Showing papers on "Building information modeling published in 2009"

Historic building information modelling (HBIM)

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this research is to outline in detail the procedure of remote data capture using laser scanning and the subsequent processing required in order to identify a new methodology for creating full engineering drawings (orthographic and 3D models) from laser scan and image survey data for historic structures.Design/methodology/approach – Historic building information modelling (HBIM) is proposed as a new system of modelling historic structures; the HBIM process begins with remote collection of survey data using a terrestrial laser scanner combined with digital cameras. A range of software programs is then used to combine the image and scan data.Findings – Meshing of the point cloud followed by texturing from the image data creates a framework for the creation of a 3D model. Mapping of BIM objects onto the 3D surface model is the final stage in the reverse engineering process, creating full 2D and 3D models including detail behind the object's surface concerning its methods of constructi...

Building Information Modeling: A Strategic Implementation Guide for Architects, Engineers, Constructors, and Real Estate Asset Managers

Abstract: The optimal approach to design, build, operate, and maintain buildings With this strategic guide to building information modeling (BIM), youll learn how to implement this new technology as part of a comprehensive systems approach to the design, construction, management, operation, maintenance, and use of buildings. The authors, among the leading experts and pioneers in BIM, show you how BIM supports more streamlined, integrated, and efficient business processes throughout the life cycle of buildings, from their initial conception through their eventual retirement or reuse. The result is better quality buildings, lower construction and operating costs, shorter project turnaround times, and a higher quality of building information to support better business decisions. Moreover, they set forth a plan for incorporating BIM into every organizations existing workflows, enabling you to take full advantage of all the benefits that BIM offers. Everything you need to implement a BIM approach is set forth in detail, including: The business case for BIM, demonstrating how it can improve collaboration, facilitate better design and construction, optimize workflow, and help reduce risk Guidance for meeting the challenges of BIM such as an entrenched business culture, the proliferation of BIM tools, and the uneven rates of BIM adoption The big picture view showing how your organization can work with business partners and fit into the building life cycle in a BIM-enabled industry Throughout the book, sample documents and figures help you better understand the principles of BIM and how it works in practice. In addition, first-hand accounts show you exactly how adopters of BIM have gained a competitive edge. Architects, engineers, constructors, building owners, and facility managers can turn to this book to realize the full potential of BIM and radically improve the way buildings are designed, built, operated, and maintained.

Ifcowl: A case of transforming express schemas into ontologies

Abstract: Ontologies have been successfully applied as a semantic enabler of communication between both users and applications in fragmented, heterogeneous multinational business environments. In this paper we discuss the underlying principles, their current implementation status, and most importantly, their applicability to problems in the building information modeling domain. We introduce the development of an ontology for the building and construction sector based on the industry foundation classes. We discuss several approaches of lifting modeling information that is based on the express family of languages for data modeling onto a logically rigid and semantically enhanced ontological level encoded in the W3C Ontology Web Language. We exemplify the added value of such formal notation of building models by providing several examples where generic query and reasoning algorithms can be applied to problems that otherwise have to be manually hard-wired into applications for processing building information. Furthermore, we show how the underlying resource description framework and the set of technologies evolving around it can be tailored to the need of distributed collaborative work in the building and construction industry.

Building information modelling demystified: does it make business sense to adopt BIM?

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to inform project management practice on the business benefits of building information modelling (BIM) adoption.Design/methodology/approach – BIM needs to compete against well‐ingrained methods to deliver projects in a fragmented and rather traditional industry. This paper investigates 47 value propositions for the adoption of BIM under a multiple case study investigation carried out in Australia and Hong Kong. The selected case study projects included a range of public (1) and private (4) sector building developments of small and large‐scale. Findings are coded, interpreted and synthesised in order to identify the challenges and business drivers, and the paper focuses mainly on challenges and benefits for architectural and engineering consultants, contractors and steel fabricators. As a condition for the selection criteria all case studies had to be collaborating by sharing BIM data between two or more consultants/stakeholders. As practices cannot afford to ignore B...

Visualization of Work Flow to Support Lean Construction

Abstract: Implementation of advanced production management techniques, such as lean construction concepts like filtering of work packages to stabilize work flows, pull flow of teams and materials, and in-process quality control, demands effective and timely flows of information both to and from the workface. The key requirement—making the process state transparent to all participants—is more difficult to achieve in construction than in manufacturing, because work crews move continuously within a physical environment that is itself changing. Novel computer-aided visualization tools can fulfill the needs that simpler tools, such as Kanban cards, fulfill in manufacturing. Two prototypes with user interfaces designed to facilitate process flow have been devised and implemented within the context of building information modeling (BIM) software systems. They demonstrate aspects of the synergy between BIM and lean construction. Given the dynamic and dispersed physical environments and the fractured contracting arrangements typical of construction, BIM-based visualization interfaces are important tools for providing process transparency.

Model interoperability in building information modelling

Abstract: The exchange of design models in the design and construction industry is evolving away from 2-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) and paper towards semantically-rich 3-dimensional digital models. This approach, known as Building Information Modelling (BIM), is anticipated to become the primary means of information exchange between the various parties involved in construction projects. From a technical perspective, the domain represents an interesting study in model-based interoperability, since the models are large and complex, and the industry is one in which collaboration is a vital part of business. In this paper, we present our experiences using the industry standard IFC data modelling format for exchanging design models between various tools, and in implementing tools which consume IFC models. The information dependencies within existing analysis software will be used to illustrate the complexities of the information requirements, set within the context of real projects undertaken in a major project oce. We report on the successes and challenges in these endeavours, as the industry endeavours to move further towards fully digitized information exchange.

Paradigm Trajectories of Building Information Modeling Practice in Project Networks

Abstract: Researchers have examined building information modeling (BIM), or parametric three-dimensional computer-aided design, from a myriad of technological perspectives. Many of these studies focus on examining or enhancing the interoperability of building information modeling technologies across project networks. The interoperability of business practices that must complement technological interoperability has been largely ignored. In this paper we examine building information modeling practice paradigms in project networks. We combine qualitative and quantitative data and analytical approaches to investigate 26 specific cases of firms using BIM tools. We identify four distinct practice paradigms and then induce an evolutionary model for building information modeling practice paradigm trajectories in project networks. The findings highlight the importance of understanding and developing interorganizational work practices to reap the benefits of building information modeling.

Towards Defining a Framework for Automatic Generation of Buildings in CityGML Using Building Information Models

Abstract: Increased demand for tools that allow merging of Building Information Models with GIS models is observed in the last several years. Professionals from both domains are looking for solutions to seamlessly integrate such models for various purposes such as, building and construction analysis, urban planning, tourism, cadastre, homeland security, etc. Researchers suggested that the best approach for such integration is harmonised semantics, which will allow formal mappings between the design (BIM) and real world (GIS) models. Although many geometric models have been developed in both domains, the number of semantic models is relatively few. Two most prominent semantic models in the design and real worlds are currently IFC and CityGML. Several studies demonstrate the transfer of information from IFC models into the CityGML but the literature is lacking a formal and descriptive framework for automatic generation of buildings in CityGML using the IFC models. This paper presents preliminary ideas for defining a semantic mapping, which will allow automatic transformations between the two models.

BIM for Sustainability Analyses

Abstract: Buildings consume close to 40% of total energy used in the United States and account for 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. With the rising cost of energy and growing environmental concerns, the demand for sustainable buildings with minimal environmental impact is increasing. The most effective decisions related to the sustainable design of a building can be made in the early design and preconstruction stages. In this context, Building Information Modeling (BIM) can aid in performing complex building performance analyses to ensure an optimized sustainable building design. This research project investigated the viability of BIM-based sustainability analyses. The objectives were: 1) determination of current state and benefits of BIM-based sustainability analyses; 2) evaluation of various building performance analyses softwares; and 3) development of a conceptual framework to illustrate the use of BIM for sustainability analyses throughout the project life-cycle. Necessary data were collected via a questionnai...

Handbook of Research on Building Information Modeling and Construction Informatics: Concepts and Technologies

Abstract: The Handbook of Research on Building Information Modeling and Construction Informatics: Concepts and Technologies addresses the problems related to information integration and interoperability throughout the lifecycle of a building. This Handbook of Research provides comprehensive coverage and definitions of the most important issues, concepts, trends, and technologies within the field.

Evaluating industry perceptions of building information modelling (BIM) impact on construction

Abstract: SUMMARY: This research assessed perceptions about the impact of the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on construction projects through data collection in three surveys. Survey questions centered on impact with respect to six primary construction key performance indicators (KPIs) commonly used in the construction industry as accepted metrics for assessing job performance. These include: quality control (rework), on-time completion, cost, safety (lost man-hours), dollars/unit (square feet) performed, and units (square feet) per man hour. Qualitative data was collected through a survey instrument intended to assess practitioners’ perceptions about BIM impacts on the six Key Performance Indicators. The first survey was targeted at National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Facility Information Council (FIC) National BIM Standard (NBIMS) committee members. The survey results indicated that the respondents felt that a BIM-based approach improves construction metrics compared to construction without BIM. Specifically, the highest three ranking KPIs in order of most favorable responses were quality, on time completion, and units per man hour. The second tier of favorable responses included overall cost and cost per unit.

Evaluating The Impact Of Building Information Modeling (BIM) On Construction

Abstract: This research assessed perceptions about the impact of the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on construction projects. Survey questions centered on impact with respect to six primary construction key performance indicators (KPIs) commonly used in the construction industry as accepted metrics for assessing job performance. These include: quality control (rework), on-time completion, cost, safety (lost manhours), dollars/unit (square feet) performed, and units (square feet) per man hour. Qualitative data was collected through a survey instrument intended to assess practitioners’ perceptions about BIM impacts on the six Key Performance Indicators. The survey was targeted at National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Facility Information Council (FIC) National BIM Standard (NBIMS) committee members. The survey, with a response rate of 50 completed surveys, showed preliminary results indicating that the NIBS FIC NBIMS members felt that a BIMbased approach improves construction metrics compared to construction without BIM. Specifically, the highest three ranking KPIs in order of most favorable responses were quality, on time completion, and units per man hour. The second tier of favorable responses included overall cost and cost per unit. Finally, only 46%, or less than half, of the respondents thought that construction safety was improved through BIM.

Lifecycle management of facilities components using radio frequency identification and building information model

Abstract: The AECOO industry is highly fragmented; therefore, efficient information sharing and exchange between various players are evidently needed. Furthermore, the information about facility components should be managed throughout the lifecycle and be easily accessible for all players in the AECOO industry. BIM is emerging as a method of creating, sharing, exchanging and managing the information throughout the lifecycle between all the stakeholders. RFID, on the other hand, has emerged as an automatic data collection and information storage technology, and has been used in different applications in AECOO. This research proposes permanently attaching RFID tags to facility components where the memory of the tags is populated with accumulated lifecycle information of the components taken from a standard BIM database. This information is used to enhance different processes throughout the lifecycle. In addition, this research suggests storing other types of BIM information (e.g., floor plans) on RFID tags which is not necessarily related to the components themselves. Having BIM data chunks stored on tags provides a distributed database of BIM and allows data access for different players who do not have real-time access to a central database. In this research, a conceptual RFID-based system structure and data storage/retrieval design are elaborated. The value adding benefits and scope of impact of the proposed approach are discussed. To explore the technical feasibility of the proposed approach, two case studies have been implemented and tested.

BIM's Impact on the Success Measures of Construction Projects

Abstract: Building Information Modeling (BIM) is described by many as a solution to a number of inefficiencies in the construction industry. BIM is considered a new IT tool that implements new processes based collaboration between stakeholders. However, BIM’s adoption has been slow due to the ambiguity surrounding its definition, purpose and business value. A survey of 202 Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) professionals was administered to gain an understanding of the prevalent definition of BIM and to identify BIM’s perceived impact on the success measures of construction projects. Overall, the survey results showed that BIM was most frequently perceived of as a tool for visualizing and coordinating AEC work and avoiding errors and omissions and improving the productivity, schedule, safety, cost and quality of construction projects. The results of chi-square tests showed that the combination of an individual’s professional affiliation (defined by the survey group) and specific aspects of the individual’s age, education and organizational role had a statistically significant relationship. Additional chi-square test showed that the perception of BIM’s impact on one success measure (i.e. productivity, schedule, safety, cost or quality) was significantly associated with the perceptions of the other success measures. In particular, BIM was found to have the strongest perceived positive impact on the quality, cost and schedule of construction projects. The study’s findings assist in clarifying the ambiguity surrounding BIM and identifying the mutual benefits from adopting BIM. This in turn supports the required stakeholder collaboration essential for BIM’s long-term success.

Analysis framework for the interaction between lean construction and building information modelling

Abstract: Building with Building Information Modelling (BIM) changes design and production processes. But can BIM be used to support process changes designed according to lean production and lean construction principles? To begin to answer this question we provide a conceptual analysis of the interaction of lean construction and BIM for improving construction. This was investigated by compiling a detailed listing of lean construction principles and BIM functionalities which are relevant from this perspective. These were drawn from a detailed literature survey. A research framework for analysis of the interaction between lean and BIM was then compiled. The goal of the framework is to both guide and stimulate research; as such, the approach adopted up to this point is constructive. Ongoing research has identified 55 such interactions, the majority of which show positive synergy between the two.

Towards implementation of building information modelling in the construction industry

Abstract: The construction industry has been facing a paradigm shift to (i) increase; productivity, efficiency, infrastructure value, quality and sustainability, (ii) reduce; lifecycle costs, lead times and duplications. It is advocated that most of them can be obtained through BIM (Building Information Modelling). It can be defined as the use of the ICT technologies to streamline the building lifecycle processes of a building and its surroundings, to provide a safer and more productive environment for its occupants; and to assert the least possible environmental impact from its existence; and be more operationally efficient for its owners throughout the building lifecycle. A research study has been carried out to investigate how BIM solutions are implemented by construction stakeholders in the UK, and for this matter investigated on whether a variety of methods being implemented by other countries such as Finland. The study focused on determining key strengths and identifying the challenges involved in implementing BIM in the country. This study was performed by surveys carried out in the UK with the UK construction stakeholders and by interviews carried out in Finland with Finnish construction practitioners and academics. This also captures many other similar studies been conducted by individuals, research groups and organisations around the world during last five years and such content have integrated within this paper as relevant.

A Research Outlook for Real-Time Project Information Management by Integrating Advanced Field Data Acquisition Systems and Building Information Modeling

Abstract: The paper aims to investigate the current research gaps in the application of advanced field data acquisition technologies (e.g. 3D Laser Scanning and Radio Frequency Identification) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. It starts with an overview of past research done in the area and outlines the processes required to implement these tools. It provides a discussion on related challenges and presents a discussion on potential applications of these tools. The paper suggests an outlook for integrating these systems and Building Information Modeling (BIM) for real-time project information management as a response to the industry's low productivity rates.

Automated Assessment of Early Concept Designs

Abstract: Building information modelling (BIM) is a powerful tool for clients and architects alike, particularly when clients have ongoing complex programmatic requirements. Chuck Eastman describes how with his team* at the AEC Integration Laboratory at the College of Architecture at the Georgia Institute of Technology he was commissioned by the US federal government's General Service Administration (GSA) to automate the design guidelines for all US courthouses in such a way that preliminary designs by architects could be assessed and checked against specific criteria. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

BIM-enabled Integrated Optimization Tool for LEED Decisions

Abstract: Presented at the 4th Annual Undergraduate Research Spring Symposium, April 1, 2009 in Room 301 of the Georgia Tech Student Center.

Early Design Energy Analysis Using BIMs (Building Information Models)

Abstract: An emerging area of interest within the A/E/C industry is designing sustainable buildings, as evidenced by the increasing use of the US Green Building Council (USGBC) LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) green building rating system. This research utilized Building Information Modeling (BIM) for energy analysis during the conceptual design phase. Most building energy analyses are conducted late in the design by energy analysts. This paper describes a process of exploring different energy saving alternatives in early design using 3D-CAD (computer aided design)/BIM technology. The recommended process allows project teams to utilize BIM models in energy simulations and compare results quickly. In order to test the feasibility of the proposed approach, a prototype energy modeling process was developed and tested on a new construction project, the Community Emergency Service Station at Fort Bragg, North Carolina with a team led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The energy modeling process was applied to explore different building envelope and equipment scenarios to enable energy conscious decisions early in the design process when they make the biggest impact on building life cycle costs.

Delivering BIM to the UK Market

Abstract: Technology has developed dramatically over the past five and particularly three decades. The way we live our lives has changed and is set to change ever more with the effects this technology has on our planet’s environment. Construction is one of the world’s oldest industries and has been slow to adapt and change with the arrival of these developing technologies. For example, it has been nearly two decades since Building Information Modelling (BIM) was first mooted and we still await significant adoption. The UK picture is further burdened with a fragmented supply chain, slow consolidation and generally low investment in the industry. However, BIM is not CAD. It is so much more; like the move from old accounting packages to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), it includes the formal management of processes on a consistent, repeatable basis. Like ERP, this is a very difficult transition to make. The product vendors have not helped through creating a confused market, with patchy product capability and no process management tools available on a scalable production basis. Furthermore, the construction industry’s approach to contracts, training and education also need attention if it is to deliver this operating model. However, the key questions are: does it work and is it worth pursuing in the competitive UK market? The answer to both questions is yes, but it is important to be aware of what is involved, to understand the evolution and to take sensible steps to achieve the reward. The focus of this chapter is to begin exploring the issues towards the delivery of BIM to the UK construction market sector.

BIM-based Site Layout and Safety Planning

Abstract: This paper deals with the opportunities building information modelling (BIM) offers in supporting occupational safety in construction projects. The main focus is in BIMbased site layout planning and visualization. The paper demonstrates BIM-based site layout planning and the usability of the model. The main findings concerning the modelling tools available and the requirements for BIMbased site planning are also described. Additionally, the potential of 4Dsimulation in safety planning is presented. The paper is grounded in the research project called SafetyBIM: Building Information Model (BIM) promoting safety in the construction site process. The main objective of the research project was to encourage and develop utilization of BIM technology in construction planning and management from the viewpoint of occupational safety. In the project, the potential of the building information model in safety management was studied, 3D site planning objects were collected and created, and BIM-based building site modelling and visualization tests were carried out using data from an completed building project. Additionally, the object library was tested and developed further in an ongoing BIM-based site planning pilot project. As a result, there is the first version of a site planning object library available for use in building projects. In addition, the needs, ideas and potential of BIM-based safety management were surveyed by workshops with industry representatives. BIM-based Site Layout and Safety Planning 126 Utilization of BIM technology connects safety more closely to construction planning, provides more illustrative site layout plans, effectively supports communication, and finally promotes occupational safety on building sites. From the viewpoint of occupational safety, the 4D production model enables visualization of safety arrangements in construction projects at different moments of time. This can be used for example in safety planning, day-to-day safety communications and managing changing situations. However, more experience and knowledge are needed concerning 4D safety simulation as well as further development of modelling tools such as object libraries to broaden the use of the BIM-based safety planning in the design-build process.

Scope of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in India

Abstract: The design communication is gradually being changed from 2D based to integrated 3D digital interface. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a model-based design concept, in which buildings will be built virtually before they get built out in the field, where data models organized for complete integration of all relevant factors in the building lifecycle which also manages the information exchange between the AEC (Architects, Engineers, Contractors) professionals, to strengthen the interaction between the design team. BIM is a shared knowledge about the information for decisions making during its lifecycle. There’s still much to be learned about the opportunities and implications of this tool. This paper deals with the status check of BIM application in India, to do that a survey has been designed to check the acceptance of BIM till date, while this application is widely accepted throughout the industry in many countries for managing project information with capabilities for cost control and facilities management.

A SWOT analysis on the implementation of Building Information Models within the geospatial environment

Abstract: Building Information Models as product models and Building Information Modelling as a process which supports information management throughout the lifecycle of a building are becoming more widely used in the Architecture/Engineering/Construction (AEC) industry. In order to facilitate various urban management tasks (such as evacuation operations) and several processes of the construction life cycle(such as site selection) through better automation, information related to buildings needs to be represented in the geospatial environment, i.e. in form of geospatial information. Recent research in the field demonstrated that Building Information Models can be used as the information source when transferring building information into the geospatial environment. In fact although recent efforts have been successful in demonstrating the applicability of this information transfer, most of these efforts were not successful in, bringing up the industrial needs for the implementation, presenting the opportunities that the implementation might bring to the AEC and urban management domains and outlining the technical difficulties of the implementation. The review presented in this paper first focuses on outlining the strengths and weaknesses of using BIMs when acquiring building information and transferring it into the geospatial environment. The review later presents opportunities and threats this implementation might bring to AEC and Urban Management domains.

Return on Investment Analysis of Building Information Modeling in Construction

Abstract: Building information modeling (BIM) signifies the creation and use of a three-dimensional virtual model that replicates the design, construction, and operation of a building. This technology's recent emergence and the evolution of virtual design and construction (VDC) in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is fundamentally changing the process by which buildings are designed, constructed, and used for future generations. However, BIM's high initial cost has deterred many industry professionals from putting the technology to practice. In many cases, an owner's acceptance of BIM is crucial to the success of a company's capacity to finance VDC goals. In order to persuade stakeholders to see the potential benefits of paying additional fees, this study presents the possible cost savings of BIM's implementation. The research objectives were to justify the high initial investment of BIM, to encourage a greater commitment to technological advancements in the AEC industry and to convince the general public of BIM's cost savings. A comprehensive literature review was performed to define BIM and its history in the industry, present its quantitative and qualitative benefits, and find similar case studies that have been conducted on the return on investment (ROI) of using BIM. Using a sample of past project data from a medium-sized commercial construction firm, two case studies of varying project types were conducted. In each study, a recently constructed BIM-assisted project was compared to a similar project constructed without BIM. The potential savings to an owner choosing to invest in BIM as an additional service were estimated based on the measurable cost benefits associated with reduced schedule overruns, fewer requests for information (RFIs) and reduced change orders. This research confirmed that BIM is a worthwhile investment for owners. In the two case studies presented, the ROI of BIM varied greatly from 16% to 1654%. Though an owner's decision to invest in BIM should be weighed heavily against the scale and complexity of a project, this research suggests that vast savings may be realized regardless of a project's size. ( en )

Requirements and Evaluation of Standards for Integration of Sensor Data with Building Information Models

Abstract: Nowadays, many buildings are equipped by Building Automation Systems, which utilize numerous sensors acquiring large amounts of data. Such data is useful to assess the performance of existing building systems and hence to support a variety of decisions made during facility operations and maintenance. However, sensor data alone typically does not support analyses of conditions of a facility since there is a need to understand the context under which data is collected. Therefore, data about sensors, and data collected by sensors and the corresponding spatial contextual information from a building information model are required to be analyzed in an integrated way. Although existing standards provide specifications to represent some aspects of sensor metadata (e.g. SensorML) and building information (e.g. IFC), an approach, which integrates information about sensors and building elements, is still needed. In relation to this, the authors first discuss requirements for a model integrating both sensor metadata and building information and then present possible approaches for developing such a model. The discussions include a synthesis and analyses of existing standards for supporting representation of sensor metadata and building information models, and overview of a prototype implemented to generate integrated models of sensors and building information.