Showing papers on "Character (mathematics) published in 1968"

Early Memories and Character Structure

Abstract: (1968). Early Memories and Character Structure. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 303-316.

Syntax-Directed Recognition of Hand-Printed Two-Dimensional Mathematics

Abstract: Research in the real-time recognition of hand-printed characters [1--5] offers the possibility of drawing mathematical expressions on a RAND Tablet [6] or similar input device, and obtaining a list of the characters and their positions in an x-, y-coordinate system. This paper discusses the use of a set of replacement rules to recognize, or "parse," such two-dimensional configurations of characters. The replacement rules might be considered to be a generalization of the context-free Backus Normal Form rules used to describe a class of syntaxes for character strings.

Correspondences of characters for relatively prime operator groups.

Abstract: Let G be a finite group and let A be a finite solvable operator group on G. Suppose that A and G have relatively prime orders. Let T be the fixed-point subgroup of G with respect to A. We say that A fixes a complex character ζ of G if ζ (g α) = ζ (g) for all g ∈ G and α ϵ A. Our aim in this paper is to define a one-to-one correspondence between the irreducible characters of T and those irreducible characters of G that are fixed by A, and to prove some properties of this correspondence that were mentioned in (8).

An α-d-galactosyltransferase associated with the blood-group B character

Abstract: The blood-group substances in human secretions with immunological specificities related to the A, B, H and Lea antigens on the erythrocyte surface are glycoproteins having a major carbohydrate component. Blood-group specificity is associated with the nature, sequence and linkage of the sugar residues at the non-reducing ends of the oligosaccharide chains in the glycoproteins (cf. Morgan, 1965; Watkins, 1966). The release of N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine from A substance and of D-galactose from B substance leads respectively to the loss of the correspondingA and B serological activities and to the exposure in both substances of H specific structures. This evidence, together with other biochemical, serological and genetical data, led to the formulation of schemes for the biosynthesis of blood-group substances in which the role of the blood-group genes was envisaged as the production of enzymes that control the addition of sugar units to the growing chains in a glycoprotein macromolecule, or to low-molecular-weight carbohydrate intermediate units that are subsequently incorporated into the macromolecules (Watkins, 1958, 1967; Watkins & Morgan, 1959). On the basis of these predictions the primary products of the A and B genes are a-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyland a-D-galactosyl-transferases respectively that require the presence of the non-reducing end structure of

Equilibrium configurations of a shallow arch of arbitrary shape and their dynamic stability character

Abstract: The behavior of a shallow arch is inherently non-linear. Offered here is an exact and complete analysis which allows us to determine all the possible equilibrium configurations and their dynamic stability character. The arch may be of any arbitrary shape. Both simply-supported and clamped end conditions are treated. The results have immediate applications to the snap-through stability of arches when subjected to impulsive loads or time-varying loads of finite duration.

Effect of Variation of the Bimolecular Rate Constant with Chain Length on the Statistical Character of Condensation Polymers

Abstract: In this paper we investigate the effect of variation of the bimolecular rate constant with chain length on the statistical character of condensation polymers. The problem in general is too complicated to permit even an approximate solution. Nevertheless, for the case where the rate constant varies linearly with chain length, expressions for the various quantities of interest can be deduced. These results, apart from showing certain quantitative features characteristic of the assumed variation, enable us to draw certain general conclusions. Finally we examine some available experimental data in the light of our theoretical results.

Experiments with various techniques of numerical taxonomy.

Abstract: Using morphological data from a group of parasitic mites, tests were run to determine the effect on a numerical classification of modifications in technique, involving standardized vs. unstandardized characters, exemplar substitutions, increase in exemplar size, size of group studied and the inclusion of NC (= No Comparison) character values. The results of a test of the hypothesis of non-specificity are also described. During a recent, numerical taxonomic study of the mite family Dermanyssidae sensu Radovsky (1966), including the genera Dermanyssus Duges and Liponyssoides Hirst (Moss, 1966a, b; 1967; 1968; Moss and Radovsky, 1967; Sokal and Sneath, 1963) a number of interesting questions pertaining to numerical methodology were investigated as adjuncts to the main study. These peripheral studies involved different combinations of data and individuals. Similarity matrices of average phenetic distance (d) and Pearson's product-moment correlation (r) from these studies were computed and later clustered, using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Average Linkage (UPGA). This latter method was used in view of its demonstrated superiority over the other methods of cluster analysis that were available in the numerical taxonomy program currently in use at The University of Kansas (NTSYS: Rohlf and Kishpaugh, 1966). Phenograms obtained from UPGA cluster analysis were compared with each other and with the results of the original, 135 character x 17 OTU2 study (Figs. 1 & 2). ' Contribution Number 1348 from the Department of Entomology of The University of Kansas. This paper is from a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The thesis was the recipient of the H. B. Hungerford Memorial Award for excellence in research for the year 1966. 2 Operational Taxonomic Unit (Sokal and Sneath, 1963). In the context of the present study, an individual specimen. The effects of the following modifications of technique were investigated: a) standardization vs. non-standardization of characters b) exemplar substitutions c) size of exemplar (in terms of hypothetical exemplars) d) clustering of smaller groups e) inclusion of NC (= No Comparison) values. In addition, a test of the hypothesis of non-specificity was carried out. MODIFICATIONS OF TECHNIQUE Standardization vs. Non-Standardization. -It has been customary in recent numerical studies (e.g., Rohlf, 1963; Rohlf and Sokal, 1965) to standardize characters, treating each character prior to the computation of similarity coefficients so that the character values for each character have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. In this manner, the contribution made by character values from different characters may be meaningfully compared from one OTU to the next. In addition, this treatment helps to ensure equal character contribution to the study, preventing characters with extremely large values from exerting more influence than those with smaller values and, in other words, bringing about equal "weighting" of characters. In the present study, similarity values based on unstandardized characters yielded the phenograms shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The correlation between standardized vs.

Comments on the character structure and psychodynamic processes of heroin addicts.

Abstract: Based on performance on a newly developed biographical personality assessment test and on psychopharmacological and psychiatric observations, character trends of heroin addicts and underlying psych...

Sex and selection for a quantitative character in Drosophila. I. Single-sex selection.

Abstract: Selection for abdominal bristle number was done in six lines, three with selection in females only and three in males only_ Selection was equally effective (for a given selection differential) when carried out in either sex, even though more than one-third of the additive genetic variation was sex linked_ Most response in a given sex was found in the treatment selected in that sex. Relaxed lines failed to show fluctuating scores in the two sexes as predicted by Griffing (1965). Epistatic decay may have masked these effects.

Unitary and Uniformly Bounded Representations of the Two by Two Unimodular Group Over Local Fields

Abstract: Introduction. In this paper, we study unitary and uniformly bounded representations of the group G= SL(2,K) of two by two matrices of determinant 1 over a locally compact, totally disconnected, non-discrete field K. We obtain results similar to those obtained by Kunze and Stein in [8], [9] for SL(2,R) and SL(n,C) and by the author in [13] for the universal covering group of SL(2,R). The unitary representations with which we are primarily concerned are the principal series and complementary series of irreducible unitary representations of G. We also deal with the so-called "special representation" which has no direct analogue in the classical situation. These representations have recently received the attention of several authors ([2], [3], [4], [11], [12], [16]). We also note the occurrence of the "special representation" in the paper of Ihara [6] (pp. 229-230). In ? 1, we summarize the basic results of harmonic analysis on K which we require for the rest of the paper. Some of these results are well-known and others are taken from [15] where a more detailed treatment may be found. In ? 2, we discuss the principal series of representations of G. These representations are indexed by the unitary characters on K*. After summarizing the standard construction of these representations in L2 (K), we show that the principal series can also be realized as operators in L2(CU), where CT is the analogue of the unit circle in the complex plane. More precisely, if L = K ( Vr) is a ramified quadratic extension of K, then CT is the kernel of the norm from L to K. Here v denotes a generator of the valuation ideal in K. This is similar to the original construction of Bargmann [1] for SL(2,R) which was also utilized by the author in [13]. In this picture, it turns out that, for any character on L* (not necessarily unitary), we obtain a representation of G by bounded operators on L2(CT). The group CT is isomorphic to the subgroup of G defined by

Optical character recognition system and method

Abstract: A system and method for identifying an unknown character by superimposing two coherent light beams containing diffraction patterns of an unknown and a reference character. The two light beams have either different phase or frequency so that the diffraction patterns generate a beat frequency in areas where they overlap. When the reference and unknown characters are identical, there is total overlap of the two diffraction patterns and the beat frequency intensity of the overlapped patterns is a maximum. When the reference and unknown characters are dissimilar, the intensity of the beat frequency is less than a maximum; the actual value depending upon the degree of similarity. a detector tuned to beat frequency provides an output indicative of the correlation between the unknown and reference characters.

Character and the Arts and Disciplines

Abstract: C HARACTER iS in part natural and modified by natural causes; it is in part acquired and developed. What a person is depends on antecedent abilities, sensitivities, and inclinations, and on the circumstances and associations, customs, laws, and institutions which have influenced his life and growth. Acquired character becomes second nature at each point of development; and the beginning point of the delineation or the determination of character may be set at any stage: for particular purposes of analysis, it may be prenatal, or a turning point in early childhood, or one of the numerous ages taken to mark maturity, or the moment immediately proximate to the actions under consideration. Education in a broad sense includes all external influences on the formation of character. In a more restricted sense, it is limited to deliberate devices used to influence attitudes, impulses, and skills relative to values and according to norms set by social opinion, political ideology, technical fashion, and religious belief, or by partial heterogeneous mergings among them. More than two thousand years ago, Theophrastus prefaced his work, The Characters, with the explanation that he had often wondered why, although all Greece had the same climate and all Greeks had the same kind of education, all Greeks did not have the same structure (taxis) of character traits (tropos). To satisfy that curiosity, he started to study human nature (physis) and to distinguish and compare kinds of dispositions. From the beginning, the study of character has had a comparative and normative basis; and from the beginning, it has apparently been easier or more interesting to study frustrations, anxieties, and pretensions than to study achievements, sufficiencies, and virtues. Theophrastus planned to investigate good and bad dispositions, but his work as it has come to us analyzes thirty bad characters, and we have no evidence that he had extended his investigation to good characters. The aspects of character which have presented themselves for study are well identified by the words chosen to designate them. \"Character\" means the impress or stamp, borrowed from the minting of coins, by which types are differentiated and classified. \"Ethos\" refers to the structure of feelings, motives, and conceptualizations by which actions are caused and to which responsibility for their effects is imputed. \"Tropism\" has acquired a primarily biological meaning, but \"tropos\" also meant the turn of character formed by the influence of common opinion and received values in a community. \"Person\" is probably derived from drama and from the mask of the actor, since in life, as on the stage, characters are perceived or imaged in presentation to viewers and audiences. There have been as many conceptions of education as there have been theories of character. The adjustments of personality theory to learning theory are confused and puzzling unless the two sets of theories are ordered by relating comparable and concordant con-