is true for the NFPA standards 1, 101 and 5000. In the European standard EN 16755 and in New Zealand, the Cone Calorimeter is used specifically for fire retardant treated wood products before and after weathering, see Table 1. The main parameter used in acceptance criteria is peak heat release rate (HRR) in kW/m2. For non-combustibility total heat release (THR) in MJ/m2 is added in Japan and Korea. Canada and NFPA 220 use THR for non-combustibility but measured at different heat exposures and slightly different cone heaters, see Table 3. Table 4 presents two research studies with the aim to determine acceptance criteria based on extensive fire testing. The study by Wade aimed at creating performance-based criteria and is used as background verification for the legislation in New Zealand and the one by Tsantaridis et al focused on wood products. Fire retardant wood products Euroclass B Fire retardant wood products Euroclass C Wood products Euroclass D Thanks to Marc Alam, Jungmin Choi, Christian Dagenais, Mark Dietenberger, Andrew Dunn, Marc Janssens, Koichi Yoshida, Jason Smart, Kuma Sumathipala, Yongho Yoo and Colleen Wade for useful information. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Bayesian Prediction for Staged Testing Procedures

Abstract: Multiple analytical procedures commonly applied to measure pharmaceutical product quality follow a “staged” or “tiered” approach. In these tests, the first stage criteria are the strictest; if the product meets the acceptance criteria defined by the first stage, testing is complete. Otherwise, the assessment continues to the next stage(s), which specify additional acceptance criteria. Typical statistical techniques used to assess the capability of a process to meet acceptance criteria fall short for these testing schemes due to the conditional nature of the stages and the multiple, correlated tests within some stages. In contrast, the flexibility of a Bayesian approach can provide an elegant and intuitive solution to this complex structure by estimating the individual and combined probability of success at each stage, in addition to easily incorporating multiple variance components such as the within/between sample and within/between manufacturing batch.

Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Abstract: This guide covers guidelines for the acceptance testing requirements for geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) materials, describing types of tests, test methods, and recommended verifications and is intended to aid purchasers, installers, contractors, owners, operators, designers and agencies in establishing a minimum level of effort for product acceptance testing and verification. This guide suggests the types of tests, the methods of the testing, and verification requirements for acceptance testing of GCL materials. It should be recognized that parties, organizations or representatives may perform additional tests and/or at other frequencies than required in this standard guide. In this case, the project-specific acceptance plan will then take precedence over this standard guide. Different properties such as clay mass per unit area, swell index, fluid loss, grab tensile strength, tensile strength, density and thickness of geomembrane support, and bonding peel strength shall be determined by subjecting the material to different test methods.

Testing

Abstract: This chapter addresses the various types of testing that should be used for various IT work efforts or projects. The amount of testing and choices of types of testing are decided upon and based on the size and effort of the work effort. The work efforts addressed are maintenance of a program, as little as a one line coding change, to very large projects and to systems completely being rewritten. The work effortsWork effort(s) will also include emergency changesEmergency changes. We will be looking at unit testing, integration testing, system testing, regression testing, parallel testing, pilot testing, user acceptance testing as well as test plans, test cases and test results. You could easily drown if your projects are not adequately tested. Go slowly but thoughtfully, thoroughly and carefully.