Showing papers on "Data management published in 1982"

Principles of information systems for management

Abstract: Principles of information systems for management , Principles of information systems for management , کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان

Metadata Management for Large Statistical Databases

Abstract: Data description or metadata presents a significant database management challenge, particularly for scientific and statistical databases. Ideally, we would llke to access and manipulate data and metadata using the same DBMS tools, but there are few systems that even begin to provide such integrated capabilities. This paper outlines a framework for more integrated metadata management by synthesizing ideas from statistical analysis, bibliographic retrieval, data dictionary, and database management systems. Drawing on experience and examples from a large statistical database project, the paper discusses and analyzes: d general types and uses of data about data * special types of metadata for statistical databases * metadata structure and characteristics * principles and requirements for metadata management

Performance Analysis of Alternative Database Machine Architectures

Abstract: The rapid advances in the development of low-cost computer hardware have led to many proposals for the use of this hardware to improve the performance of database management systems. Usually the design proposals are quite vague about the performance of the system with respect to a given data management application. In this paper we predict the performance of several of the proposed database management machines with respect to several representative INGRES queries. The systems analyzed in this paper include associative disks, RAP, CASSM, DBC, DIRECT, and CAFS. We demonstrate that no one database machine is best for executing all types of queries. We will also show that for one class of queries the degree of performance improvement achieved does not warrant use of a database machine.

Application of Hierarchical Data Structures to Geographical Information Systems.

Abstract: : The purposes of this investigation were twofold: (1) to construct a geographic information system based on the quadtree hierarchical data structure, and (2) to gather statistics to allow the evaluation of the usefulness of this approach in geographic information system organization. To accomplish the above objectives, in Phase I of the project was built that contained three maps supplied under the terms of the contract. These maps described the floodplain, elevation contours, and land use classes of a region in California. In Phase II, a quadtree-based Geographic Information System was partially implemented, allowing manipulation of images which store area, point, and line data. Phase III primarily dealt with enhancements and alterations to this information system package, an evaluation of some of the design decisions, and the collection of empirical results to indicate the utility of the software and to justify the indicated design decisions. Phase IV primarily dealt with developing new structures for storing linear feature data. The attribute attachment package was extended to point and linear feature data. Existing area map algorithms were improved to yield significant efficiency speedups by reducing node accesses. The efficiency of the linear quadtree was compared to that of the pixel array for computation of several important geographic functions. The particular tasks reported on in this document are: (a) Memory management improvements; (b) Database enhancements; (c) Attribute attachment; (d) New linear feature representation; (e) Quadtree/array comparisons.

Data management and model management: a relational synthesis

Abstract: The successful implementation of data base management systems has led to suggestions that similar systems, called model management systems, be developed for decision models to facilitate and control user access to models and to integrate sets of models. This paper compares data management and model management in a relational context and examines an important difference between them: the conspicuous presence of sensitivity analysis in model management and its complete absence in data management. The paper concludes by outlining the salient issues in the integration of data and model management.

Database Alerting Techniques for Office Activities Management

Abstract: In this paper, we approach the problem of office activities management from the database viewpoint. Database alerting techniques are developed to serve the purpose of office activities management. A conceptual framework for office information system design is presented. Simple database alerters and implementation techniques, existential alerters, and time alerters are discussed. An example of journal editing is described in detail. Finally, alerter system stability is discussed.

Interactive image processing with an off-line minicomputer: organization, performance and applications.

Abstract: SUMMARY A recently established facility for interactive image processing is described, primarily from the point of view of the system's hardware organization and the special purpose software provided to support it. The performance of more general software (the ‘Semper’ system) in the new environment has been measured carefully, and found to be about 10 times its performance on our previous PDP 8/E computer; particular attention is given to the data management techniques crucial to the system's efficiency. Some current applications are illustrated, including high resolution image interpretation and image averaging of biological crystals.

Knowledge management: a practical amalgam of knowledge and data base technology

Abstract: This paper describes the central features of a system designed for the management of large amounts of application specific knowledge. The Knowledge Manager(KM-I) employs distinct software and hardware processors to implement: A file of general knowledge and an associated reasoning engine A file of specific knowledge and an associated searching engine We present our reasons for believing why this can be an effective strategy for realizing many practical knowledge based/expert system applications that lie in a large overlapping area between practical AI and advanced data management technology. We then outline the major features and components of the system and discuss the range of intended applications.

A Framework for Research in Database Management for Statistical Analysis.

Abstract: This paper is intended to introduce those familiar with database management issues to the problems of managing large statistical databases. We begin with a characterization of statistical databases based on the structure and use of the data in the database. Several data management problems are then described. In particular, we discuss the problem of repetitive computations on large segments of the database during the lifetime of a statistical analysis. The organization of a data management system which avoids this problem by caching previously computed results and automatically maintaining their integrity is presented. We conclude with a list of problems that this organization raises and a discussion of related work.

Microprocessor Assisted Tuple Access, Decompression and Assembly for Statistical Database Systems

Abstract: A methodology is formulated for determining if a microprocessor-based specialized system is practical for the solution of a problem in an application. This methodology is followed in the description and justification of of a back-end system for use with a statistical database system. The functions to be performed by the back-end system include those related to attribute partitioning, compression, and data access. It is shown that the system designed (the Microprocessor Assist System) will be costeffective in increasing the performance of a statistical data management system.

Mastering Basic Management

Abstract: An Introduction to Management The Purpose and Nature of Management The Directors Objectives and Policy Short-Range and Long-Range Forecasting Planning Corporate and Strategic Planning Organisation (1) Organisation (2) Command or Direction Co-ordination Control Motivation Communication in the Organisation Communication and People The Manager Functional Mangement The Marketing Function The Production Function The Purchasing Function The Research and Development Function The Finance Function The Personnel Function Management Support Services The Manager and Change

The role and application of data base management in integrated computer-aided design

Abstract: The need to marshal the extensive data that figure in design problems is underlined. An approach to managing engineering data for use in a computerized integrated design system is described. The approach is embodied in an experimental integrated software system that is used to demonstrate and evaluate such data management functions as storage, retrieval, query, manipulation, and modification. The development and organization of the experimental integrated design system and the application of the system to selected test problems are discussed, together with insights into data management issues gained from the study.

Contributions of the management sciences to the evolution of management information systems

Abstract: The "management sciences" concern disciplines that identify, extend, or unify scientific knowledge pertaining to the process and substance of management. The field of management science is often closely allied with the area called operations research through common analytical methods and models. The application and implementation of management science recognizes well the behavioral and economic realities of management practice in organizations. During the past twenty-five years, the management sciences and management's use of information systems technology have evolved together. In this survey we highlight three aspects of this mutual evolution: first, as a basis for enunciating and understanding issues involved in theory and practice; second, as providing tools and techniques to solve managerial and technical problems related to MIS design and development; and third, as a component of "MIS technology" available for application and use.

A framework for research in database management for statistical analysis or a primer on statistical database management problems for computer scientists

Abstract: This paper is intended to introduce those familiar with database management issues to the problems of managing large statistical databases. We begin with a characterization of statistical databases based on the structure and use of the data in the database. Several data management problems are then described. In particular, we discuss the problem of repetitive computations on large segments of the database during the lifetime of a statistical analysis. The organization of a data management system which avoids this problem by caching previously computed results and automatically maintaining their integrity is presented. We conclude with a list of problems that this organization raises and a discussion of related work.

Image Management In The System CA/1

Abstract: Picture archiving and communication by computers needs not only support by the appropriate hardware, but also requires sophisticated software structures, if the needs of a clinical user are to be met in a consistent and flexible way. In the system CA/1 the problem oriented language PROFI-ll is used to implement the necessary structures for data management and communication with the user. This paper gives a short description of the system CA/l, the language PROFI-ll, the implemented data and communication structures and as an example its application for analysis and management of image sequences in digital radiography.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Technology, methodology & information systems: a tripartite view

Abstract: A brief examination is made of the relationship of information system, design methodologies, and associated information processing technology. Historical perspectives are highlighted. The data processing systems is first examined from the standpoint of the application of technology. Areas of data management, centralization and distribution, data integrity and controls, cost-capacity progress, and applications software development are reviewed. The user system is next considered as a locus of a large complement of current research activities. The perspectives related to the user role in system development and the evaluation criteria in the design and development process are addressed. Finally, development and operating methodologies are considered as an important dimension of the information systems impact in organizations. The methodological views and development procedure approaches are presented as critical factors impacting the evolution of information systems in organizations.

WHOI Processed CTD Data Organization.

Abstract: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-?4-C-0262; NR 083-004 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE ?8-06886.

Numerical database management system: a model

Abstract: Numerical databases arise in many scientific applications to keep track of large sparse and dense matrices. Unlike the many matrix data storage techniques available for incore manipulation, very large matrices are currently limited to a few compact storage schemes on secondary devices, due to the complex underlying data management facilities. This paper presents a model of an approach to numerical database management system that provides generalized facility for promoting physical data independence by relieving users from the need for knowledge of the physical data organization on the secondary devices.Each of the storage techniques for dense and sparse matrices is described by a physical schema and the tools for any numerical database description, mapping to storage and data access are provided by data language facilities. The feasibility of the model with regard to our prototype implementation of a generalized numerical database translator is also discussed.

A Mechanism for Database Protection in Cellular-Logic Devices

Abstract: Protection of data in a database against unauthorized disclosure, alteration, or destruction is an important aspect of a multiuser database system. In a system which uses a celiular-logic device as a means for data management applications, protection can be achieved in part by associating security windows with queries. This paper describes a mechanism for dynamically creating these windows for cellular-logic devices. The mechanism mainly benefits from the associative techniques such as content and context searches, tagging and marking data, etc. These techniques allow the windows to be created physically by simultaneously activating related access control decision procedures, which implement access control decisions employed by the system, to mask out those data to which the user does not have the right of access. Furthermore, they enable the content-dependent security decisions to be efficiently implemented, eliminating the drawbacks found in conventional systems. Thus, a query accessing to a protected database system is identical to a query accessing to its companion window. An implementation of this mechanism on the cellular-logic device CASSM is also presented.

SEEDIS project: a summary overview of the Social, Economic, Environmental, Demographic Information System

Abstract: Policy formulation, implementation, and management depend upon accurate, timely information. Analysts, decision makers, and managers need to locate, retrieve, combine, analyze and display information from a variety of sources. While time and resources usually do not permit collecting new information, there is a wealth of publicly available data (from government and other sources) that often could meet such needs if it were quickly and easily accessible. Although computers and machine-readable data have made it potentially easier to locate and analyze information, actual use of information from different sources is difficult because of differing storage formats, communications procedures, coding conventions, data structures and units of analysis. The SEEDIS Project addresses these information needs and problems through research, design, development, and demonstration of information system components. SEEDIS software provides a unified framework for data management, information retrieval, statistical analysis, and graphical display. Using SEEDIS, non-programmer users can efficiently access and manipulate large, diverse, and distributed statistical databases. The SEEDIS project works with selected applications specialists to test new concepts and tools using large real world databases, get feedbask about how information tools can be improved, and acquire and develop addtional databases.

Bus scheduling manual. traffic checking and schedule preparation

Abstract: This volume is viewed today as a classic reference on manual scheduling practices. It represents a comprehensive effort made over 30 years ago to pull together the state of the practice in this field, and many of those practices still remain valid today. Because of the classic nature of this reference, it is reproduced unchanged from its original edition. Operators today should note that some of the technological references in the original volume are dated, and that the advent of hand calculators, data management systems, and microcomputers may have facilitated some of the processes described. These areas in the report should be fairly easy to recognize. The original report describes in detail an approach for establishing and revising transit schedules and illustrates it with the experiences of a representative transit company. Individual chapters cover passenger load data, running time data, the headway order, compiling the terminal sheet, run cutting, and distribution of schedule information. The document should be especially useful to transit planners and operations managers with responsibility for establishing schedules.

Data modelling of scientific simulation programs

Abstract: Current research into data modelling of large scientific simulation programs is described. The research includes an empirical study of data management in such programs and an analysis of how scientists actually use their data. The goal of the research is to provide theoretical tools to improve data management for this class of applications. In this paper, data modelling in the scientific environment is described, and some comparisons between data modelling for scientific simulation programs and commercial applications are made.

Introduction to and report from the Symposium on Management of Geodetic Data, August, 1981

Abstract: The Symposium on the Management of Geodetic Data was held in Copenhagen in August, 1981. Many geodesists expect the issues of data management to be the next major problem area in geodesy. This Symposium was the first organized attempt to understand these issues and to share experiences.