Showing papers on "Economic sector published in 2022"

Economic impacts of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Tanzania

Abstract: The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourism sector by closing borders, reducing both the transportation of tourists and tourist demand. Developing countries, such as Tanzania, where the tourism sector contributes a high share to gross domestic product, are facing considerable economic consequences. Tourism interlinks domestic sectors such as transport, accommodation, beverages and food, and retail trade and thus plays an important role in household income. Our study assesses the macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on the tourism sector and the Tanzanian economy as a case study of an impacted developing economy. We use a computable general equilibrium model framework to simulate the economic impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and quantitatively analysed the economic impacts.

Re-opening the Bangladesh economy: search for a framework using a riskimportance space

Abstract: The novel coronavirus has infected more than 50 million people worldwide. Countries that have been on lockdown for more than three months have partially started to reopen their economies, including Bangladesh. This study aims to assess the reopening policies in Bangladesh by mapping the economic sectors in a risk-importance space and using that to develop a phased reopening strategy. This study conducted 100 expert interviews to identify sectors critical to the reopening of the economy and sectors that carry high transmission risks of the disease. The convenience sampling and snowball method were applied to reach the economic sector experts. Quadrant analysis was applied to classify sectors according to their importance to the economy and propensity to spread the disease. Pharmaceuticals and grocery have been identified as allowed sectors due to their contribution to the economy but pose relatively less risk of spreading COVID-19, whereas RMG and other exports identify as alert sectors. Based on findings, a sector-based, three-phase reopening strategy has been proposed for the economy that might prevent the spreading of COVID-19. The proposed framework can act as a guiding principle for any country to offer a step by step reopening strategy.

Drivers of Digitalization in the Energy Sector—The Managerial Perspective from the Catching Up Economy

Abstract: This article attempts to identify the key forces driving the successful digitalization of the energy sector, ensuring improvements in the energy triangle including sustainability, stability, and economic performance. The article sheds light on the diverse energy priorities at supra-, national, and managerial levels, and the role of digitalization in achieving these objectives. Catching up economies (such as Poland), being post-socialist EU member states, in order to transform its energetic sector, must overcome a number of infrastructural and social shortcomings retained as a legacy of the socialist economy. As such, sustainability (as the core priority at EU energy agenda) may not be the leading objective at both national and company level in the energy sector transformation. This article presents the results of empirical research carried out through distribution of e-questionnaire addressed to Polish managers from the energy sector. The results were analyzed using the fsQCA method. The findings suggest that, for managers, the most important drivers of digitalization and transformation of the energy sector in Poland are its high economic performance, together with support for energy prosumers and consumers. The prerequisites for a successful digitalization are alternatively the absence of management barriers, or a combination of high economic performance and a strong focus on environmental protection. Surprisingly, according to managers surveyed, the rapid implementation of new technologies is not considered a vital condition for successful digital transformation of the energy sector, which implies either or managerial lack of knowledge in this area and/or a reluctance to introduce digital rapid technologies.

The Creative Services Sector in Polish Cities

Abstract: The creative services sector plays an important and constantly growing role in the modern economy. This publication presents the results of extensive research on the functioning of the creative sector in Polish cities, conducted on a representative sample of 287 cities located throughout Poland. The sample was good in such a way as to maintain the structure by province. The survey included questions rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The aim of the research was to study the functioning of the creative sector in Polish cities and to determine whether the active involvement of public administration in its development has a positive impact on this sector. The research was carried out on the example of a medium-sized European country, which is Poland. The original contribution of the authors of the publication is to demonstrate, on a large research sample, the existence of a positive impact of the municipal office’s activities on the creative sector for example using special funds to boost creativity sector in the city, and to ascertain the existence of a linear relationship between the city size and the level of the creative sector functioning in it.

Assessing risk of supply chain disruption due to COVID-19 with fuzzy VIKORSort

Abstract: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many economic activities around the world. The complete and partial lockdown policies, as well as the closure of borders by many countries has halted trade, consequently disrupting domestic and international supply chain networks. Like many other countries, various economic sectors in Pakistan also bore high economic losses due to these disruptions. Multiple studies have analyzed on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different economic sectors in Pakistan, i.e. construction, accommodation and food, manufacturing, wholesale and retail goods, energy, and the information and communication sectors. However, no study has examined sorting these economic sectors based on supply chain disruptions due to the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to observe the resilience of these economic sectors and perform sorting using three predefined classes, i.e. severe, moderate, and low disruptions. For this purpose, we propose using the novel methodology fuzzy VIKORSort, which is the major contribution of this paper. This methodology evaluates the aforementioned economic sectors based on 10 criteria. The results of the study revealed that the accommodation and food sector, along with the construction sector, experienced the most severe disruption, followed by manufacturing, wholesale and retail goods, and energy, with moderate disruption, whereas the information and communication sector bore the least disruption. The proposed methodology will help the researchers and authorities deal with sorting and decision problems to prioritize the preventive measures of such undesirable events.

Competitiveness drivers for soybean exportation and the fundamental role of the supply chain

Abstract: Brazil is the world’s second-largest producer of soybeans and the largest exporter. Despite the growing importance in the international market in the last harvests, activities related to this product threaten this position. Due to its economic importance for the country, this study aims to identify the competitiveness drivers of soybean destined for the international market and to measure their impacts on the export process. Therefore, the used methodology considers the systemic character of different factors that affect the supply chain positively or negatively. As a result, the logistics infrastructure dimension was the only competitiveness driver classified as unfavorable among the analyzed factors. The advances in agribusiness are being subsequently followed by some sectors of the economy such as science and technology. On the other hand, the logistics sector has not been showing the same development, causing some weaknesses to persist, either due to the lack of infrastructure of transport production, or the inability to properly store the national harvest. The current challenge for the State is to ensure the maintenance of the quality of the infrastructure already installed and to promote an environment capable of attracting private capital and a new investment cycle.

Assessment of Economic Sustainability in the Construction Sector: Evidence from Three Developed Countries (the USA, China, and the UK)

Abstract: The construction sector plays a significant role in contributing to uplifts in economic stability by generating employment and providing standardized social development. Economic sustainability in the construction sector has been less addressed despite its wide applicability in the economy. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis to determine the application of a circular economy in the construction sector toward economic sustainability, along with its long-term forecasting. A time series analysis was used on the construction sector of the United States of America (USA), China, and the United Kingdom (UK) from 1970 to 2020, by taking into account individual effects to propose a framework with global validity. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the dependence of the construction sector and determine its short- and long-term contributions. The results revealed that the construction sectors in these countries tend to bounce back to equilibrium in the case of short-term effects; however, the construction sector behaves differently with respect to each sector after experiencing long-term effects. The results show that the explanatory power of the forecasting model (R2) was found to be 0.997, 0.992, and 0.996 for the USA, China, and the UK. Based on the concept of the circular economy, it was concluded that the USA will become a leader in attaining sustainability in construction owing to its ability to recover quickly from shocks, and that the USA will become the largest construction sector in terms of GDP, with a USD 0.3 trillion higher GDP than that of the Chinese sector. Meanwhile, there will be no significant change in the construction GDP of the UK up to the end of 2050. Moreover, the speeds of the construction sector toward equilibrium in the long run in the USA, China, and the UK, and regaining of their original positions, is 0.267%, 1.04%, and 0.41% of their original positions, respectively. This study has a significance in acting as a guideline for introducing economic and environmental sustainability in construction policies, because of the potential of the construction sectors to recover from possible recessions in their respective countries.

Can structural changes lead to dematerialization? Lessons from the Portuguese socioeconomic metabolism between 1995 and 2017

Abstract: While material use is a vital part of human well-being and development, it is also associated with serious environmental impacts. This is cause for concern as there has been little evidence of decoupling between well-being and material use in national economies. Therefore, a detailed understanding of material use and its implications on socioeconomic metabolism (SEM) is required. This paper provides insights into the dynamics of material use and economic growth by quantifying the socioeconomic flows associated with the structural changes that affected the Portuguese economy between 1995 and 2017. We first identify different development periods based on material flow analysis and the corresponding economic structural changes. Their impacts on the socioeconomic metabolism are quantified through the analysis of monetary and physical input-output tables. Our detailed analysis has shed light on the role of each sector in material consumption across all sectors with which their activities are intertwined. We found that the Portuguese SEM went through 5 different periods in which the construction and services sectors contributed the most to the changes in the SEM. We found that, for example, despite being a high-productivity sector per se, the development of the services sector may require the support of the construction sector through the creation of infrastructures, and this affects the potential decoupling of material use and economic growth. Understanding these dynamics is key for the creation of policies and initiatives that will lead to a more sustainable economic development and constitutes the main focus of this paper.

Changes in Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity in EU Countries as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Sector and Area Economy

Abstract: Energy is vital for the proper functioning of the various sectors of the economy and social life. During the pandemic, there have been some changes in these aspects that need to be investigated. The main objective of this article is to identify the direction of change caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in energy consumption and energy intensity in sectors and economic areas in EU countries. The specific objectives are to identify the importance of energy consumption in sectors and areas of the economy in individual EU countries; to determine the dynamics of change and variability during the pandemic in energy consumption in individual sectors and areas of the economy in EU countries, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic; to determine the changes in energy intensity of individual economic sectors and the differences in energy intensity between individual EU countries, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a purposive selection method, all 27 EU Member States were selected for the study on 31 December 2020. The analysed period covered the years 2005–2020. The sources of material were literature and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular and graphical methods, dynamic indicators with a fixed base and variable base, Gini coefficient, coefficient of variation, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, and multi-criteria analysis were used for analysis and presentation. It was found that the structure of energy consumption had remained unchanged for several years, with transport, industry and households dominating. There were no significant differences between countries. The COVID-19 pandemic reduced energy consumption in all sectors of the economy, the largest in transport and services and the smaller in industry. At the same time, household energy consumption increased. As a result of the pandemic, there was an increase in energy intensity in all sectors of the economy, the largest in industry. Western European countries had a lower energy intensity of the economy than Central and Eastern European countries. There was little change over several years. Countries generally maintained their ranking. The pandemic did not change anything in this respect, meaning that it had a similar impact on individual EU countries.

Economic resilience in an era of ‘systemic risk’: Insights from four key economic sectors in Sri Lanka

Abstract: COVID-19 has showcased the systematic nature of risks. Its effects have spanned beyond the health sector causing severe economic disruptions. Sri Lanka's GDP contracted by 3.6% in 2020 from a 2.3% growth in 2019, reflecting the largest economic downturn recorded in the country's history. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been largely perceived as unprecedented by most economic sectors and businesses functioning within them, pandemics are not a novel phenomenon given their intermittent occurrence in the past. This study aimed at examining the resilience of four key sectors in Sri Lanka during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely apparel, tourism, agriculture and construction. The study sought to identify the factors that have both enhanced and hindered their resilience during the pandemic and provide recommendations to strengthen their resilience for future pandemics and multi-hazard scenarios featuring pandemics. The study draws upon primary data gathered through four round table discussions carried out with a total of 30 key informants representing the selected sectors. The findings reveal that for economic resilience to be achieved within the selected economic sectors, resilience building measures should be undertaken at three levels: 1) orgaizational level; 2) sectoral level and 3) country level, while also recognising the need for consonance and congruence between measures taken at each level.

A criticality index for prioritizing economic sectors for post-crisis recovery in oleo-chemical industry

Abstract: • Input-output model is used to evaluate the interaction amongst the economic sectors. • Sector criticality index (SCI) is developed to quantify the criticality of economic sectors. • Economic impact, connectivity, sector size, income multiplier, and employment are used as the criteria to determine the importance of a sector. Most countries have implemented lockdowns as the main non-pharmaceutical intervention in response to the global Covid-19 pandemic. Such actions have resulted in negative economic impacts on different sectors, which include manufacturing and processing industry. This concern has led to the need to develop post-lockdown “exit strategies” to mitigate the adverse socio-economic impacts. In this work, a systematic approach is developed to quantify the criticality of economic sectors based on a sector criticality index (SCI) and rank them based on their importance relative to the entire national economy. SCI is a weighted composite score based on five criteria which capture relevant dimensions in judging the importance of sectors: economic impact, connectivity, sector size, income multiplier, and employment. The input-output model is then used to evaluate the interaction amongst the economic sectors. The use of the proposed approach is illustrated with a case study focusing on evaluating the impact on oleo-chemical industries and associated agro-industrial sectors in Malaysia.

The pecularities of the competitiveness of the tourism sector of the republic of moldova

Abstract: In the current economic conditions, tourism specialists are of the opinion that tourism is one of the sectors with the highest potential to provide economic growth and development at the national and international level. A growing tourism sector can effectively contribute to employment, increase national income and also make a decisive impact on the balance of payments. Thus, tourism can be an important engine of economic growth and prosperity, especially in countries with economies in transition, being a key element in reducing poverty and regional disparities. Despite its contribution to economic growth, the development of the tourism sector can be hampered by a series of economic and legislative obstacles that can affect the competitiveness of this sector. The tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova has faced a lot of obstacles, currently going through the most difficult period in its recent history. Starting from 2020, international and national tourism was faced with serious problems generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by the economic crisis, the increase in the prices of oil products, as well as climate change, etc. But, not looking for these aspects of shock, the sector continues its activity and is currently experiencing a gradual recovery and gratifying results. In this context, the World Economic Forum proposes, through the Travel and Tourism Development Index, in addition to a methodology for identifying the key factors that contribute to increasing the competitiveness of tourism, and tools for analyzing and evaluating these factors. Through this indicator, it can be used in the analysis of the degree of competitiveness of the sector in relation to other countries. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the determinants that are the basis of the Travel and Tourism Development Index, in order to highlight the effects of communication on competitiveness in the tourism sector. The purpose of this analysis is to provide some answers, which can explain the performances but also the particularities of the tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova that could help in the development of strategies for the development of this sector.

Analysis of the Relationship Between the Economic Confidence Index and GDP Growth in Azerbaijan

Abstract: The paper focuses on the economic policy in Azerbaijan directed to eliminate the results of the Covid-19 pandemic and the return of the country’s economy to purposeful structural reforms to ensure productivity and economic growth gradually. Today, the main goal is to direct economic policy to eliminate the results of the Covid-19 pandemic. To analyze short-term economic indicators is important to control economic development in real-time to make operational decisions and to give decision-makers early signals of turning points in economic activity. Monitoring of processes that occurred in the real sector of the economy is carried out through questionnaires. The importance of determining the economic indicators required to assess economic activity in Azerbaijan is considered appropriate. The proposed economic confidence index is considered reliable and important for analysis, forecasting. Special software provides time sequence visualization and integration capabilities. The Economic Confidence Index should assess economic activity as the preventive indicator.

Distribution of credit-risk concentration in particular sectors of the economy, and economic capital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract: The aim of the work underpinning this paper has been to track the evolution of tail risk in banks’ NPL portfolios present under normal and worst conditions (before and during the pandemic of COVID-19), and to estimate the impact of sector concentration risk on amounts of economic capital. Results further allowed for analysis of different sectors with a view to determining which is riskiest. The study makes use of a multi-factor structural model, given that each sector is affected by a different systematic risk factor, with the assets of borrowers from the same sector thus correlated markedly, even as correlations between sectors are low. The research has in fact sought the further development of methodology proposed by Düllmann and Masschelein in 2006—in the direction of improved accuracy of economic-capital estimates, thanks to alternate means of mapping out the sectoral factor correlation matrix. The empirical analysis was based on individual data from Prudential Reporting under the National Bank of Poland, as well as market data. Results reveal an increase in tail risk through the 2015–2017 period, as followed by the onset of a decline. Where the paper’s second aim is concerned, there is found to be support for the idea that economic capital may be increased where sector concentration in the portfolio of a bank is accounted for. Tail risk is found to be concentrated in the sectors of construction and real estate, with accommodation and food services becoming more volatile during the pandemic. A channel for risk transfer between the financial and corporate sectors is thus found to exist. Thanks to the work done we have a better understanding of the impact of sectoral concentration of individual banks’ lending activities on level of risk, with the possibility of this gaining application as stress tests are conducted, and as supervisory recommendations from Poland’s Financial Supervision Authority are formulated.

Agriculture Sectors and Its Contribution to National Economy in Nepal

Abstract: Agriculture is one of the main economic sectors of Nepal that play important role for economic enhancement. In 2020/21 agriculture sectors including fisheries and livestock occupy the around 25 percent in national GDP which was around 32 percent in 2011/12. Contribution of agriculture sectors is decreasing in national GDP; however, the role of agriculture sectors is very important in national production and poverty alleviation. The study analyzes the contribution of agriculture sectors in national GDP through highlighting the data of per unit production of agriculture products and gives suggestions for its enhancement in national GDP. To complete the study, it has been followed both qualitative and quantitative research design. The study is based on secondary source of data and the data were collected through library and internet research. Conclusion of the study was based on data analysis and presentation.

Modeling oil price uncertainty effects on economic growth in Mexico: a sector-level analysis

Abstract: Abstract This paper analyzes the impact of international oil price uncertainty on the different economic sectors (primary, secondary, and tertiary) in Mexico in the period 1993:1–2020:4 through a bivariate structural vector autoregressive (VAR) model with a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) in mean to capture the impact of oil volatility on economic growth at the sectoral level of economic activity. The results show that the uncertainty of the international price of oil has a differentiated effect on the different sectors of economic activity in Mexico since it does not influence the primary sector; it negatively impacts the secondary sector, and there is mixed evidence in the tertiary sector. Additionally, evidence is provided that both positive and negative shocks to the international oil price have asymmetric effects at the sectoral level in Mexico. The results highlight the need to implement public policies, at the country level, that help mitigate the effect of uncertainty in the oil market and promote economic stability at the sector level.

A Comparative Analysis of the Real Sector in Turkey from the Economic and Financial Perspectives with the CRITIC-MAIRCA Method

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the economic contribution and financial performance of the real sector in Turkey. Using the real sector company accounts published by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT), seventeen sectors were analysed with the CRITIC-based MAIRCA method. The economic contribution was evaluated with sub-indicators to economic growth, employment, and entrepreneurship; financial performance was evaluated with liquidity, financial structure, turnover and profitability indicators. The findings revealed that manufacturing sector provided the highest contribution to total economy and in all sub-indicators. While the sectors with the lowest contribution in the sub-indicators differed, it was determined that the sub-sector with the lowest total contribution was real estate activities sector. In terms of total financial performance and liquidity, financial structure, and profitability sub-indicators, human health and social work activities, and according to turnover ratios energy supply sector have the highest performance. The study revealed that the sectors with an increased contribution to the economy and those with high financial performance differentiate. Lastly, it has been seen that sectors with high economic contribution exhibit weak financial performance. The findings were checked by sensitivity analysis and proposed method produces consistent results against weight changes and the model is reliable.

Sustainable Economic Sectors in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam

Abstract: Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam have a significantly different economic structure where the Brunei Darussalam economy is very much dominated by oil and gas, whereas Indonesia is dominated by the manufacturing, trade, and agriculture sectors. This paper aims to identify the economic sectors that have the potential to achieve Sustainable Economic Growth (SEG) in both countries. Secondary data from several sources were processed using the multifactor evaluation process method. The results show that there are two economic sectors with equal potential in the two countries, namely, the Information and Communication Sector and the Business Activities Sector. The growth in these two sectors tends to increase; the addition of labor is greater than the increase in output, and they have a relatively limited environmental impact. However, this finding does not mean that other sectors cannot be sustained. On the contrary, they need regulations that will encourage a shift to an economic growth that cares about the environment and society, especially for crucial sectors such as agriculture as a food provider, and the manufacturing sector, which produces value added goods.

The Significance, Role, and Need for Public Sector Enterprises in Economic Growth

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the role that the public sector plays in the process of creating financial resources for economic growth and employment opportunities. Theoretical framework: One technique to envision the public sector is as an ascending ring of institutions, with the central government at the center, followed by agencies and public corporations. Companies that are either directly or indirectly affiliated with the government and are publicly traded surround the ring. Design/methodology/approach: This is descriptive based study. In this research paper we survey on random sample of private sectors companies data. Findings: As a result, it offers job prospects, which adds to the increase of a nation's financial resources. The public sector is the component of the global economy responsible for supplying important services such as infrastructure, public transit, education reform, and security services such as the military and law enforcement. Conclusion: The scope of government action can now be described in relation to the whole economy. Just one example of the various ways in which the public sector can contribute to economic development is the provision of health and educational services by the public sector, which combined make up a large percentage of the Human Development Index.

Shift Share Analysis of Growth, Shifts and Links Between Economic Sectors in Medan City

Abstract: The process of sustainable economic growth is the main condition for the continuity of local economic development. Economic needs will continue to increase along with increasing population growth and so we need an increase in income every year. This can be achieved by increasing aggregate output (goods and services) or PD RB every year. This increase was due to the contribution of the economic sector having shifted although it was relatively insignificant. Sectors that were originally dominant sectors experienced a shift and had an impact on other sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze sector to basic and non-sector basis, changes and shifts between sectors and between sectors in the economic causality area of Medan city. By using secondary data sourced from the field in figures for the years 2003 - 2012, the data analysis method used in this study is to use Location Quotient (LQ), Shift-Share analysis and Granger Causality. The estimation results using Location Quotient (LQ) show that the communication sector, financial institutions and banks, electricity, construction and trade, hotels and restaurants and the service sector are the economic base sectors in Medan. From the analysis of the shift-share increase that occurred at the aggregate level of economic output for 2003 - 2012 and amounted to 83.15 percent due to the effect of economic growth at the provincial level, the overall economic sector of Medan still has a lot of competitiveness or local independence in trade, communication, banking, industrial, building/construction and service sectors.

Creative industries: Economic growth and labor markets

Abstract: This paper shows the results of the first stage of the study of the creative industries’ sector in the regional context. The state institutions of performing arts – theaters and concert organizations – were chosen as the basis for the analysis. The statistics of functioning of these sectors of economic activity is considered and the hypothesis about the presence of Baumol’s «price disease» law is tested. We are proposing the clusterization of regions by the main indicators of this sector of creative industries. In particular, the Subjects of Russian Federation have been grouped according to the average wage, labor productivity and price index in the institutions compared to the level of these indicators in the regions as a whole. The study provides a brief description of the model of composite factors used to form three factors that characterize the activity of theater and concert organizations. The factors themselves are based on the performance of the institutions for 2012–2020. The use of the information model of composite factors allowed to study the influence of the formed indicators on the economic growth in the considered industries with regression models. The study confirmed the assumption about the influence of labor markets and intangible assets on the economic development of relevant cultural organizations.

Analisis Ekonomi Sektoral Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kabupaten Lombok Timur Tahun 2019-2020 : Tinjauan Shift Share Analysis

Abstract: Economic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Lombok Regency decreased by -3.10 percent. The implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM) causes limited activities of economic actors, both private and government. This study aims to analyze the shift in economic sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Types and approaches of research with quantitative descriptive. The secondary data used is in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) data at constant prices in 2010 based on business fields to describe employment in East Lombok Regency during the 2019 and 2020 covid-19 pandemic. The data analysis technique uses shift shareanalysis, where this analysis compare GRDP at the national level with levels below it. The shift share analysis technique divides growth into national growth (National Share), industry mix (proportional shift) and competitive advantage/competitiveness (differential shift). Based on the analysis, it is known that the decline or shift towards the negative is of course due to the declining contribution of sectoral economic sectors, especially leading economic sectors, which have a significant impact using shift share such as the manufacturing sector; agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors; construction sector, transportation and warehousing sector and Wholesale and Retail Trade; Car and Motorcycle Repair. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in sluggishness in the economy, which has resulted in a reduction in the workforce, reduced working hours, layoffs and the failure of several businesses in the real sector (goods and services) as well as in the tourism sector.

Leading Sectors that Drive the Economy of Bali during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy of Indonesia has weakened and contracted, although currently, the economy has recovered from it. The economy of Bali has experienced its lowest growth of all time. This is due to the huge impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in Bali, which is its economic locomotive. This research aims to analyze the potential sectors that can be developed by each regency and city in Bali to boost its economic recovery. The research used the LQ and overlay methods. The results of the research show that the sectors directly related to tourism have experienced contraction. Meanwhile, the sector that has progressed considerably and becomes a leading one during the current pandemic is the primary sector. Therefore, the Government of Bali needs to carry out an economic structural transformation, so that the economy will be stabilized and emerge stronger against various internal and external shocks.

Analisis Keterkaitan Sektor Industri Pengolahan Terhadap Perekonomian di Provinsi Jawa Timur (Pendekatan Input Output)

Abstract: Against the Economy in East Java (Input Output Approach). Along with the rapid development of industrialization, the manufacturing sector has increased and shifted the agricultural sector. This article aims to examine the relationship between the manufacturing sector and other sectors in East Java Province and examine the impact of the manufacturing sector multiplier. Analysis of input output with secondary data Input Output. The results show that the manufacturing sector; service sector; agriculture, forestry and fisheries have forward linkages to the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, the information and communication sector; the accommodation and food and drink provision sector has backward linkages to the manufacturing sector. The output and labor multiplier is quite large compared to other sectors, while the income multiplier is larger than other sectors.