Showing papers on "Battle published in 2011"

Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World-Class Excellence

Abstract: University rankings have gained popularity around the world and are now a significant factor shaping reputation. This second edition updates Ellen Hazelkorn's first comprehensive study of rankings from a global perspective, drawing in new original research and extensive analysis. It is essential reading for policymakers, managers and scholars.

The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality

Abstract: List of Illustrations ix Preface. Ineluctable Visualities xiii Acknowledgments xvii Introduction. The Right to Look, or, How to Think With and Against Visuality 1 Visualizing Visuality 35 1. Oversight: The Ordering of Slavery 48 2. The Modern Imaginary: Anti-Slavery Revolutions and the Right to Existence 77 Puerto Rican Counterpoint I 117 3. Visuality: Authority and War 123 4. Abolition Realism: Reality, Realisms, and Revolution 155 Puerto Rican Counterpoint II 188 5. Imperial Visuality and Countervisuality, Ancient and Modern 196 6. Anti-Fascist Neorealisms: North-South and the Permanent Battle for Algiers 232 Mexican-Spanish Counterpoint 271 7. Global Counterinsurgency and the Crisis of Visuality 277 Notes 311 Bibliography 343 Index 373

Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World-Class Excellence

Abstract: University rankings have gained popularity worldwide because they appear to fulfil demands by students, parents, policymakers, employers, and other stakeholders for information and transparency. They are often equated with quality, and are now a significant factor shaping institutional reputation. Today, there are eleven global rankings, experiencing varying degrees of popularity, reliability and trustworthiness, and national rankings in over 40 countries. Despite their popularity, how much do we really know and understand about the influence and impact of rankings?

A Free Irresponsible Press: Wikileaks and the Battle Over the Soul of the Networked Fourth Estate

Abstract: The article tells the story about how Wikileaks emerged and was welcomed as a part of the fourth estate in 2006 and later, especially in 2010, was subject of a multi-system attack by both public and private actors. Wikileaks is part of the new, networked fourth estate, which is likely to combine elements of both traditional and novel forms of news media. e networked fourth estate is needlessly attacked by traditional media, but there is no reason to think that the latter is more professional and responsible than the former. e future of the fourth estate is likely a new model of cooperation between traditional and networked models, but the transition to this new model will likely be anything but smooth.

Master Narratives of Islamist Extremism

Abstract: What is a Master Narrative? The Pharaoh The Jahiliyyah The Battle of Badr The Hypocrites The Battle of Khaybar The Battle of Karbala The Mahdi The Infidel Invaders Shaytan's Handiwork 1924 The Nakba 72 Virgins Conclusion: Strategic Communication

International Olympic Committee consensus statement on the health and fitness of young people through physical activity and sport

Abstract: The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recognises the health and fitness benefits of physical activity (PA) and sport as stated in recommendation #51 from the Olympic Movement in Society Congress held in Copenhagen, 2009: Everyone involved in the Olympic Movement must become more aware of the fundamental importance of Physical Activity and sport for a healthy lifestyle, not least in the growing battle against obesity, and must reach out to parents and schools as part of a strategy to counter the rising inactivity of young people.1 The IOC assembled an expert group (January 2011) to discuss the role of PA and sport on the health and fitness of young people and to critically evaluate the scientific evidence as a basis for decision making. Specifically, the purpose of this consensus paper is to identify potential solutions through collaboration between sport and existing programmes and to review the research gaps in this field. The ultimate aim of the paper is to provide recommendations for young people's sport and PA stakeholders. After an introduction to the scope of the problem, issues addressed include how best to define the current state of …

The whites of their eyes : the Tea Party's revolution and the battle over American history

Abstract: Foreword by Ruth O'Brien ix Prologue: Party Like It's 1773 1 Chapter 1: Ye Olde Media 20 Chapter 2: The Book of Ages 43 Chapter 3: How to Commit Revolution 70 Chapter 4: The Past upon Its Throne 98 Chapter 5: Your Superexcellent Age 126 Epilogue: Revering America 152 Afterword to the Paperback Edition 167 Acknowledgments 177 Notes 179 Index 209

Great Games, Local Rules

Abstract: How ‘central’ is Central Asia in contemporary world politics and what is the region’s exact strategic importance? Over the last years countless media stories and commentators have resurrected the metaphor of the new ‘Great Game,’ invoking analogies with the high-stakes competition between Russia and Great Britain in the nineteenth century for regional influence and control. In this iteration, the players are different: rather than from London and St. Petersburg, the capital of imperial Russia, the protagonists take orders from Moscow, Washington and, most recently, Beijing. In this framework, Russia, the United States, and China are in a winner-takes-all battle to secure vital strategic interests such as energy resources and access to critical military bases. Moreover, the pendulum in this new Great Game seems to regularly swing back and forth. After the ouster of Kyrgyz President Kurmanbek Bakiyev in April 2010, Moscow was viewed as ascendant in the region, just as the United States was widely credited with orchestrating the so-called Colored Revolutions of the mid-2000s.

Understanding Michael Porter: The Essential Guide to Competition and Strategy

Abstract: Competitive advantage. The value chain. Five forces. Industry structure. Differentiation. Relative cost. If you want to understand how companies achieve and sustain competitive success, Michael Porter's frameworks are the foundation. But while everyone in business may know Porter's name, many managers misunderstand and misuse his concepts. Understanding Michael Porter sets the record straight, providing the first concise, accessible summary of Porter's revolutionary thinking. Written with Porter's full cooperation by Joan Magretta, his former editor at Harvard Business Review, this new book delivers fresh, clear examples to illustrate and update Porter's ideas. Magretta uses her wide business experience to translate Porter's powerful insights into practice and to correct the most common misconceptions about them--for instance, that competition is about being unique, not being the best; that it is a contest over profits, not a battle between rivals; that strategy is about choosing to make some customers unhappy, not being all things to all customers. An added feature is an original Q&A with Porter himself, which includes answers to managers' FAQs. Eminently readable, this book will enable every manager in your organization to grasp Porter's ideas--and swiftly deploy them to drive your company's success.

The Spiritual-Industrial Complex: America's Religious Battle against Communism in the Early Cold War

Abstract: Introduction Part I: Roots Ch : A Colossus of Straw Ch 2: Enemy Part II Mobilization Ch 3: Public Servants Ch 4: Security Analysts, Soldiers, and Propagandists Ch 5: Educators, Media, Big Business, and Citizen Groups Part III Consequences Ch 6: The Renewal, Its Critics, and Its Unraveling Ch 7: The Remains Epilogue Notes Bibliography

War's Waste: Rehabilitation in World War I America

Abstract: With US soldiers stationed around the world and engaged in multiple conflicts, Americans will be forced for the foreseeable future to come to terms with those permanently disabled in battle. At the moment, we accept rehabilitation as the proper social and cultural response to the wounded, swiftly returning injured combatants to their civilian lives. But this was not always the case, as Beth Linker reveals in her provocative new book, "War's Waste". Linker explains how, before entering World War I, the United States sought a way to avoid the enormous cost of providing injured soldiers with pensions, which it had done since the Revolutionary War. Emboldened by their faith in the new social and medical sciences, reformers pushed rehabilitation as a means to 'rebuild' disabled soldiers, relieving the nation of a monetary burden and easing the decision to enter the Great War. Linker's narrative moves from the professional development of orthopedic surgeons and physical therapists to the curative workshops, or hospital spaces where disabled soldiers learned how to repair automobiles as well as their own artificial limbs. The story culminates in the postwar establishment of the Veteran's Administration, one of the greatest legacies to come out of the First World War.

Allende's Chile and the Inter-American Cold War

Abstract: Fidel Castro described Salvador Allende's democratic election as president of Chile in 1970 as the most important revolutionary triumph in Latin America after the Cuban revolution. Yet celebrations were short lived. In Washington, the Nixon administration vowed to destroy Allende's left-wing government while Chilean opposition forces mobilized against him. The result was a battle for Chile that ended in 1973 with a right-wing military coup and a brutal dictatorship lasting nearly twenty years. Tanya Harmer argues that this battle was part of a dynamic inter-American Cold War struggle to determine Latin America's future, shaped more by the contest between Cuba, Chile, the United States, and Brazil than by a conflict between Moscow and Washington. Drawing on firsthand interviews and recently declassified documents from archives in North America, Europe, and South America--including Chile's Foreign Ministry Archive--Harmer provides the most comprehensive account to date of Cuban involvement in Latin America in the early 1970s, Chilean foreign relations during Allende's presidency, Brazil's support for counterrevolution in the Southern Cone, and the Nixon administration's Latin American policies. The Cold War in the Americas, Harmer reveals, is best understood as a multidimensional struggle, involving peoples and ideas from across the hemisphere.

Bombshells: Women and Terror

Abstract: Terrorism is considered the ultimate “weapon of the weak”. Groups that could not possibly succeed using conventional tactics on the battlefield employ unconventional means to strike terror behind the battle lines. Increasingly, however, the “weakest” members of society, notably women and children, have been drawn into the fray as operatives. Once an occasional occurrence, the use of women is growing at an alarming rate. Using female recruits provides the terrorist organizations with a comparative advantage, particularly the element of surprise. At the same time, this strategy damages the psychological well being and morale of the soldiers opposing them. Soldiers have been trained to protect the civilian population. US Army doctrine specifies that, “preserving noncombatant lives and dignity is central to mission accomplishment in counterinsurgency” (Lt. Col. Perez in The embedded morality in FM 3-24 Counterinsurgency, Military Review, 32) The requirement to shoot people that soldiers are ordinarily trained to protect can have deep psychological impact disproportionate to killing adult men. This often results in higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and battle fatigue. The upsurge in female suicide bombers has occurred across a variety of nationalistic and secular groups but has also spread to the conservative religious terror networks. This article assesses the growing phenomenon of female terrorists and looks at the different roles that women play in terrorist organizations. It also analyzes the different mechanisms for women’s mobilization and briefly discusses whether women are coerced or are willing participants in terrorist violence.

Rule Britannia: Nationalism, Identity and the Modern Olympic Games

Abstract: 1 Prologue: An Indifferent Beginning 2 Lighting the Olympic Flame 3 A British Olympics 4 The Battle of Shepherds Bush 5 "A Tale of National Disaster" 6 The Empire Savers 7 "Olympic Games are an International Farce" 8 "Olympic Games Doomed" 9 The Curse of the Shamateur 10 Epilogue: Britannia Overruled

Testing Clausewitz: Nationalism, Mass Mobilization, and the Severity of War

Abstract: Drawing on Clausewitz's classical theory, we argue that the emergence of mass nationalism following the French Revolution profoundly altered the nature of the units constituting the interstate system, thereby transforming the conduct of interstate warfare. To validate these assertions—and thus to test Clausewitz—we rely on quantitative evidence at the macro level, with a particular focus on the global distribution of interstate war sizes, measured in terms of battle deaths, over the past five centuries. Drawing on extreme value theory, we demonstrate that temporal discontinuities in the shapes of the tails of such distributions can be used to draw inferences about the nature of the mechanisms underlying the bloodiest events in world history. This approach allows us to show that the interstate system experienced a fundamental shift in the mechanisms underlying the production of war sizes: a shift that can be dated to the years 1770–1810, and that resulted in a systematic increase in war severity. These same tools also allow us to rule out a number of alternative explanations for this shift (including changes in population sizes and changes in weapons technology), while providing evidence for a specific account of war severity rooted in the mobilizational capacities of states.

Toward a New Theory of Internal Colonialism

Abstract: In debating the question “Whence Black Studies?” the framework within which we define our history and ourselves is critically important. I originally engaged the intellectual battle over internal c...

Anzac and Empire: George Foster Pearce and the Foundations of Australian Defence

Abstract: List of illustrations and tables Acknowledgments Introduction 1. 'We, too, have hopes and ambitions', 1870-1909 2. Building the Framework, 1910-1913 3. War, 1914 4. 'One of the great battle stories of the British Empire', 1915 5. Conscription and the Labor Split, 1916 6. The disastrous department, 1917 7. 'Pearce is doomed!', 1918 8. London and Washington, 1919-1922 9. Rearmament, 1922-1952 Notes Bibliography Index.

No Man's Land: Jamaican Guestworkers in America and the Global History of Deportable Labor

Abstract: Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 Chapter One: Guestworkers of the World, Unite! You Have Nothing to Lose but Your Passport, Your Visa, Your Immigration Status 12 Chapter Two: Everything but a Gun to Their Heads: The Politics of Labor Scarcity and the Birth of World War II Guestworker Programs 22 Chapter Three:"Stir It Up": Jamaican Guestworkers in the Promised Land 50 Chapter Four: John Bull Meets Jim Crow: Jamaican Guestworkers in the Wartime South 67 Chapter Five: The Race to the Bottom: Making Wartime Temporary Worker Programs Permanent and Private 86 Chapter Six: A Riotous Success: Guestworkers, "Illegal Immigrants," and the Promise of Managed Migration 110 Chapter Seven: The Worst Job in the World: The Cuban Revolution, the War on Poverty, and the Secret Rebellion in Florida's Cane Fields 135 Chapter Eight: Takin' It to the Courts: Legal Services, the UFW, and the Battle for the Worst Jobs in the World 172 Chapter Nine: "For All Those Bending Years": IRCA, the Dog War, and the Campaign for Legal Status 202 Chapter Ten: All the World's a Workplace: Guestworkers at the Turn of the Twenty-first Century 227 Conclusion 236 Notes 245 Bibliography 295 Index 323

School Wars: The Battle for Britain's Education

Abstract: School Wars tells the story of the struggle for Britain's education system. Established during the 1960s and based on the progressive ideal of good schools for all, the comprehensive system has over the past decades come under sustained attack from successive governments. From the poorest comprehensives to the most well-resourced independent schools, School Wars takes a forensic look at the inequalities of our current system, the damaging impact of spending cuts, the rise of "free schools" and the growth of the private sector in education. Melissa Benn explores, too, the dangerous example of US education reform, where privatization, punitive accountability and the rise of charter schools have intensified social, economic and ethnic divisions. The policies of successive British governments have been muddled and confused, but one thing is clear: that the relentless application of market principles signals a fundamental shift from the ideal of quality education as a public good, to education as market-controlled commodity. Benn ends by outlining some key principles for restoring strong educational values within a fair, non-selective public education system.

Counterstrike: The Untold Story of America's Secret Campaign Against Al Qaeda

Abstract: In "Counterstrike", Eric Schmitt and Thom Shanker of "The New York Times" tell the story of how a group of analysts within the Pentagon, at spy agencies, and in law enforcement have devised and carried out an innovative and effective new strategy to fight terrorism, unbeknownst to most and in sharp contrast to the war-mongering and cowboy slogans that characterized the U.S. government's public posture. Adapting themes from the classic deterrence theory that worked so effectively during the cold war, these strategies have expanded the field of battle in order to disrupt jihadist networks in ever more creative ways.

Using Virtual Environments to Tell the Story: "The Battle of Thermopylae"

Abstract: Virtual environments have been valued as being extremely motivating for learners and therefore are employed as an innovative, more accessible framework to deliver education and entertainment to the public. Recent advances in creating videogame applications imbedded with effective learning principles, along with the evolution of human computer interfaces performed within the entertainment industry, suggests that a combination of successful practices in these areas could potentially transform virtual environments to a significant educational tool that could facilitate the learning process. This paper describes a virtual reality exhibit implemented for the museum of Thermopylae located at the site of the original battle, near the city of Lamia in Greece. We utilized storytelling techniques and principles of modern videogames to disseminate historical knowledge about the battle and the associated legends. After describing the hardware and software components comprising this installation we elaborate over the educational techniques designed to reinforce the strength of virtual reality technology as a mean of designing educational experiences in the context of historical events.

International governance of autonomous military robots

Abstract: Military technology is a field driven by change – the constant pursuit to be better, faster, stronger. Certain technological achievements like guns and planes have happened in the purview of the public and have revolutionized the world of war as we know it. Yet many technological changes have occurred under the radar, in military labs and private test fields, with the majority of citizens unaware of the leaps and bounds of progress. Robotics is one such modern military technology advancement that has largely escaped public attention to date. Combining the most advanced electronic, computer, surveillance and weapons technologies, the robots of today have extraordinary capabilities and are quickly changing the landscape of battle and dynamics of war. One of the most important achievements has been the creation of robots with autonomous decision-making capability.2 In particular, the development of autonomous robots capable of exerting lethal

Defence and peace economics : a review of recent advances and future directions in the quantitative literature on civil war

Abstract: Why is it important to study civil war? Five reasons have been suggested: 'civil war is widespread; it causes tremendous suffering; it almost always affects and involves neighboring states, thereby undermining regional stability; it often engages the interests of distant powers and international organizations; and efforts to deal with the problems posed by internal conflict are in the process of being reassessed by policymakers at the national level and in regional and international organizations'. Some of the reasons are certainly valid and provide good motivations for the study of civil war. It is certainly true that civil wars do engage the interests of distant powers and they sometimes engage the efforts of international and regional organizations. It is also true that they cause massive human suffering and impact negatively on economic development and political stability. However, it is interesting to note that the common perception of civil wars as widespread is less true today than several decades ago. Peaking interest in the academic study of civil war has coincided with a sharp decline in the incidence of new civil wars globally. While some wars have lasted several decades, new civil war starts have dropped appreciably since 1994. All major regions of the world have roughly followed this pattern with a peak in civil war occurrence around 1994.

Mightier than the Sword: Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Battle for America

Abstract: Uncle Tom's Cabin is likely the most influential novel ever written by an American. In a fitting tribute to the two hundredth anniversary of Harriet Beecher Stowe's birth, Bancroft Prize-winning historian David S. Reynolds reveals her book's impact not only on the abolitionist movement and the American Civil War but also on worldwide events, including the end of serfdom in Russia, down to its influence in the twentieth century. He explores how both Stowe's background as the daughter in a famously intellectual family of preachers and her religious visions were fundamental to the novel. And he demonstrates why the book was beloved by millions-and won over even some southerners-while fueling lasting conflicts over the meaning of America. Although vilified over the years as often as praised, it has remained a cultural landmark, proliferating in the form of plays, songs, films, and merchandise-a rich legacy that has both fed and contested American racial stereotypes.

Military Adaptation in War: With Fear of Change

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction: the background to military adaptation 2. The historical framework of adaptation 3. Complex adaptation: the Western front 1914-1918 4. Flawed adaptation: German adaptation and the opening battles of World War II 5. The battle for the British Isles: June 1940-May 1941 6. Adaptation in the air war: RAF bomber command and Luftwaffe's air defenses (15 May 1940 to 7 May 1945) 7. The 1973 Yom Kippur War 8. Conclusion: adaptation and the future.

Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America

Abstract: Gunfight promises to be a seminal work in its examination of America's four-centuries-long political battle over gun control and the right to bear arms In the tradition of Gideon's Trumpet, Adam Winkler uses the landmark 2008 case District of Columbia v Heller, which invalidated a law banning handguns in the nation's capital, as a springboard for a groundbreaking historical narrative From the Founding Fathers and the Second Amendment to the origins of the Klan, ironically as a gun control organization, the debate over guns has always generated controversy Whether examining the Black Panthers' role in provoking the modern gun rights movement or Ronald Reagan's efforts to curtail gun ownership, Winkler brilliantly weaves together the dramatic stories of gun rights advocates and gun control lobbyists, providing often unexpected insights into the venomous debate that now cleaves our nation

The Euro: The Battle for the New Global Currency

Abstract: This book takes a look at the tumultuous history of the Euro, its status in global economics and politics, and the pressures that present enormous challenges for the Euro's future. This new edition has been fully updated to cover the dramatic events of 2010-2011, including Ireland and Greece's debt crises and the continuing tension between France and Germany over the future of the Euro.

The battle over the FCC Blue Book: determining the role of broadcast media in a democratic society, 1945-8

Abstract: During the 1940s a media reform movement of grassroots activists and a progressive Federal Communication Commission (FCC) emerged to challenge the commercial interests consolidating control of US m...