Showing papers on "Electronic data published in 1993"

An electronic data protection system

Abstract: The system includes : a storage medium (1) for storing an encrypted electronic data, a medium number and encrypted permission information; a vendor computer having a personal key generating unit (21) for generating a medium key based on the medium number (12), an electronic data decrypting key (22), and an encrypting unit (23) for encrypting the electronic data decrypting key based on the medium key to generate the encrypted permission information. The user computer having a personal key generating unit (31) for generating a medium key based on the medium number, a decrypting unit (32) for decrypting the encrypted permission information based on the medium key to generate the electronic data decrypting key which is the same as the electronic data decrypting key of the vendor computer, and a decrypting unit (34) for decrypting the encrypted electronic data (14) based on the electronic data decrypting key (33) to generate a plain text electronic data.

Electronic management system for heavy-duty trucks

Abstract: An electronic data link that services components of the vehicle including components other than the engine and an electronic engine management system that services the engine operate in different data formats and are interfaced by a special electronic module that provides translation services for accomplishing bi-directional through-transmission of data between them. The module has programmable memory with different levels of security and can detect the absence of a vehicle speed sensor at incipient vehicle launch. The speed sensor serves both the data link and the electronic engine management system through the special module.

High security lock mechanism

Abstract: A self-powered electric lock includes a lock bolt and a first engagement element having disengaged and engageable positions. An electric actuator includes an output operative to move the first engagement element to its engageable position. A manually operated rotatable member is operatively coupled to the first engagement element when the first engagement element is in its engageable position. A lock bolt drive mechanism is coupled to the lock bolt and to the first engagement element when the first engagement element is in its engageable position. The movable output moves the first engagement element to its engageable position upon input of correct electronic data. An electricity generator is coupled to the manually operated rotatable member. The electricity powers the electric actuator and an electronic data input device. The manually operated rotatable member is also used to actuate the lock bolt drive mechanism and retract the lock bolt.

The Growth of Phylogenetic Information and the Need for a Phylogenetic Data Base

Abstract: In the wake of widespread acceptance of phylogenetic methods, it is appropriate to assess how fast phylogenetic knowledge is accumulating. To obtain a rough indica? tion of this rate, we surveyed phylogenetic analyses in the recent literature. The re? sults raise an important information man? agement issue. The volume of phyloge? netic information now becoming available may soon compel the systematics com? munity to confront its own rapidly ex? panding knowledge base in a deliberate and concerted manner. In this note, we present quantitative evidence regarding the growth rate of phylogenetic informa? tion and then argue for the establishment of an electronic data base of phylogenetic data and results.

Electronic surveillance of antibiotic exposure and coded discharge diagnoses as indicators of postoperative infection and other quality assurance measures.

Abstract: Objectives To assess postoperative exposure to parenteral antibiotics and coded discharge diagnoses of infection as markers of nosocomial infection, postoperative morbidity, and potentially inappropriate antibiotic use after cesarean section. Design Retrospective cohort study to compare automated markers with the criterion of record review. Setting Tertiary care hospital. Patients Women admitted to a large teaching hospital after April 15, 1987, and discharged before October 1, 1989, who underwent a nonrepeat, nonelective cesarean section and had received prophylaxis with a cephalosporin. Methods Antibiotic exposure and discharge diagnosis codes were obtained from a large electronic hospital data base. A sample of charts was reviewed to determine the presence of infection, other postoperative complications, and postoperative antibiotic exposure. Results A total of 2,197 women who had undergone a nonrepeat nonelective cesarean section were included in the study cohort. These women were assigned to 6 subgroups based on postoperative antibiotic exposure status and discharge codes suggesting endometritis, other postoperative infection, or no infection. Review of 457 records indicated that the overall infection rate was 9%. Eight percent of all the patients had a coded diagnosis for infection, and 16% received some parenteral antibiotics after the first postoperative day. Exposure to at least 2 days of parenteral postoperative antibiotics was the best marker by which to discriminate between infected and uninfected patients, with a sensitivity of 81%, a specificity of 95%, and a positive predictive value of 61% for detecting infection. The corresponding figures for coded diagnoses for infection had rates of 65%, 97%, and 74%, respectively. The combination of discharge codes and exposure to parenteral postoperative antibiotics resulted in a more accurate but less sensitive marker for nosocomial infections, with a positive predictive value of 94% and a sensitivity of 59%. The groups with discordant parenteral postoperative antibiotics exposure and discharge codes for infection were enriched for errors in coding, noninfectious morbidity, and unexplained antibiotic use. Less than 1% of the entire cohort had > or = to 2 days of parenteral postoperative antibiotics without any reason apparent in the medical record. Conclusions Parenteral postoperative antibiotic exposure determined from automated pharmacy records correlated with the results of the more labor-intensive manual review of medical records for the identification of nosocomial infection. In addition, information on antibiotic exposure combined with coded discharge diagnoses provided a rapid screen to identify subgroups of patients with higher rates of infectious and noninfectious morbidity, unexplained antibiotic use, and errors in discharge coding. Information derived from electronic data bases created for administrative purposes may be useful as a marker for infectious complications, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, and other issues related to total quality hospital monitoring.

Optical character classification

Abstract: An optical character recognition system which can extract information from documents into machine readable form for selected inclusion into a data base uses human classification through the use of translucent ink pens of colors which correlate to field designations. The ink pens, commonly known as highlighters, are used to mark the selected text. An optical scanner reads the marked document and converts it to electronic data which is stored into data base fields according to the color marked regions.

Smart card with LCD and energy store for receiving external power

Abstract: A smart card (100) comprises an electronic data memory (110); an interface unit (160) connected to the data memory, to allow access to the data memory by an external card accessing apparatus (170); and a liquid crystal display (120) operable to display information indicative of the contents of the data memory. The display (120) is powered externally by the card accessing apparatus (170), an energy store (150) e.g. a capacitor, being provided to power the display after interaction with the apparatus (170) has finished.

Acousto-optic polychromatic light modulator

Abstract: An acousto-optic polychromatic light modulating apparatus employs an acousto-optic medium, and a single piezoelectric transducer, which is driven by a plurality of frequency components, the intensities of which are controlled in response to input electronic data, to produce a color-modulated diffracted polychromatic output beam. The acousto-optic medium and mode as well as acousto-optic interaction length and the geometry of the device are selected such that there is negligible acousto-optic interaction with a given frequency signal on all output optical beam colors except for the one assigned to that frequency, with a high degree of color convergence achieved over a wide wavelength range. The present invention can be used to increase the modulation rate of a polychromatic modulator by selecting the incident optical beam energy propagation direction to be nearly normal to the acoustic wave phase propagation direction with non-parallel tangents at the incident and diffracted optical wave-vector loci. It may also be incorporated within the laser cavity of a discrete line laser and in the laser cavity of a continuous band laser, thereby enabling the selection or tuning of one or more wavelengths simultaneously. The use of a multi-frequency input RF driver enables the laser to be tuned electronically at high speed, without mechanical movement of any physical components.

Computer-implemented modelling system for wireless communications systems

Abstract: A computer-implemented modelling system integrated with a comprehensive set of software tools for wireless communications system design, management, and expansion. System simulation is provided for calculating predictive coverage areas and displaying street and topology data quickly and efficiently so that the design time is reduced and unforeseen interference effects and capacitive limitations are avoided. The computer-implemented modelling system determines the optimum placement of cell sites, how to split the cells and automatically plans the frequency allocations for the wireless communications system design. Design tools are provided for creating, storing, retrieving, editing, and calculating system specifications in an electronic data format.

A measure of intraoperative attention to monitor displays.

Abstract: Vigilance is an important but difficult to measure attribute in anesthesia practitioners. We present a modified standard method to assess intraoperative vigilance toward electronic data displays. The response time to detect a simulated abnormal value on the physiologic monitor was measured. Eight anesthesia residents were studied during 60 surgical procedures. Responses to 439 abnormal values were analyzed. The average response time was 61 +/- 61 s (mean +/- SD), and 56% of the detections were made within 60 s. However, 16% of the abnormal values were undetected during the 5 min that they were displayed. Response times and the rate of missed events were greater during induction of anesthesia (a time of high workload) than during the maintenance or emergence phases of anesthesia. Response times were shorter during procedures on ASA 1 patients than on ASA 3 patients. The results suggest that anesthesiologists usually quickly detect abnormal values on physiologic monitors and that less attention is devoted to monitors during periods of high workload.

Multi-codebook coding process

Abstract: An improved multi-codebook phase-in coding process for coding electronic data wherein for each received electronic input data, the coding process detects whether that input data exceeds a current coding maximum, then selecting a codebook coding method from one or more codebook coding methods in response to detecting whether that input data exceeds the current coding maximum, and then encoding that input data in accordance to the selected codebook coding method to generate a coded output data. A corresponding codebook indicator is inserted into a generated coded output data stream to indicate which codebook method to use to decode the coded output data. During decoding, the decoding process detects for a decode method indicator associated with each encoded input data, and decodes in accordance to a decode method corresponding to the detected decode method indicator to generate a decoded output data.

Electronic data multiplexing in a full color pulsed laser projector and method

Abstract: A multiplexed, multicolored video imaging system which comprises a plurality of pulsed lasers to provide input beams, a single acoustic-optical cell to receive the input beams, a transducer to modulate the input beams in the cell, a signal generator to produce sound waves in the cell corresponding to the electrical signals used for a line image, data compression means to decrease the time of propagation of the sound waves in the cell, multiplexing means to provide an electrical signal corresponding to each wavelength to separate and sequentially modulate the video signals to provide a multiplexed, modulated output beam, a projection surface and projection means to form a line multiplexed, multicolored output on the projection surface.

Analysis of interorganizational information sharing

Abstract: Recent years have observed a number of interorganization information systems and electronic data interchanges through which multiple organizations share information. This article studies the incentives to share information when two or more companies are involved in a supplier‐buyer relationship. We propose two models through which we pursue the question: What type of information will be shared? In the first model, we study the incentives for a production company to share its queue information with its customers. The release of queue information has a trade‐off between loss of profits and efficient flow control, but we show that the supplier will share information under certain regularity conditions. The second model studies the incentive for a supplier to share price information with its buyer. As the buyer makes its quantity decision based on the price information fed by the supplier, the latter has to choose between keeping the communication channel alive for good news and benefiting from the buyer's un...

A data acquisition system for flat-panel imaging arrays

Abstract: An electronic data acquisition system for pixelated, two-dimensional, amorphous silicon x-ray imaging arrays has been developed. The system was designed in a modular fashion with digital control provided by field-programmable logic devices. This approach allows sections of the design to be upgraded with little impact an other aspects of the system. Good analog noise performance was obtained by matching the preamplifier design to the characteristics of the array outputs. The design of this system is presented and its performance quantified. >

Ion Mobility Sensor In Environmental Analytical Chemistry—Concept And First Results

Abstract: Ion mobility spectrometry is a technique for generating ions at atmospheric pressure via ion-molecule reactions, and for analysing them in an ion drift tube. The time required for the ions to traverse the length of the drift tube is mainly a function of the mass and the charge of the ions. Besides, ion shape and polarizability also affect the drift time. Ion mobility spectrometry does not allow structural identification and quantification of unknown substances in mixtures. However, under certain boundary conditions it provides selective fingerprints of the substances to be observed, and operates at the ppbv concentration level and the millisecond time scale. Through further miniaturization of a recently developed instrument of this type an ion mobility sensor is to be constructed. This sensor includes drift channel, operating shutter, collecting electrode, electronic data acquisition and translation board. The sensor makes possible to obtain real-time ion mobility spectra. We present and discuss ...

CT Scanner with improved processing efficiency 180 degrees+ fan angle reconstruction system

Abstract: An x-ray source (14) is rotated along a non-circular path (18) to irradiate a subject in an examination region (10) with a fan beam (16) of radiation Radiation detectors convert rays of the fan beam which have traversed the examination region into electronic data which is stored as data fans in an initial data memory (22) Each data fan is zero-filled (24) and convolved by a convolver (30) Preferably, the convolver transforms each data fan into Fourier-space (32), filters each data fan in Fourier-space with a roll-off filter (36), and converts the filtered data fan back from Fourier-space (38) Each fan is weighted (42) by a 1/cos weighting function and stored in a weighted data memory (44) Rays which are redundant in a 180°+ fan reconstruction are removed (46) from the convolved data fans A pixel driven backprojector (50) backprojects each convolved and redundant ray removed data fan into an image memory (56) The backprojector weights each data value of each ray in proportion to 1/R, where R is a distance from the apex of the backprojected convolved fan to each corresponding pixel of the resultant image A video processor (60) converts the electronic image representation stored in the image memory (56) into appropriate format for display on a video monitor (62)

Mobile telecommunications system

Abstract: A telecommunications system which permits automatic unattended receipt of E-Mail, Facsimile, Telex, Telegrams, Voice Mail and Two-way communications. The system includes a portable telecomputer (30) which includes a CPU (12) interfacing a paging radio receiver system. Specially coded control signals relayed through the pager (8) by way of the microprocessor (12) activates the unpowered standby computer, Data Modem, Facsimile Modem, Wireline Modem and Cellular Telephone transceiver sections of the telecomputer (30). The data distribution center (20) upon receiving a pager induced looped call from the telecomputer's (30) internal cellular transceiver (9), automatically transfers back to the telecomputer's (30) storage device (11), and electronic data message such as E-Mail, File achieves, Group level-3 Facsimiles, Telex, Telegram or when attended, Voice Mail or Two-way voice calls.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) User Interface for Delineating Wellhead Protection Areas

Abstract: Digital tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) store, analyze, map, and illustrate large amounts of diverse electronic data. This paper develops a GIS modeling user interface for delineating Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPAs) around public water-supply wells. With this modeling interface, the user can extract the necessary information from the GIS database automatically. The GIS database can then store the delineated WHPAs for further analysis and display. The modeling interface allows local agencies to delineate and manage WHPAs for hundreds of wells more efficiently and effectively than with the traditional paper maps and overlay system. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the user interface, this paper presents a wellhead delineation pilot study for the City of Houston. WHPAs for the 202 active public water-supply wells in the city were delineated using GIS and the modeling interface. Detailed sensitivity analyses were completed to evaluate the effect of uncertainty in model parameters on the delineated WHPAs. Potential sources of contamination within the delineated WHPAs were then identified using the GIS database. While GIS are perceived as an important tool that can enhance a user's ability for spatial data analyses, they have many problems. The system hardware and software require a substantial investment in financial and human resources. Database development is a tricky process requiring planning and commitment; in most cases, the anticipated outcome from GIS software development is not immediately realized.

Digitally controlled, disposable syringe inflation system, and method for monitoring, displaying balloon catheter inflation data

Abstract: An electronically controlled syringe system for connection to a balloon catheter or other balloon-type member and for automatically monitoring, displaying and recording inflation data when the syringe system is used to inflate the balloon of the catheter or other balloon-type member. A syringe having a barrel and a syringe plunger is selectively operable to increase fluid pressure applied to the balloon catheter or other balloon member by sliding the plunger further into the barrel. Positive pressure applied to the balloon catheter or member is released by withdrawing the syringe plunger toward the rear of the barrel. A piezoresistive semiconductor transducer housed on the barrel of the syringe senses fluid pressure applied by the syringe. The electric signal output by the transducer is input to a controller where the signal is digitally processed so as to derive and record therefrom electronic data representing the magnitude of applied fluid pressure, and so as also to derive the length of time that fluid pressure is applied. The electronic data representing this information is automatically displayed and recorded. In one embodiment, the controller is also mounted onto the syringe barrel to provide a digitally controlled inflation syringe system that is completely self-contained, and disposable.

Flow injection Thermospray® mass spectrometry for the automated analysis of potential agricultural chemicals

Abstract: Flow injection Thermospray mass spectrometry (TSP-MS) has been developed and utilized for molecular weight and structural confirmation for thousands of potential new agricultural chemicals. Initially, it was necessary to find TSP conditions which provide an optimal compromise between providing reproducible, informative mass spectra and being sufficiently universal and rugged for a wide variety of compound types. By acquiring both positive- and negative-ion spectra for each sample, the range of compounds that can be analyzed successfully is greatly expanded. The method developed is sufficiently universal that flow injection TSP-MS now provides the required information in approximately 70% of the mass spectrometric structural confirmations performed at the Agricultural Research Division of American Cyanamid. The success in using flow injection TSP-MS led to the development of instrumentation to fully automate these analyses. An IBM PC/AT® compatible computer is used to control sample delivery, data acquisition and data output. The PC performs the functions of both terminal and operator for a Finnigan® TSQ 46 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and its Data General Nova® 4X data system, while simultaneously controlling a Micromeritics® 725 (Alcott®) autosampler and its Reodyne® 8126 pneumatically actuated 6-port sampling valve. Furthermore, the need to document analyses in a manner that is consistent with Good Laboratory Practices has led to automated documentation for the instrument analysis log, as well as for the headers of the electronic data files and the printed spectral output. The new automated flow injection TSP-MS system described here was constructed using only commercially available equipment and has notably improved efficiency by reducing the instrument time required to record spectra and by minimizing analyst intervention.

Spinning and winding installation - has electronic data processing to enable first quality spun yarn to be wound with priority

Abstract: Control of a spinning installation which has a ring spinning frame and associated machinery is effected by means of a service robot, which is provided with equipment to store data relative to the package being processed on the frame. This information is utilised in the following stages. The appts. is also claimed. The ring spinning frame (RSM) has a series of working positions (1-20), and each has a supply of rovings with a flow control (LK). The cops are transferred after doffing to the cop trays (PT) by the service robot (BDA), which travels along the spinning positions, keeping a record of the time and relevant details during build of the cop. This information is stored as electronic data in semiconductor devices, which is transferred at the headstock (EK1) into a controller (MS) which also serves as the machine control. The cop trays (PT) on a conveyor (PTFS) then proceed to an initial stage (KB) on the yarn winding machine (SPM), where imperfect cops can be seaparated for further treatment. The first quality yarn is delivered directly into the winding units (SS) with empty tubes being returned to the spinning frame in the enclosed system (PTFS). The yarn may require some treatment at the clearers (GR) as it is wound on the reel. This treatment is also recorded electronically in the module (NW2) which works in conjunction with the micro processor (PLR). The winding machine is controlled from these units through a controller (SSP). The feedback of information enables reels of a first quality yarn without broken ends, thick and thin places etc. to be produced. There is also continuing improvement, as the cause of faults is traced back to previous stages. ADVANTAGE - Faults are related to processing stages, which may have caused the fault, and enable causes to be rectified promptly, which leads to overall quality control, and an improved quality of yarn.

Quality assurance techniques for electronic data acquisition

Abstract: Electronic instruments are increasingly being used to gather water quality data. Quality assurance protocols are needed which provide adequate documentation of the procedures followed in calibration, collection, and validation of electronically acquired data. The level of precision of many data loggers exceeds the technology which is commonly used to make field measurements. Overcoming this problem involves using laboratory quality equipment in the field or enhanced quality control at the time of instrument servicing. Time control procedures for data loggers are needed to allow direct comparisons of data between instruments. Electronic instruments provide a mechanism to study transient events in great detail, but, without time controls, multiple loggers produce data which contain artifacts due to timing errors. Individual sensors deployed with data loggers are subject to different degrees of drift over time. Certain measurements can be measured with defined precision and accuracy for long periods of time, while other sensors are subject to loss of both precision and accuracy with increasing time of use. Adequate quality assurance requires the levels of precision and accuracy be documented, particularly those which vary with increasing time deployment.

Common mode rejection control in an optical disk drive

Abstract: An optical drive provides an internal routine for automatically optimizing the common mode rejection ratio of the magneto-optic data output signal. A microprocessor provides control to a controller module which in turn supplies a plurality of calibration signals to a data detecting portion. The calibration signals modify predetermined parameters of the data detecting portion based upon measuring a predetermined parameter indicative of the common mode rejection ratio. The common mode rejection ratio optimization corrects for mismatches in both the optical elements and in the electronic data circuits.

Message packet transmitter

Abstract: A message packet transmitter for transmitting a packet of electronic data signals onto a communication network without interruption. A first-in, first-out electronic memory has a transmit state in which an electronic data signal stored therein is output. The electronic memory has an idle state in which electronic data signals stored therein are not output. A message packet-in-transit identification circuit generates a packet-in-transit signal after the electronic memory outputs the first electronic data signal in a message packet. A no-packet-in-transit signal is generated after the electronic memory outputs the last electronic data signal in the message packet. A state controller maintains the electronic memory in the transmit state when the electronic memory stores at least a portion of a message packet, when the state controller receives a packet-in-transit signal, and when the state controller receives an interrupt-pending signal.

A touch sensitive device

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic touch sensitive screen device 100 which may be an integral part of electronic data handling equipment which may be portable as by being hand held for example. The device 100 comprises a circuit including two electronic paths or leads 1 and 2, adapted to be connected with a source 3 for providing a pulse train of identical desired form (in the embodiment a square wave pulse train), an electronic comparator device 4 such as in the embodiment a D-type Flip-Flop connected with the two paths 1 and 2 and adapted to receive input signals 5 and 6 respectively from the path 1 and 2 and to provide an output 7 commensurate therewith, and a touch contact 8 of the ohmic kind along one of the paths 1. The path 1 is earthed or grounded at 9.

Character recognition system

Abstract: Characters are input to input means to be turned to electronic data, character variation of each input character is expected based on the position of the character in a word when the character is hand-written, based on information necessary for determining priority of recognition results stored in storing means, priority of the recognition results based on the expected character variation is determined by priority processing means, the character is recognized by recognizing means based on the priority, and the result is output to output means.

Disk storage system

Abstract: Systeme electronique de memorisation de donnees (13) comprenant une memoire (17), une pluralite d'unites de disques magnetiques (21, 23) et un regisseur (15). Electronic data storage system (13) comprising a memory (17), a plurality of magnetic disk drives (21, 23) and a controller (15). La memoire contient un repertoire etablissant une correspondance d'adresses logiques avec des adresses physiques, une liste de donnees annulees et une liste libre. The memory contains a directory of establishing a logical addresses corresponding to physical addresses, canceled a data list and a free list. En reponse a une instruction d'ecriture, l'unite de controle selectionne une adresse physique en fonction de son segment pouvant etre utilise le plus rapidement, ajoute une etiquette aux donnees a ecrire et ecrit les donnees sur le segment selectionne. In response to a write command, the control unit selects a physical address based on its segment that can be used quickly adds a label to write the data and writes the data on the selected segment. Les entrees appropriees sont effectuees dans le repertoire et dans la liste libre. The appropriate entries are made in the directory and in the free list. Le systeme recupere des pertes de memoire en utilisant une consignation de points de reprise et un ensemble de segments de points de reprise du disque qui, dans leur totalite, contiennent des sauvegardes du repertoire et d'autres informations critiques necessaires a la remise a l'etat initial du systeme. The system recovers memory leaks using a logging checkpoints and a set of disk checkpoint segments in their entirety, contain phonebook backup and other critical information required to return to the initial state of the system. Des repertoires de groupe sont utilises pour des groupes de repositionnement; Group directories are used for repositioning groups; les operations effectuees sur les donnees d'un groupe sont invisibles en dehors du groupe jusqu'a l'emission d'une instruction d'enregistrement. the operations performed on the data of a group are invisible outside the group until the issuance of a registration statement.