Showing papers on "Carnosic acid published in 1997"
TL;DR: Partition coefficient, α-tocopherol, Trolox, carnosol; carnosic acid, methyl carnosate; rosmarinic acid; gallic acid; propyl gallate; catechin; corn oil triglycerides; emulsion; Tween 20 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Keywords: Partition coefficient; antioxidants; α-tocopherol; Trolox; carnosol; carnosic acid; methyl carnosate; rosmarinic acid; gallic acid; propyl gallate; catechin; corn oil triglycerides; emulsion; Tween 20
113 citations
TL;DR: Among the liquid solvents studies, only acetone provided comparable results (73% recovery relative to SC-CO(2) extraction); however, it required decoloration with active carbon prior to HPLC analysis.
Abstract: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and liquid solvent sonication, in combination with two different sample treatments, were compared for the extraction of natural antioxidants from rosemary leaves. Dried, ground, and sieved rosemary leaves (20 mg) were subjected to SFE with CO2 at 355 bar at 100 °C (CO2 density 0.72 g/mL) for 20 min at a liquid flow rate of 4 mL/min. The analytes were concentrated on an ODS trap and subsequently eluted with acetone. Antioxidants in the SF and liquid solvent extract were analyzed by HPLC. Compounds of known antioxidant activity such as carnosol, carnosic acid, and methyl carnosate were identified by mass spectrometry of the HPLC fractions collected. Freezing and grinding the samples in liquid nitrogen resulted in decreased carnosic acid recoveries. Supercritical CO2 extraction provided the highest recovery of carnosic acid from rosemary leaves (35.7 mg/g), the lowest relative standard deviation (4.4%), and the cleanest extractno cleanup prior to HPLC was required. Among ...
104 citations
TL;DR: Natural polyphenols found in rosemary have not only potent antioxidant activities but also anticarcinogenic properties, and some of the molecular mechanisms involved in their chemopreventive action are studied using in vitro human liver and bronchial cell models.
82 citations
TL;DR: The antioxidant activity of these plant phenolics in the HAEC system suggests that they may have potential benefits in human health and the preservation of food lipids.
Abstract: Plant-derived phenolic compounds possess antioxidant activity that may be applicable to such diverse areas as human health and the preservation of food lipids. The potential antioxidant activities of a variety of plant phenolics were investigated using human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to mediate the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmarinic acid, present in rosemary extract, and thymol, carvacrol, and zingerone, present in thyme, origanum, and ginger, were individually incubated with HAEC and LDL for 12 h. The extent of oxidation was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring absorbance (at 234 nm) of conjugated dienes. All antioxidants produced dose-dependent inhibition of LDL oxidation. Their relative antioxidant activities decreased in the order carnosol > carnosic acid ≈ rosmarinic acid >>> thymol > carvacrol > zingerone. The antioxidant activity of these plant phenolics in the HAEC system suggests that they may have potential benefits in human health...
72 citations
Patent•
16 Apr 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a novel process for the production of the natural antioxidant, carnosic acid, by extracting it from rosemary leaves with an aqueous solution of a lower alkyl alcohol in the presence of a water soluble acid is described.
Abstract: A novel process for the production of the natural antioxidant, carnosic acid, by extracting it from rosemary leaves with an aqueous solution of a lower alkyl alcohol in the presence of a water soluble acid is described. The extraction of the carnosic acid is very selective, i.e. very few other chemicals such as pro-oxidants from the plant are extracted. Furthermore, a method for the stabilization of the extracted acid from decomposition and a method of preparing the acid in high concentration are described.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for carnosic acid type diterpenes has been synthesized by an expeditious synthetic route using an expedited synthetic route based on 2.2-Oxo-10-carboxy-8,11,13-podocarpatriene 7.
4 citations
Patent•
16 Apr 1997
TL;DR: In this article, a novel process for the production of the natural antioxidant, carnosic acid, by extracting it from rosemary leaves with an aqueous solution of a lower alkyl alcohol in the presence of a water soluble acid is described.
Abstract: A novel process for the production of the natural antioxidant, carnosic acid, by extracting it from rosemary leaves with an aqueous solution of a lower alkyl alcohol in the presence of a water soluble acid is described. The extraction of the carnosic acid is very selective, i.e. very few other chemicals such as pro-oxidants from the plant are extracted. Furthermore, a method for the stabilization of the extracted acid from decomposition and a method of preparing the acid in high concentration are described.
4 citations
01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: Rosemary has antioxidant activity, inhibits carcinogen-induced cytochrome P450–1A1 activity, and induces glutathione S-transferase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced (NADPH): quinone oxidoreductase activity, which may explain its inhibitory effects on skin, forestomach, lung, colon, and mammary carcinogenesis.
Abstract: The dried leaves of the plant Rosmarinus officinalis L. have high antioxidant activity and are commonly used as a spice and flavoring agent. The dried powdered extract of rosemary leaves (rosemary) contains about 16.5% ursolic acid, 3.8%-4.6% carnosol, and 0.1%-0.5% carnosic acid. Topical application of rosemary to the backs of mice inhibits 12–0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced short-term biochemical marker changes (e.g., inflammation, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and hyperplasia) as well as TPA-induced long-term effects (tumor promotion) in mouse epidermis. Topical application of rosemary to mice also inhibits the formation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-DNA adducts and tumor initiation by B[a]P and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in the epidermis. Feeding rosemary in the diet inhibits B[a]P-induced forestomach and lung tumorigenesis, azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis, and DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice, and it also inhibits the formation of DMBA-DNA adducts and DMBA-induced mammary gland tumorigenesis in rats. Rosemary (a) has antioxidant activity, (b) inhibits carcinogen-induced cytochrome P450–1A1 activity, and (c) induces glutathione S-transferase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced (NADPH): quinone oxidoreductase activity. These activities may explain its inhibitory effects on skin, forestomach, lung, colon, and mammary carcinogenesis.
2 citations