Showing papers on "Content adaptation published in 2004"

Context-aware adaptation for mobile devices

Abstract: This paper discusses the problem of content adaptation for mobile devices. The adaptation considers the context of the client and also the environment where the client request is received. A device independent model is defined and used in order to achieve automatic adaptation of the content based on its semantic and the capabilities of the target device. Our system includes a context description model and a client repository and offers device contexts management and querying functions. The proposed system uses the XQuery language to query the profiles and delivers the results in the form of SOAP services.

Caching strategies in transcoding-enabled proxy systems for streaming media distribution networks

Abstract: With the wide availability of high-speed network access, we are experiencing high quality streaming media delivery over the Internet. The emergence of ubiquitous computing enables mobile users to access the Internet with their laptops, PDAs, or even cell phones. When nomadic users connect to the network via wireless links or phone lines, high quality video transfer can be problematic due to long delay or size mismatch between the application display and the screen. Our proposed solution to this problem is to enable network proxies with the transcoding capability, and hence provide different, appropriate video quality to different network environment. The proxies in our transcoding-enabled caching (TeC) system perform transcoding as well as caching for efficient rich media delivery to heterogeneous network users. This design choice allows us to perform content adaptation at the network edges. We propose three different TeC caching strategies. We describe each algorithm and discuss its merits and shortcomings. We also study how the user access pattern affects the performance of TeC caching algorithms and compare them with other approaches. We evaluate TeC performance by conducting two types of simulation. Our first experiment uses synthesized traces while the other uses real traces derived from an enterprise media server logs. The results indicate that compared with the traditional network caches, with marginal transcoding load, TeC improves the cache effectiveness, decreases the user-perceived latency, and reduces the traffic between the proxy and the content origin server.

Modeling service-based multimedia content adaptation in pervasive computing

Abstract: Pervasive computing applications allow users to access information from anywhere while traveling and using variety of devices Heterogeneity and limitation of resources involved in this application demand adaptation of content according to the current context (device, user, network etc) The dynamic nature of adaptation mechanisms together with emerging opportunities of Web Service technology provides new approach of adaptation which is service-based While this approach would provide a valuable service for the end customer, the service provider, and the content provider, it is important to have an architectural framework which is simple, scalable, flexible and interoperable Moreover, in order to provide a complete service-based content negotiation and adaptation solution, we must have a model, or a tool, that allows defining environmental constraints, mapping them to appropriate adaptation service requirements and finding an optimal service configurationIn this paper, we present service-based content adaptation architecture, enabling the use of third-party adaptation services and a novel content negotiation and adaptation model The proposed architectural framework is validated through a prototype

Methods and systems for adaptive delivery of multimedia contents

Abstract: Methods and systems for generic adaptive multimedia content delivery are described. In one embodiment, a novel framework features an abstract content model and an abstract adaptive delivery decision engine. The abstract content model recognizes important aspects of contents while hiding their physical details from other parts of the framework. The decision engine then makes content adaptation plans based on the abstracted model of the contents and needs little knowledge of any physical details of the actual contents. Thus, under the same framework, adaptive delivery of generic contents is possible.

Replica placement in adaptive content distribution networks

Abstract: Adaptive content networking is a promising new approach aimed at scalable delivery of content to a pervasive client population. By adaptive content delivery networks (A-CDN) content is adapted, replicated and delivered to the clients in a cost-quality-optimized fashion. The integration of content adaptation into CDNs minimizes the interference of adaptation with replication effectiveness.The paper presents ongoing research on replica placement in A-CDNs. Based on a static model for cost-quality-optimized adaptive content networking, algorithms to optimize the placement of replicas in the surrogates of an A-CDN are discussed. The dynamics of a real Web scenario are not explicitly taken into account by the algorithms. Whereas long-term dynamics are dealt with by periodic adjustments of the underlying model and recalculation of an optimal placement, short term dynamics are considered to result in inaccuracies in the system and load model. Therefore, algorithms being tolerant to an imperfect underlying model are chosen.As adaptation path composition turns out to be a subproblem of replica placement in A-CDNs, we also introduce an algorithm for optimal adaptation path composition.

Usable adaptive hypermedia systems

Abstract: Adaptive interfaces have received much criticism because adaptation and automatic assistance generally contradict the principles of direct-manipulation interfaces. In addition, their success depends highly on the ability of user models to capture the goals and needs of the users. As the construction of user models is often based on poor evidence, even the most advanced learning algorithms may fail to infer accurately the user goals. Previous research has put little emphasis on investigating usability problems of adaptive systems and developing interaction techniques that could resolve these problems. This paper examines these problems and presents an interaction model for adaptive hypermedia (AH) that merges adaptive support and direct manipulation. This approach is built upon a new content adaptation technique that derives from fisheye views. This adaptation technique supports incremental and continuous adjustments of the adaptive views of hypermedia documents and balances between focus and context. By combining this technique with visual representations and controllers of user models, we form a twofold interaction model that enables users to move quickly between adaptation and direct control. Two preliminary user studies exhibit the strengths of our proposed interaction model and adaptation technique. Future extensions to our work are outlined based on the weaknesses and limitations that the studies revealed.

Universal access to information services—the need for user information and its relationship to device profiles

Abstract: Users access information services with a variety of devices and with different interaction modes that depend on personal characteristics (including disabilities) and on the context of usage. With the appearance of mobile devices, the industry has focused its efforts on the standardization of device characteristics, thus giving to information providers some content adaptation facilities. However, little attention has been paid to the standardization of user profiles that will allow further customization and adaptation capabilities in mainstream services. This paper will present the authors’ experiences in outlining and implementing user profiles, as well as possible integration paths with device characteristics.

Personalization-Based Optimization of Web Interfaces for Mobile Devices

Abstract: Developing personalized applications for the ubiquitous Web assumes to provide different user interfaces addressing heterogeneous capabilities of device classes. Major problems are the lack of sufficient presentation space and the diversity of interaction techniques, both requiring adaptive intelligent user interfaces. To meet this challenge this paper introduces an approach for the personalization-based optimization of Web interfaces for mobile devices. On the basis of a user model different adaptation issues are discussed. Firstly, static adaptation mechanisms affecting the structure of Web documents as well as layout managers enabling a device independent definition of Web presentations for heterogeneous devices are introduced. Then an interactive mechanism for dynamically predicting user preferences for hiding unnecessary information through content adaptation is presented. As a proof of concept an architecture realized by a pipeline-based document generator was developed for static/dynamic adaptation, which is partly explained in this paper.

Metadata Broadcasting for Personalized Service: A Practical Solution

Abstract: As the number of broadcasting channels and programs increases rapidly, the importance of personalized service has been emphasized. In this paper, we propose a practical framework of metadata broadcasting to provide personalized service according to user preferences and various terminal/network conditions. First, we present an overall system architecture of a metadata broadcasting system and then propose several core technologies (particularly in the parts of metadata authoring, metadata encoding, and metadata-based personalized content consumption). For interoperability, the proposed solution is designed to be compliant with the relevant standards of the TV-Anytime Forum, MPEG-7 Systems, and MPEG-2 Systems. Considering a home network environment, we also propose a metadata-based content adaptation scheme. Each component technology has been implemented individually, integrated into an end-to-end prototype broadcasting system, and successfully tested with a set of personalized service scenarios that are also developed in this study.

FACADE - a framework for context-aware content adaptation and delivery

Abstract: Modern technology promises. mobile users Internet connectivity anytime, anywhere, using any device. However, given the constrained capabilities of mobile devices, the limited bandwidth of wireless networks and the varying personal sphere, effective information access requires the development of new computational patterns. The variety of mobile devices available today makes device-specific authoring of Web content an expensive approach. The problem is further compounded by the heterogeneous nature of the supporting networks and user behaviour. The notions of "typical user" and "typical user behaviour" are no longer applicable for many Internet applications. This research investigates the challenges posed by these problems, and proposes FACADE (FrAmework for Context-aware content Adaptation and DElivery) to bridge the gap between the existing Internet content and today's heterogeneous computing environments. A pilot implementation of a facility for testing and performance evaluation of FACADE is also discussed.

Dynamic multimedia adaptation and updating of media streams with MPEG-21

Abstract: The paper discusses media streaming using dynamic resource adaptation and update as a means of facilitating universal multimedia access (UMA): the concept of accessing multimedia content through a variety of possible schemes (Bormans, J. et al., IEEE Sig. Process. Magazine, 2003). As background, the paper summarizes the most common content negotiation approaches and addresses their facets and problems. MPEG-21, the multimedia framework and its relationship to UMA are then explained. Our primary focus is an end-to-end approach to content adaptation which takes advantage of MPEG-21 to facilitate the UMA concept in a media streaming environment. The concept is validated using a media streaming test-bed which provides for wide adaptation according to broad usage descriptions.

Community-driven adaptation: automatic content adaptation in pervasive environments

Abstract: Mobile devices are increasingly being used to access Web content but lack the resources for proper presentation to the user. To address this problem, content is typically adapted to be more suitable for a mobile environment. Community-driven adaptation (CDA) is a novel approach to automatic content adaptation for mobile devices that adapts content based on feedback from users. CDA groups users into communities based on common characteristics, and assumes that users of the same community have similar adaptation requirements. CDA learns how to adapt content by observing how members of a community alter adapted content to make it more useful to them. Experiments that consider the idealized case, where all users perform the same task, show that CDA can reduce wastage of network bandwidth by up to 90% and requires less user interaction to correct bad adaptation decisions compared with existing approaches to automatic content adaptation.

Content Networking in the Mobile Internet

Abstract: PREFACE. ACRONYMS. 1 CONTENT NETWORKING IN THE MOBILE INTERNET (Sudhir Dixit and Tao Wu). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Content Networking in the Mobile Internet. 1.3 Book Overview. 1.4 Concluding Remarks. 2 MOBILE INTERNET ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW (Harri Holma and Antti Toskala). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Standardization Framework. 2.3 System Architecture and Core Network. 2.4 WCDMA Radio Access Network. 2.4.5 Evolution of WCDMA. 2.6 IS-95 Radio Access. 2.7 GSM/EDGE and WCDMA Operator Performance. 2.8 GSM/EDGE and WCDMA End-User Performance. References. 3 PROTOCOLS FOR THE WEB AND THE MOBILE INTERNET (Mitri Abou-Rizk). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 History of the World Wide Web. 3.3 The Web Today. 3.4 The Future Web. 3.5 HyperText Transfer Protocol. 3.6 Wireless Access Protocol (WAP). References. 4 CONTENT CACHING AND MULTICAST (Dan Li). 4.1 Web-Based Applications. 4.2 Scalable Content Delivery via Multicast and Caching. 4.3 IP Multicast and Reliable Multicast. 4.4 Application Layer Multicast. 4.5 Web Proxy Caching. 4.6 Summary. References. 5 CHARACTERIZING WEB WORKLOAD OF MOBILE CLIENTS (Atul Adya, Paramvir Bahl, and Lili Qiu). 5.1 Overview of Web Workload Characterization. 5.2 Overview of Previous Work. 5.3 Server Architecture and Data Gathering. 5.4 Characterizing Web Browsing Workload. 5.5 Characterizing Notification Workload. 5.6 Correlation between Web Browsing and Notification. 5.7 Comparison between Workload of Wireline Web and Mobile Web. 5.8 Summary. References. 6 ACME: A NEW MOBILE CONTENT DELIVERY ARCHITECTURE (Tao Wu, Sadhna Ahuja, and Sudhir Dixit). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Mobile Content Delivery Techniques and Related Work. 6.3 ACME Performance Analysis. 6.4 Exploiting User Interest Correlation with ACME. 6.5 ACME in Radio Resource Management. 6.6 Conclusions. References. 7 CONTENT ADAPTATION FOR THE MOBILE INTERNET (Stephane Coulombe, Oskari Koskimies, and Guido Grassel). 7.1 Motivation for Adaptation. 7.2 Multimedia Content Types. 7.3 Types of Adaptation. 7.4 Methods of Adaptation. 7.5 Capabilities and Metadata. 7.6 Adaptation Architectures. 7.7 Application Scenarios. 7.8 Standardization and Future Work. References. 8 CONTENT SYNCHRONIZATION (Ganesh Sivaraman). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Why Mobile Devices Need Synchronization. 8.3 Fundamental Principles of Synchronization. 8.4 Adoption of Synchronization for Mobile Devices. 8.5 Synchronization Standard. 8.6 Summary. References. 9 MULTIMEDIA STREAMING IN MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS (Sanjeev Verma, Muhammad Mukarram bin Tariq, Takeshi Yoshimura, and Tao Wu). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 QoS Issues for Streaming Applications. 9.3 Streaming Media Codecs. 9.4 End-to-End Architecture to Provide Streaming Services in Wireless Environments. 9.5 Protocols for Streaming Media Delivery. 9.6 3GPP Packet-Switched Streaming Service. 9.7 Multimedia Services in Mobile and Wireless Environments. 9.8 Conclusions. References. 10 MULTICAST CONTENT DELIVERY FOR MOBILES (Rod Walsh, Antti-Pentti Vainio, and Janne Aaltonen). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Multicast Overview. 10.3 The Generic IP Multicast System. 10.4 IP Datacast (IPDC). 10.5 Multicast in Third-Generation Cellular (MBMS). 10.6 Multicast Content Delivery for Mobiles in Summary and in the Future. References. 11 SECURITY AND DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT FOR MOBILE CONTENT (Deepa Kundur, Heather Yu, and Ching-Yung Lin). 11.1 Introduction to Information Security and DRM Technologies. 11.2 MPEG Intellectual Property Management and Protection. 11.3 Emerging Technologies and Applications. References. 12 CHARGING FOR MOBILE CONTENT (David Banjo). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Fixed-Line Telephony Charging. 12.3 Mobile Telephony Charging. 12.4 Aspects Pertinent to Mobile Content Charging. 12.4.5 Roaming. 12.4.6 Multiple Access. 12.4.7 Source of Charging Records. 12.4.8 Multiple Servers Involved in Delivery. 12.5 Charging Concepts and Mechanisms. 12.6 Charging Interfaces. 12.7 Charging Information. 12.8 Charging Architecture and Scenarios. 12.9 Summary. References. 13 ALGORITHMS AND INFRASTRUCTURES FOR LOCATION-BASED SERVICES (Gang Wu, Xia Gao, and Keisuke Suwa). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Taxonomy of Location. 13.3 Location Estimation Media. 13.4 Location Estimation Algorithms. 13.5 Location Estimation Systems. 13.6 Location Services Based on Cellular Systems. References. 14 FIXED AND MOBILE WEB SERVICES (Michael Mahan). 14.1 Web Services Introduction. 14.2 Web Services Foundation Technologies. 14.3 Conclusion. References. INDEX.

Network friendly media security: rationales, solutions, and open issues

Abstract: Network friendly media security refers to the security technologies that are specifically designed to cope with existing and future multimedia networking infrastructures and technologies so as to ease the deployment and maintain or improve the quality of service performance of multimedia applications. It is especially useful for streaming and mobile multimedia applications where content adaptation is a necessity. In this paper, we analyze the various motivations behind network-friendly security solutions, review some of the most recent approaches, discuss some open issues, and suggest some potential solutions.

A QoS-based framework for distributed content adaptation

Abstract: The tremendous growth of the Internet has introduced a number of interoperability problems for distributed multimedia applications. These problems are related to the heterogeneity of client devices, network connectivity, content formats, and user's preferences. The purpose of this paper is to present a framework for transcoding multimedia streams. The proposed infrastructure takes into consideration the profile of communicating devices, network connectivity, exchanged content format, context description, and available customization services to find a chain of services that could be applied to adapt the content to the required needed format. Part of the framework is a QoS-based selection algorithm that finds the best sequence of adaptation services which can maximize users' satisfaction with the delivered content.

ANMoLe—An Adaptive Multimedia Content Delivery Middleware Architecture for Heterogeneous Mobile Multi-Device Neighborhoods

Abstract: Despite the commercial onslaught of multipurpose portable devices such as integrated mobile phone-PDA combos, the need for multiple devices, with each device performing its own pre-defined and specialized function still exists today. The new generation of internet users has been expeditious in imbibing the new generation of divergent devices for their varying needs—cell phones for voice communication, pagers for text messaging and PDAs for notes. Content sources today assume that the end-device used to retrieve the content has certain minimum pre-defined capabilities. The architecture presented in this paper explores a new realm of content delivery where all the devices in a user's neighborhood of devices are united as a single entity for content delivery. This solution exploits the characteristic capabilities of these individual devices to render the retrieved content for the users or in cases where the target devices are limited in capabilities, modifies the content to suite the capabilities of the device. A comprehensive description of the testbed we have built based on this architecture is also described.

Designing grid services for multimedia streaming in an e-learning environment

Abstract: Next generation e-learning platforms should support cooperative use of geographically distributed computing and educational resources as an aggregated environment to provide new levels of flexibility and extensibility In this overall framework, our activity addresses the definition and implementation of advanced multimedia services for an aggregated grid-based e-learning environment, as well as the design and experimentation of a content distribution and multimedia streaming infrastructure in light of edge device heterogeneity, mobility, content adaptation and scalability In this paper we initially present the general objectives and requirements that we are taking into account in the development of a multimedia access service for an e-learning platform Then we describe a partial system prototype which capitalizes upon traditional features of grid computing like providing access to heterogeneous resources and services of different administrative domains in a transparent and secure way Moreover, our system takes advantage of recent proposals by the Global Grid Forum (GGF) aiming at a standard for service-oriented architectures based on the concept of grid service

View-dependent, scalable texture streaming in 3-D QoS with MPEG-4 visual texture coding

Abstract: Multimedia applications are characterized by high resource demands (computing power, memory, network bandwidth, and power consumption). Efficient implementations aim at reducing these resources to a minimum, which is of the utmost importance for small, low-cost terminals in low-bandwidth networks. Resource savings can also be obtained by content adaptation without impeding the quality of the decoded audio-visual media. In this context, the paper analyzes texture adaptation and streaming for three-dimensional applications, using MPEG-4's Visual Texture Coding tool, in conjunction with eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based description techniques. Augmented features for content adaptation are supported, such as region selection, accompanied by resolution and SNR settings. As a result, quality is optimized for the terminal's computing capabilities and display resolution, taking the user's viewing conditions into account. Moreover, the instantaneous bandwidth utilization is highly reduced in streaming scenarios.

Multi-resolution meshes for multiple target, single content adaptation within the MPEG-21 framework

Abstract: To present three-dimensional data both in heavy and light-weight clients, an adaptation scheme is required. Current state-of-the art research shows promising results for specific purposes but it is still not well adoptable for light-weight clients such as mobile devices. In this research, we present a method for transmitting adapted 3D content to multiple target devices. To accomplish this goal, we devised a clustered representation of a multi-resolution model that is flexible, simple, efficient, and works with the MPEG-21 adaptation mechanism.

New Frontiers in Universal Multimedia Access

Abstract: Universal Multimedia Access (UMA) refers to the ability to access by any user to the desired multimedia content(s) over any type of network with any device from anywhere and anytime. UMA is a key framework for multimedia content delivery service using metadata. This report consists of three parts. The first part of this report analyzes the state-of-the-art technologies in UMA, identifies the key issues and gives what are the new challenges that still remain to be resolved in UMA. The key issues in UMA include the adaptation of multimedia contents to bridge the gap between content creation and consuming, standardized metadata description that facilitates the adaptation (e.g. MPEG-7, MPEG-21 DIA, CC/PP), and UMA system designing considering its target application. The second part introduces our approach towards these challenges; how to jointly adapt multimedia contents including different modalities and balance their presentation in an optimal way. A scheme for adapting audiovisual contents and its metadata (text) to any screen is proposed to provide the best experience in browsing the desired content. The adaptation process is modeled as an optimization problem of the total value of the content provided to the user. The total content value is optimized by jointly controlling the balance between video and metadata presentation, the transformation of the video content, and the amount of the metadata to be presented. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptation scheme enables users to browse audiovisual contents with their metadata optimized to the screen size of their devices. The last part reports some potential UMA applications especially focusing on a universal access application to TV news archives as an example.

Self-aware distributed AV sensor and actuator networks for improved media adaptation

Abstract: Most of the existing research work in the area of media adaptation is concentrated on content adaptation, transcoding and delivery mechanisms without addressing the actual input and output of multimedia data. However, it is the I/O stage of media processing that humans are concerned about. Up until now, most multimedia applications have relied on standalone I/O devices (microphone, headphones, monitor, camera) to capture or render multimedia data. This situation is about to change. Nowadays we are surrounded by a vast number of audio/video (AV) sensors and actuators. They are built into our cellular phones, PDAs, tablets, laptops, and surveillance systems. A natural idea that comes out of this fact is to combine multiple I/O devices into a distributed array of sensors and actuators. The paper shows the feasibility of this idea and shifts media adaptation research away from a single device/stream paradigm towards array multimedia processing. We demonstrate how to transform a network of off-the-shelf devices into a distributed I/O array by providing common time (with tens of microseconds precision) and 3D space coordinates (with a few centimetres precision). We also discuss the implications and potentials of self-calibrating distributed AV-sensor/actuator networks for improved media adaptation.

Format-independent scalable bit-stream adaptation using MPEG-21 DIA

Abstract: Part 7 of MPEG-21 entitled digital item adaptation (DIA), is an emerging metadata standard defining protocols and descriptions enabling content adaptation for a wide variety of networks and terminals, with emphasis on format-independent mechanisms. The DIA descriptions provide a standardized interface not only to a variety of format-specific adaptation engines, but also to a fully format-independent adaptation engine for scalable bit-streams. A format-independent engine contains a decision-taking module operating in a semantics-independent manner, cascaded with a bit-stream adaptation module that uses an XML transformation to model the bit-stream adaptation process using parameters derived from decisions made. In this paper, we describe the DIA descriptions that enable such fully format-independent bit-stream adaptation. Universal adaptation engines substantially reduce the adoption costs because the same infrastructure can be used for different types of scalable media, including proprietary and encrypted.

Dynamic programming based adaptation of multimedia contents in UMA

Abstract: Content adaptation is an effective solution to support the quality of service for multimedia services over heterogeneous networks. This paper deals with the accuracy and the real-time processing, two important issues in making decision on content adaptation. We present the content adaptation as a constrained optimization problem, considering both modality conversion and content scaling. To this problem, we propose an optimal algorithm and a fast approximation based on the Viterbi algorithm of dynamic programming. Through experiments, we show that the proposed algorithms can enable accurate adaptation decisions and can support the real-time requirement.

The multi-model, metadata-driven approach to content and layout adaptation

Abstract: Delivering content adapted to not only an end user’s needs and preferences, but also to their context and environment presents a number of research challenges The multi-modal nature of content delivery coupled with the diversity of interests and requirements of a user means that a large number of techniques and mechanisms may need to be employed to tailor the content delivered However, it is important that the research for related fields should be leveraged to maximum effect This paper introduces the high level techniques employed in Adaptive Hypermedia and in particular focuses on the Multi-model, Metadatadriven approach to Content Adaptation [5] developed in Trinity College, Dublin

Mobile Adaptation Extension of a Digital Learning Tool

Abstract: : Mobile devices have several potential applications in learning and education. These devices can offer new dimensions to the students’ learning processes. LEAP (LEArning Process companion) is a digital learning tool combining the characteristics of digital portfolios with the functionality of creative problem solving. A mobile adaptation extension would enrich the usability of LEAP by bringing it closer to students’ everyday learning context. We analyze the functionality of LEAP from mobile adaptation perspective. We also analyze how content adaptation techniques would suit for the adaptation extension. These techniques, however, are not sufficient for our needs. First, content adaptation techniques are too general. We can only implement adaptation to the static content part of the tool. Secondly, content adaptation techniques do not recognize the user’s context. Hence, the adaptation process should be a combination of content adaptation, task adaptation and context-aware technologies.

System and method for informing a sender of a message of content adaptation and message failure issues

Abstract: A system and method for controlling the content of a message transmitted from a transmitting device to a receiving device When a message is sent from the transmitting device, it is determined whether the receiving device is capable of exhibiting the message without adaptation of the message's content If the receiving device is capable of exhibiting the message without adaptation of the message's content, the receiving device exhibits the message If the receiving device is not capable of exhibiting the message without adaptation of the message's content, the transmitting device is informed that the message could not be exhibited on the receiving device without adaptation of the message's content The receiving device can also be informed what portions cannot be exhibited by the receiving device, and instructions can be provided so that the receiving device does not display the message at all if the message must be adapted

Content adaptivity in wireless web access

Abstract: While the demand for wireless access to web-based systems increases, it becomes apparent that the design of most systems does not support the use of small screen end-devices such as PDAs or mobile phones. However, enabling wireless access should not lead to a duplication of services. Ideally, systems should be adaptive, i.e., be able to adapt themselves to different client needs. This includes coping with bandwidth, memory and power limitations, restricted presentation capabilities and different user profiles. In this paper, several state-of-the-art content adaptation techniques are reviewed. Most of these techniques are based on changes to webpages. As an alternative, we present a new approach based on conceptual abstractions using media types.