Showing papers on "Chemical decomposition published in 1978"
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP) has been investigated in different gas atmospheres by simultaneous thermogravimetry, pyrolysis, combined gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and IR analysis.
31 citations
TL;DR: The experimental applications of the previously introduced theoretical models were used to calculate the kinetic parameters of desolvation, chemical degradation and phase transformation of five compounds of different chemical structures as discussed by the authors.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it has been shown that the formation of sulfuric acid was most important for heterolytic decomposition in the presence of both zinc O,O-diisobutyl dithiophosphate and bis(O,O)-disulfide disulfide.
Abstract: Cumyl hydroperoxide has been decomposed using zinc O,O-diisobutyl dithiophosphate. The decomposition reaction consisted of three stages including the first homolytic decomposition and the last heterolytic decomposition. These decomposition modes depended considerably on the relative concentration of the complex to the hydroperoxide and the total concentration. From these results and on the basis of decomposition reaction in the presence of both zinc O,O-diisobutyl dithiophosphate and bis(O,O-diisobutoxyphosphonothioyl) disulfide, it has been shown that the formation of sulfuric acid was most important for heterolytic decomposition.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used dynamic thermogravimetry to study the chemical kinetics of solid-state decomposition reactions of four selected crystalline amino acids, L-serine, Llysine, l-phenylalanine, and l-cysteine.
14 citations
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the number of chain scission was found to depend upon only the amount of phenylhydrazine, independent of that of iron(II) chloride, indicating that phenylHydrazine plays the leading part of the phenylhazine-iron-II chloride system in the degradation.
Abstract: Degradation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene by phenylhydrazine-iron(II) chloride system was investigated in benzene solution at 30 °C in the air. Separate use of the two chemicals was much less effective for degradation. The number of chain scission was found to depend upon only the amount of phenylhydrazine, independent of that of iron(II) chloride, indicating that phenylhydrazine plays the leading part of the phenylhydrazine-iron(II) chloride system in the degradation. When iron(III) chloride was used instead of iron(II) chloride, the degradation became slower, but the number of chain scission was not significantly affected.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared laser induced decomposition of mixtures of ethyl acetate and isopropyl bromide has been studied and the results indicate clearly that in these systems non-equilibrium behavior is found up to the highest pressures used (about one atmosphere).
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new synthesis of thioketens is described by the gas-phase thermolysis of the 4- or 5-substituted isothiazoles.
Abstract: A new synthesis of thioketens is described by the gas-phase thermolysis of the 4- or 5-substituted isothiazoles (1)–(3). It is believed that the reactions may involve thioxocarbenes (8) or thiirens (9) as short-lived intermediates. A scheme for the reaction mechanism is proposed in the light of result of chemical trapping experiments and the activation parameters found.
6 citations
Patent•
15 Jul 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, a metal hydride is decomposed to decompose it, and then a metal is reacted with the metal produced by the decomposition reaction to obtain heat energy.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To acquire high temp. heat energy form low temp. heat energy efficiently by heating a metal hydride to decompose it, pressurizing H2 gas generated utilizing hydrogenation and decomposition reactions of obther matal, and thereafter reacting it with metal produced by the decomposition reaction.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the photochemistry of Co(NH3)5NO2+2 in water or water/ethanol solutions has been attempted using a number of triplet energy donors.
TL;DR: In the presence of iron(II) chloride, phenylhydrazine rapidly absorbed an equimolar amount of oxygen and evolved an equinear amount of nitrogen as mentioned in this paper, and the molecular weight of the polymer decreased during the oxygen absorption, and the scission efficiency was 0.14-0.26.
Abstract: Absorption of oxygen and degradation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene by the phenylhydrazine–iron(II) chloride system was investigated at 30°C in connection with the mechanism of reclamation of vulcanized rubbers by the system. In the presence of iron(II) chloride, phenylhydrazine rapidly absorbed an equimolar amount of oxygen and evolved an equimolar amount of nitrogen. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixture showed the presence of benzene, phenol, and biphenyl in 37%, 35–60%, and 4–8% yields, respectively, based on phenylhydrazine. When cis-1,4-polyisoprene was added to the reaction mixture, additional absorption of oxygen was observed. Molecular weight of the polymer decreased during the oxygen absorption, and the scission efficiency (i.e., number of mole scissions/mole oxygen) was 0.14–0.26.
TL;DR: In this article, by means of a thermobalance the decomposition reactions of gallium, indium, bismuth, copper and of the thiohypodiphosphates of cadmium, manganese, lead, and tin were determined in order to find their stability regions.
Patent•
14 Aug 1978TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define a cathode having as its cathode-active material one or more compounds selected from (i) those having the formula: (NH4)xMoZy, wherein Z is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, sulfur-selenium mixtures, sulfuroxygen mixtures and SEINMixtures, wherein x is a numerical value of about 2.
Abstract: U.S. 883,919 U (b) a cathode having as its cathode-active material one or more compounds selected from (i) those having the formula: (NH4)xMoZy wherein Z is a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, sulfur-selenium mixtures, sulfur-oxygen mixtures and selenium-oxygen mixtures, wherein x is a numerical value of about 2, and wherein y is a numerical value of about 4; (ii) compounds of the above formula wherein one or more hydrogens is substituted with a radical selected from alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and alkyl amine radicals hav-ing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; (iii) those having the formula: (NH3-R-NH3)MoZy wherein R is a methylene radical or a polymethylene radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and wherein Z and y are as defined; and, (iv) the amorphous decomposition products of one or more compounds of subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) resulting from the decomposition thereof below about 350°C; and, (c) an electrolyte which is chemically inert with respect to said anode and said cathode and which permits the migration of ions between said anode and said cathode. A preferred cathode-active material is one obtained from the thermal or chemical decomposition of ammonium thiomolybdate (NH4)2MoS4.
Patent•
07 Sep 1978
TL;DR: In this article, a special phosphate ester with polyoxyalkylene chains was added to H2O2(soln.) in a limited amount, to inhibit a decomposition reaction of H 2O2.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To decrease loss of H2O2 during storage and transportation of it and simplify handling of it, by adding a special phosphate (phosphite) ester with added polyoxyalkylene chains to H2O2(soln.) in a limited amount, to inhibit a decomposition reaction of H2O2.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new acidic amino acid has been isolated from the hydrolysate of normal human urine and the chemical structure of the amino acid was determined to be α-amino-γ, δ-dihydroxyadipic acid, based on its physical properties involving nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectrometry.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of a constant stretching stress on the kinetics of decomposition of polycarbonate macromolecules during the thermal degradation of benzoyl peroxide has been investigated.
Abstract: The influence of a constant stretching stress on the kinetics of decomposition of the polycarbonate macromolecules during the thermal degradation of benzoyl peroxide has been investigated. The chemical decomposition reaction which takes place in conditions of the benzoyl peroxide degradation in the stressed polymer activates the deformation which results in structural changes of the polymer matrix; the latter process affects the rate of the chemical reaction.
TL;DR: In this article, a new amino acid has been isolated from the normal human urine, which was determined to be α-hydroxy-β-keto-γ-aminobutyric acid.
TL;DR: In this article, the conversion of SO2 into SO3 has been studied during the slow oxidation reaction and the combustion of pentane-air-SO2 mixtures in a static, isothermal chamber.
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal decomposition of perfluoro-di-t-butyl peroxide has been studied for the first time in the gas phase between 5 and 600 torr in the 108-149°C temperature region.
Abstract: The thermal decomposition of perfluoro-di-t-butyl peroxide has been studied for the first time. The reaction was carried out in the gas phase between 5 and 600 torr in the 108-149°C temperature region. The products consisted solely of C2F6 and CF3COCF3. The decomposition was found to be first order and homogeneous. The rate constant is given by log kdecomp(sec−1) = (16.2 ± 1.2) - (148.7 4.4)/2.3RT where R is 0.008314kJ/mol · °K. These Arrhenius parameters are consistent with those determined for the decomposition of di-t-butyl peroxide.
TL;DR: In this article, a thermal decomposition of N-acyl-S,S-diphenylsulfimides(Ia−g) gave easily isocyanates(IIa−G) in high yields, together with diphenyl sulfide, while photolysis of Id afforded the insertion product(III), indicating the formation of singlet nitrene.
Abstract: Thermal decomposition of N-acyl-S,S-diphenylsulfimides(Ia–g) gave easily isocyanates(IIa–g) in high yields, together with diphenyl sulfide, while photolysis of Id afforded the insertion product(III), indicating the formation of singlet nitrene.
TL;DR: The cis-Azoverbindung (IVa) was introduced in this paper, in which KOH in Ethylenglykol auf 160°C was used.
Abstract: Nach 7tagigem Ruckfluskochen entsteht aus dem Dien (I) und dem Azoester (II) das Diels-Alder-Addukt (III), dessen Hydrierung und anschliesende Erwarmung mit KOH in Ethylenglykol auf 160°C die cis-Azoverbindung (IVa) liefert (Ausb. in mg).