Showing papers on "Electrode array published in 1976"

Charge electrode array and combination for ink jet printing and method of manufacture

Abstract: A charge electrode array for use in an ink jet printing apparatus is formed by anisotropic etching of apertures through a single crystal silicon substrate of (110) orientation. Conductive diffusion layers in the walls of and adjacent to the apertures permit a charge to be placed on a jet stream passing through the apertures. Contacts can be formed on the adjacent diffusion layers to provide connection to an externally located charging circuit or the contacts may be omitted when the charging circuit is formed in the substrate itself and connected by diffusion or a metal layer to each adjacent diffusion layer. Jet nozzles and synchronization electrodes are shown incorporated in the charge electrode array to form a monolithic structure capable of performing a plurality of functions. Substrate contacts are also provided for biasing.

Four-level voltage supply for liquid crystal display

Abstract: A liquid crystal display enabling circuitry wherein the backplate electrode of a liquid crystal display is activated by a four-level voltage while the respective segment electrodes thereof are activated by a two-level voltage. This includes at least two input terminals, five output terminals, a voltage dividing resistor network and complementary MOSFET switching means and thereby provides the four-level voltage for the backplate electrode and the four-level voltage for the segment electrodes. In addition, this may be implemented with MOS integrated circuitry technology (and not bipolar integrated circuitry technology).

Leakage detection system for radioactive waste storage tanks

Abstract: A combination of elements for detecting leakage of electrically conductive fluids from tanks, including a reference electrode, an AC generator connected between the tank and the reference electrode, and one or more sensing electrodes positioned between the tank and the reference electrode. The storage tank and reference electrode are in contact with the ground. When the AC generator is energized, current flows in the circuit, and creates an electric field in the ground between the tank and the reference electrode. The sensing electrodes are positioned so that they are within the electric field when the AC generator is energized. An electric potential measuring device, such as a voltmeter, is used to measure the electric potential at the sensing electrodes relative to the tank. A significant change in the electric potential at any one or more of the sensing electrodes is an indication that a leak has occurred in the tank.

Alternating current potential measuring device

Abstract: A high voltage measuring device used to measure the amount of voltage in an alternating current carrying line. When in use no connections or physical contact are made between the line and the measuring device. Generally, the measuring device acts according to the capacitor divider principle with two capacitors. One electrode of one capacitor is the high voltage line itself and the other electrode of this same capacitor is a spaced flat circular plate located on the measuring device. The measuring device electrode is insulated near its periphery and connected to a low voltage capacitor having a low loss and good temperature coefficient. This capacitor forms the other part of the capacitor divider. The voltage signal across the low voltage capacitor is coupled to a high impedance operational amplifier which drives the signal through a shielded cable to a remote grounded location where a root mean square converter changes the alternating current signal to a direct current signal and sends it to a voltmeter readout unit.

Particle charging device and an electric dust collecting apparatus making use of said device

Abstract: A particle charging device is herein disclosed in which discharge electrodes and opposite electrodes are disposed in an opposed relationship, third electrodes being provided in the proximity of each said discharge electrode, and there are provided a high voltage source for applying a periodically varying high voltage between said discharge electrodes and said third electrodes, a D.C. voltage source for applying a D.C. bias voltage between the above described electrodes, and a D.C. high voltage source for applying a D.C. high voltage between said third electrodes and said opposite electrodes, whereby during the periods when the periodically varying high voltage is not applied between said discharge electrodes and said third electrodes, D.C. corona discharge originating from said discharge electrodes may be always suppressed. Also an electric dust collecting apparatus making use of said particle charging device is disclosed herein.

Two microchannel plate picture element array image intensifier tube and system

Abstract: A picture element array image intensifier tube display device and system providing image analysis and processing schemes for an image in either direct or remote view. The picture element array comprises two in-line microchannel plate (MCP) electron multipliers having an array of electrically isolated parallel output electrode stripes on a first MCP that are adjacent and orthogonal to a second MCP input electrode array of electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes. The input and output electrode array stripes have differential bias voltages selectively switched thereacross in some selective scan mode wherein said bias voltages are varied according to image analysis and processing schemes in a feedback circuit.

Miniature flat panel photocathode and microchannel plate picture element array image intensifier tube

Abstract: A miniature flat panel image intensifier display tube having an array of ctrically isolated parallel photocathode array stripes adjacent and orthogonal to a microchannel plate input electrode array comprising electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes. A video picture signal generator modulates a radiation source that causes a generally uniform flow of photons to impinge on the photocathode array. The photoelectrons that are emitted from the photocathode array are selectively accelerated into a charge pattern according to differential voltages scanned across both arrays by array switching electronic means wherein the charge pattern is converted to a visible image for viewing by an observer.

Downhole geoelectric remote sensing method

Abstract: A simple geoelectric remote sensing cable comprising a single current electrode and a relatively large number of sensing, or potential, electrodes. The current electrode is at the center of the logging cable and the sensing electrodes are arranged symmetrically about the current electrode in such a manner that the spacing between adjacent sensing electrodes increases with distance from the current electrode. In the preferred embodiment, the sensing electrode spacings are all integral multiples of a basic interval unit, such as two and one-half feet. The cable is pulled from the bottom of a borehole to the top at a fixed rate while a fixed current is supplied to the current electrode and the voltage differences between each adjacent pair of sensing electrodes are recorded after each movement of a distance equal to the basic interval or an integral fraction thereof. In the preferred embodiment, four-point electrode type of resistivity calculations are then made using the recorded data and the superposition principle.

Photocathode and microchannel plate picture element array image intensifier tube and system

Abstract: A picture element array image intensifier tube display device and system providing image analysis and processing schemes for an image in either direct or remote view. The picture element array comprises an array of electrically isolated parallel photocathode stripes that are adjacent and orthogonal to a microchannel plate input electrode array of electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes which have differential bias voltages selectively switched thereacross in some selective scan mode wherein said bias voltages are varied according to image analysis and processing schemes in a feedback circuit.

Controlled current sink

Abstract: A solid state cathode driver circuit for controllably sinking a current substantially independent of applied voltage includes a main current carrying transistor and first and second field effect transistors connected to a controlled electrode of the current carrying transistor for setting the potential on the control electrode substantially independent of the applied voltages to the controlled terminals. The magnitude of the sunk current is essentially determined by the geometry of the device utilized and is, therefore, essentially constant. Selective activation of the current sink is provided by grounding the control electrode to turn off the device.

Flat screen solid state display and memory device utilizing color centers

Abstract: A passive display device providing high resolution and contrast and very fast response time for presenting and erasing information is formed from a thin layer of a crystal material capable of forming color centers in an electric field, an electron injection source by tunnel effect which includes a first thin metal layer, an insulation barrier, and a very thin metal layer, and an electrode array for selectively controlling the path of the electrons passing through the very thin metal layer, by tunnel effect, into the crystal material, upon application of a suitable voltage across the metal layers, in accordance with the information to be displayed. A process for displaying information using the passive display device requires applying a voltage across the metal layers of the electron injection source to create an electron flow, by tunnel effect, across the conduction band of the insulator and beyond the very thin metal layer to the crystal color center material, and simultaneously providing a voltage between the electrode array on the opposed surface of the crystal material and the very thin metal layer, the latter voltage causing acceleration of the electrons toward selective sites forming color centers in the crystal material in accordance with the information to be displayed.

Method of and apparatus for monitoring for electrode displacement in the Joule effect heating of heat softenable material

Abstract: A method of detecting electrode displacement in an opaque melt of heat softenable material heated by Joule effect through said electrode by monitoring the current, voltage and electrical displacement characteristics of a body of heat softenable material and the electrodes. A relatively rapid change in monitored resistance is an indication of and often characteristic of given changes in the geometric relationships between an electrode the heat softenable material and other electrodes which can accelerate the failure of a system if corrective action is not taken. Alarm indicators, instruction print out, and/or process controls can be actuated in response to a given current voltage or resistance change. Slumping of electrodes and the direction of the slumping is indicated by the nature and magnitude of changes detected on a long term basis at least of the order of days in length. Plural electrodes and electrode pairs are monitored by multiplexing to provide a repetitive cyclic scan of the parameters between pairs. Distortion of current and voltage values is minimized, where selective portions of regular power pulses are gated for control of heating, and complex waveforms result by employing true r.m.s. values of current and voltage developed in true r.m.s. to d.c. converters. An approximation circuit for producing a d.c. voltage which is approximately proportional to the r.m.s. values of current and voltage resulting from phase controlled firing of controlled rectifiers into the electrode melt load.

Urodynamic evaluation of a chronically implanted bladder pacemaker.

Abstract: A "chronic" study of an implantable bladder pacemaker revealed that, although the electrode array did not significantly impair vesical function during the 10 weeks of research, electric stimulation did spread to the voluntary perineal musculature. There was also a drop in bladder response to the same stimulation parameters, probably due to progressive development of fibrous reaction and encasement of electrodes.

Driving and addressing circuitry for gas discharge display/memory panels

Abstract: A driving and addressing circuit for applying sustaining, writing and erasing voltages to the cells of a multicelled gas discharge display/memory panel. The voltage generating circuitry is isolated from the panel by a pair of diodes individual to each electrode in the panel. Only the sustainer circuits and the diodes carry the relatively high sustainer currents so that the addressing circuits can be high impedance, low current devices. Switching means is provided between the electrodes and a diode clamp to limit the voltage applied to the cell to the maximum sustainer potential when the switching means is turned on. The switching means is turned off during the "write" addressing to allow the voltage applied to the cell to exceed the sustainer potential. In one embodiment, the switching means comprises a pair of switches, each one connected to all of the electrodes in one electrode array. In another embodiment, a single switch is connected to all the electrodes in one electrode array.

Improved electrostatic head with toner-repelling electrode

Abstract: Liquid or dry developing substance comprising charged particles is applied to a base electrode in the form of a rotary cylinder. A sheet of recording paper is fed in contact with the cylinder. A printing head comprises a plurality of printing electrode sets formed into an array such as a rectangular dot matrix in which each electrode set constitutes a row of the matrix. Each electrode set comprises a plurality of shaping electrodes which constitute the individual data points of the row. At least one bias electrode is provided for each electrode set. Row select wires are connected to the bias electrodes of the electrode sets respectively. Shaping electrode or column select wires are connected to the shaping electrodes of all of the electrode sets in such a manner that a particular column select wire is connected to the shaping electrodes of all of the electrode sets in a corresponding column. A high voltage of the same polarity as the charged particles applied to the bias electrodes causes the charged particles to be repelled against the surface of the cylinder and prevents printing. The voltage on the bias electrodes is lowered one row at a time to sequentially enable the rows for printing. The lower voltage also repels the charged particles against the surface of the cylinder but can be overcome by a higher voltage of a polarity opposite to the charged particles applied to the shaping electrodes of the selected row corresponding to the data points of the row which are to be printed. The interaction of the electric fields of the bias electrode and the shaping electrodes causes the attractive field of the shaping electrodes to be present only directly under the faces of the shaping electrodes thereby providing high printing resolution.

Gas discharge coupling of driving circuitry to a gas discharge display/memory panel

Abstract: A gas discharge display/memory device in which the driving circuitry is coupled to the panel electrodes through a plurality of gas discharge cells. Along one edge of each of the panel electrode arrays, there are formed a plurality of gas discharge shift cells each defined by a pair of crosspoints, one crosspoint formed by one of a plurality of shift electrodes and a common electrode means and the other crosspoint formed by the common electrode means and one of the panel electrodes. The shift electrodes associated with each electrode array are connected to individual shift voltage generators which generate phased shift voltages to shift a discharge along the common electrode. The discharge associated with each electrode array can be transferred to a selected panel electrode by applying a transfer pulse voltage to the electrodes forming the second crosspoint such that a discharge is initiated in the panel cell defined by the crosspoint of the selected panel electrodes. A sustainer generator is connected to both electrode arrays through a plurality of gas discharge sustainer cells defined by the crosspoints formed by a sustainer electrode and all of the panel electrodes of one of the electrode arrays for each electrode array. The sustainer generator applies a voltage to all of the panel cells to maintain a sequence of discharges in any panel cell in which a discharge has been initiated.

Circuit for reactive load reduction in electric or electronic switches - incorporates load reducing network between operating circuit three points, having capacitor, choke and two diodes

Abstract: A terminal electrode of the discharge capacitor is coupled to the switch electrode which changes its electric potential on disconnection of the switch current in relation to the system determining the blocking voltage of the switch. The second capacitor electrode is connected to the switching point with blocking voltage via one diode. This point of the circuitry which has a voltage approximating the blocking voltage in relation to the main electrode parameters. The remaining second terminal electrode of the capacitor is connected to a point of the circuitry, via the other diode and the choke, series connected to the diode. The polarisation of the first diode is so selected as to block the current flow between specified circuit points, even when the second diode is short circuited.

Electrode structure for an electric discharge device

Abstract: An electrode structure for use in an electric discharge device includes a fluid-permeable discharge chamber; a flow of gas seeded with actively emissive elements is delivered to the interior surface of said discharge chamber for a distributed electric discharge to be maintained thereat. The discharge chamber is fitted with an opening providing for a discharge channel outlet. Service life of the proposed electrode structure reaches several thousands of hours, which is possible due to erosion inhibition at the discharge surface. Simplicity of design, reasonable weight and dimensions of the electrode structure renders it suitable for use as an electrode in plasmatrons employed in chemical industry and metallurgy, as well as an electrode for electric arc melting furnaces. The electrode structure can also be used as a welding electrode, and as an electrode for MHD generators and other electric discharge devices with electric arc heating process being used therein.

Rotating asymmetric electrode for measuring characteristics of electrochemical cells

Abstract: In an electrochemical cell passing a constant current, an electrode rotating asymmetrically with respect to a fixed electrode produces an ac voltage, having a component at the rotational frequency, between the rotating and fixed electrodes because the interelectrode distance and dc solution resistance between the electrodes vary. When this electrode is used in an operating two electrode cell, e.g., a plating bath, the ac voltage may be used to map the spatial current distribution. Measurements of solution conductivity may also be made.

Image converter and intensifier tube - uses target and additional electrodes for selective electron beam (de)focussing

Abstract: The image converter and intensifier tube has a large surface target electrode coupled across and electric resistor to the positive pole of the operating voltage source. A focussing electrode with an effective electron beam aperture is coupled to the target electrode via a resistor of such value so that the two electrodes function as an anode during the tube operation in the rated range of the target electron current. This effect is supported by alignment of the electron apertures of the two electrodes. In case of sudden impingement of a considerably higher target electron current, such voltage difference is effected between the two electrodes that they form an electrostatic lens defocussing the electron beam aimed at the target electrode.

Analog display device

Abstract: PURPOSE: To make point-display of measurement values by applying a voltage higher than the critical voltage of liquid crystal in the lengthwise direction of the resistor electrode of the liquid crystal and applying the voltage being measured between this electrode and the transparent electrode of the liquid crystal. COPYRIGHT: (C)1978,JPO&Japio