Showing papers on "Clinical nutrition published in 1989"

Physicians' and medical students' knowledge of nutrition

Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of nutrition of 184 family practitioners and general internists and 24 first- and second-year medical students before they had received medical school instruction in clinical nutrition. Overall, the physicians answered 69.2% of the questions correctly, a significantly better score than that of the medical students (62.5%, p = .0065). The physicians scored better on topics that have been the most heavily researched (such as diet and coronary heart disease) and worse on less heavily investigated topics (such as diet and cancer, iron absorption). There was no significant difference in overall knowledge in terms of gender or practice. However, a significant negative correlation was found between the number of years since graduation from medical school and respondents' knowledge about nutrition.

Nutritional support of hospitalized patients.

Abstract: Effective nutrition support requires sound knowledge of both basic and clinical nutrition as well as familiarity with products and delivery systems. Metabolic management of most hospitalized dogs and cats is best achieved with enteral nutrition support, using defined enteral products and nutrient modules.

Nutrition and health.

Abstract: Important derences in all-causes mortality and in cardiovascular mortality exist between populations and they cannot be explained by differences in the level of medical care. During the last 20 years important changes have occurred in the level of cardiovascular mortality with an increase in Hungary anda decrease in Japan. These rapid changes in mortality cannot be explained by genetic factors. The epidemiological evidence strongly points towards nutrition and especially to the intake of saturated fat and salt as the major determinant of the existing differences in mortality. Saturated fat also appears to be related to total cancer mortality. A major effort should be directed towards a decrease in the dietary intake of saturated fat by Western populations.

Evaluating an enteral nutrition formulary.

Abstract: Two hundred registered dietitians in health care facilities in the United States were surveyed to ascertain practices in enteral nutrition formulary management. A random selection of members of the Clinical Nutrition Management Dietetic Practice Group of The American Dietetic Association comprised the sample population. The response rate was 74%. The facilities were typically private, nonprofit, acute-care, with a capacity of 201 to 500 beds. Dietetic departments were primarily responsible for procuring, preparing, and distributing enteral nutrition formulas, Physicians, however, primarily initiated orders for formulas. Approximately 15% of hospitalized patients required enteral nutrition formulas, yet modular formulas were rarely used. More than 75% of the facilities utilized enteral nutrition formularies. Ninety-five percent of dietitians believed that establishing objective criteria for evaluating enteral nutrition formulas was important. Cost-containment through decreased product duplication, staff education, inventory management, and quantity ordering advantages were cited as motivating factors in criteria development. Osmolarity, lactose content, and product availability were identified as being the most important criteria in enteral product evaluation. The costs of enteral formulas were included in the standard room rate when the dietetics department was responsible for procuring and supplying enteral formulas. Patients were billed directly when the pharmacy department was responsible for purchasing or supplying enteral products. This study provides data from which a model may be developed to guide health care professionals in enteral formulary decision making.

Nutrition and immunology—Contemporary issues in clinical nutrition II

Abstract: butors from other institutions to provide a balanced picture of childhood motility disorders, and their diagnosis and management. The emphasis is on infancy, but that is only to be expected; for the most part, children are born with these disorders and it is only to be expected that they will be diagnosed in early life. The chapters vary in scope from reviews to accounts of single research projects, but this is the state of the art in this field, and (almost) none of the chapters are dull. The only discordant note in the book is a chapter on 'pro-kinetic drugs' by two authors from the 'Janssen Research Foundation'. Half of the chapter is devoted to the discussion of two drugs (one not yet licensed in the USA, the other neither in the UK nor the USA) that, by an amazing coincidence, are manufactured by a pharmaceutical company that shares the name and address of the research foundation. Perhaps a firmer editorial hand was needed here.... This is a slim volume, but like its topic, the subject is relatively infant. It is the more unfortunate that the price of the book is precociously mature; one can only hope that this will not deter both paediatricians and gastroenterologists from buying this book.

A Structured Approach to Implementing Total Parenteral Nutrition

Abstract: Nutrition plays a crucial role in the management of surgical patients. To be effective, the administration of parenteral nutrition must be rational and consistent. Adherence to a clearly defined algorithm enhances patient care and improves the educational milieu of surgical intensive care.

Nutrition for the elderly.

Abstract: Nutrition in the older person is complex because of changing physiology, changes caused by multiple chronic diseases, changes induced by pharmacologic agents, and commonly, failing protein/caloric intake. This article is designed to explain the mechanisms of these processes and to suggest pragmatic and practical responses in the management of the older patient.