Showing papers on "Foundation (engineering) published in 2006"
Book•
04 Apr 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a column-like element is used to stabilize the soil in order to support excavations in soft soil deposits, and a shallow foundation on soft soils is proposed.
Abstract: Material properties of soft soils.- Constitutive soil models and soil parameters.- Supported excavations in soft soil deposits.- Shallow foundations on soft soils.- Pile foundation.- Soil stabilisation with column-like elements.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the role of soil in the collapse of the elevated Hanshin Expressway during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, and found that the impact of soil on the seismic performance of the bridge was multiple: first, it modified the bedrock motion so that the frequency content of the resulting surface motion became disadvantageous for the particular structure.
Abstract: An investigation is presented of the collapse of a 630 m segment (Fukae section) of the elevated Hanshin Expressway during the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The earthquake has, from a geotechnical viewpoint, been associated with extensive liquefactions, lateral soil spreading, and damage to waterfront structures. Evidence is presented that soil–structure interaction (SSI) in non-liquefied ground played a detrimental role in the seismic performance of this major structure. The bridge consisted of single circular concrete piers monolithically connected to a concrete deck, founded on groups of 17 piles in layers of loose to dense sands and moderate to stiff clays. There were 18 spans in total, all of which suffered a spectacular pier failure and transverse overturning. Several factors associated with poor structural design have already been identified. The scope of this work is to extend the previous studies by investigating the role of soil in the collapse. The following issues are examined: (1) seismological and geotechnical information pertaining to the site; (2) free-field soil response; (3) response of foundation-superstructure system; (4) evaluation of results against earlier studies that did not consider SSI. Results indicate that the role of soil in the collapse was multiple: First, it modified the bedrock motion so that the frequency content of the resulting surface motion became disadvantageous for the particular structure. Second, the compliance of soil and foundation altered the vibrational characteristics of the bridge and moved it to a region of stronger response. Third, the compliance of the foundation increased the participation of the fundamental mode of the structure, inducing stronger response. It is shown that the increase in inelastic seismic demand in the piers may have exceeded 100% in comparison with piers fixed at the base. These conclusions contradict a widespread view of an always-beneficial role of seismic SSI. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
108 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical relationship has been suggested that correlates the ratio of the ultimate bearing capacity of an eccentrically loaded strip foundation with that for a foundation where the load is applied centrally.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a field study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of modularity for supporting additional loads, such as stories added to buildings, in the context of supporting existing foundations to support structures subjected to additional loads.
Abstract: Micropiles have been used for many applications, including underpinning existing foundations to support structures subjected to additional loads, such as stories added to buildings. A field study w...
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a series of experiments carried out on a new 1g shaking table at Cambridge University were conducted to measure the displacements of a shallow foundation due to seismic loading and also the development of the failure mechanism within the soil.
54 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: This document breaches copyright and will be removed from access immediately and investigate the claim.
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51 citations
47 citations
TL;DR: Computer simulations of finite element modelling allow for in-depth studies into the complex pile–soil interaction under combination loading in deep foundation structures to explore the effect of pile shape, sand properties, pile length and loading conditions on the capacity of a pile.
Abstract: Deep foundations are slender pile elements used to transfer loads from structures into deeper soil strata below the ground Deep foundations have a variety of loads including axial, lateral and moment loads Often these loads will act together to form a combination of loads, such as oblique forces that have a component of axial and lateral forces Due to the pile's length, which can extend past 30 m, it is difficult and expensive to carry out full-scale testing Any full-scale test data are limited to the area conditions and soil properties at the testing site Small scale testing can be used as an alternative to full-scale testing, although scaling effects will influence the conclusions from this type of study greatly Computer simulations of finite element modelling allow for in-depth studies into the complex pile–soil interaction under combination loading in deep foundation structures This work used three-dimensional finite element modelling using ABAQUS to explore the effect of pile shape, sand properties, pile length and loading conditions on the capacity of a pile Using trends discovered by these simulations design charts were developed to aid designers when determining the bearing capacity for oblique interaction for square piles The final design chart shows the change in capacity for in-plane loaded, square cross-sectioned piles as compared to circular piles The difference in capacity is shown to be a function of the oblique interaction angle and length to diameter ratio
42 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a feedforward backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was used to predict the settlement of reinforced foundations on reinforced cohesionless soils, and the model performance showed very good agreement with the measured settlements.
Abstract: The use of reinforcement to increase the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement of shallow foundations is a common construction technique. Although foundation settlement is a major problem for design, few practical methods have been developed to compute the settlement of shallow foundations on reinforced cohesionless soils. In this study, a feedforward backpropagation neural network (BPNN), which is one type of artificial neural network (ANN), is used to predict the settlement of reinforced foundations. The model performance showed very good agreement with the measured settlements. The results indicate that the developed BPNN model may be a powerful tool to accurately predict settlement of shallow foundations on reinforced cohesionless soils.
38 citations
01 Nov 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamic inelastic response and failure prediction of pipelines under lateral mass impact at the mid-span position are presented in a total of 52 impact tests were carried out on seamless mild steel pipes with different internal pressure levels and foundation supports.
Abstract: The dynamic inelastic response and failure prediction of pipelines under lateral mass impact at the mid-span position are presented in this article. A total of 52 impact tests were carried out on seamless mild steel pipes with different internal pressure levels and foundation supports. Critical initial impact energies were obtained for each group of pipe specimens with different internal pressure levels and foundation supports.Numerical simulations of the experimental tests were carried out using three-dimensional dynamic non-linear finite element analysis, where both geometrical and material non-linearities were considered. Good agreements were achieved between the impact tests results and the numerical predictions.It has been found that the influences of the internal pressure and the foundation on the critical initial impact energy are significant. The critical initial impact energy is much less sensitive to internal pressure for the pipes with a foundation than those without a foundation.
32 citations
TL;DR: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Communities in Charge (CIC) program funded projects in fourteen communities that aimed to expand health insurance coverage and improve care for their residents as discussed by the authors. But none of the CIC projects were targeted to women.
Abstract: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Communities in Charge (CIC) program funded projects in fourteen communities that aimed to expand health insurance coverage and improve care for their ...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The design principles, community-based practices, and central education components of the IDEA certificate program are discussed, and the process for monitoring students' design understanding and performance and how to evolve the authors' design courses based on this data is discussed.
Abstract: At Northwestern University we have recently created the Institute for Design Engineering and Applications (IDEA) within the McCormick School of Engineering. Through IDEA students can obtain a certificate in engineering design alongside their bachelor's degree in their engineering discipline. IDEA was formed with the goal of integrating interdisciplinary design throughout the engineering curriculum, and creating a design community to support innovation. In this paper we discuss the design principles, community-based practices, and central education components of the IDEA certificate program. In addition, we discuss our process for monitoring students' design understanding and performance and how we continue to evolve our design courses based on this data, as well as ongoing feedback from members of the IDEA community.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a soil-pile-structure interaction analysis by applying a multi-lumped mass-spring model to a steel pipe pile foundation structure to evaluate the causes and process of its damage.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the existing foundation due to the interaction between ground and the existing structures was investigated in tunnel excavation with nearby existing foundation, and 3D finite element analyses using subloading tij model were conducted.
Patent•
03 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this article, structural supports are attached to lifting assemblies, which are also installed in the slab, to form a new structurally suspended slab or to raise an existing slab for a structural foundation.
Abstract: To form a new structurally suspended slab or to raise an existing slab for a structural foundation, structural supports are placed in the ground. The structural supports are attached to lifting assemblies, which are also installed in the slab. Actuation of the lifting assembly allows the slab to be raised and/or lowered, thereby forming a suspended slab over a void of a desired size. Existing slabs may be repaired using similar techniques.
TL;DR: In this article, a highly instrumented model of an earth dam with a clay core founded on a liquefiable foundation subjected to earthquake loading is studied, and results from three centrifuge physical models are presented.
Patent•
08 Feb 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a marine air floatation hauling and locating and depositing installation process of case and barrel shaped foundation structure for soft soil is described, which is simple, controllable and low in cost.
Abstract: The present invention is the marine air floatation hauling and locating and depositing installation process of case and barrel shaped foundation structure for soft soil. The construction process includes inflating the case and barrel shaped foundation structure in water for it to float and hauling to the installation site; locating in the floating state; deflating for deposition via controlling the deflation speed and amount to control the deposition speed and inclination; pumping out air from the structure and applying pressure for further deposition; pumping out water from the structure for further deposition until pumping out all water inside the structure and completing the installation. The said process needs no large hoisting and transportation apparatus, and is simple, controllable and low in cost.
01 Jan 2006
21 Aug 2006
Patent•
13 Mar 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to provide a structure of a foundation by arranging an anchorage body to a ground in the lower section of a pile pit without lowering the strength of fillers composed of a curable material.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of a foundation arranging an anchorage body to a ground in the lower section of a pile pit without lowering the strength of fillers composed of a curable material filled into the pile pit as the foundation for preventing the floating of the structure, an execution method for the structure of the foundation and the structure of a pile used for the foundation or the execution method. SOLUTION: The structure of the foundation for preventing the floating of the structure contains a prefabricated pile being arranged in the pile pit bored to the ground in the lower section of the structure, being extended to the pile pit in a coaxial manner to the bottom section of the pile pit so as to support the structure and having a hollow section and the anchorage body arranged in the anchor pit formed to the pile pit in the coaxial manner to the ground in the lower section of the pile pit. The structure of the foundation further contains a connecting means disposed to the hollow section and the anchor pit as the connecting means connecting the anchorage body and the structure and the fillers filled into the anchor pit and the hollow section and composed of the curable material. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of long short composite piled raft foundation was discussed and the settlement calculation for long-short composite pile raft foundation is developed which could be used to account for the interaction of piles, soil and cushion.
Abstract: The mechanism of long-short composite piled raft foundation was discussed. Assuming the relationship between shear stress and shear strain of the surrounding soil was elasto-plastic, shear displacement method was employed to establish the different explicit relational equations between the load and the displacement at the top of pile in either elastic or elasto-plastic period. Then Mylonakis & Gazetas model was introduced to simulate the interaction between two piles or between piles and soil. Considering the effect of cushion, the flexible coefficients of interaction were provided. With the addition of a relevant program, the settlement calculation for long-short composite piled raft foundation was developed which could be used to account for the interaction of piles, soil and cushion. Finally, the calculation method was used to analyze an engineering example. The calculated value of settlement is 10.2 mm, which is close to the observed value 8.8 mm.
Book•
15 Feb 2006
TL;DR: The fifth International Conference on Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete as mentioned in this paper was held in Kruger National Park, South Africa, from July 18-23, 2004, with 66 papers summarizing the worldwide state-of-the-art in composite construction.
Abstract: Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete, held in Kruger National Park, South Africa, July 18-23, 2004. Sponsored by the United Engineering Foundation, Inc.; Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE. This collection contains 66 papers summarizing the worldwide state-of-the-art in composite construction. Papers deal with all aspects of composite construction, ranging from fundamental mechanisms and analytical tools to computational and design methodologies. Topics include: composite bridges; innovative composite systems; composite slabs, floors, and columns; composite structural systems and connections; practical applications; shear studs and connectors; fire resistance; and seismic behavior and design.
Patent•
20 Jul 2006
TL;DR: An anchor system for a structure which experiences periodic buoyancy situations was proposed in this article, where a member connected at one end to a foundation and the other end to the buoyant structure restricts movement in the transverse and longitudinal directions.
Abstract: An anchor system for a structure which experiences periodic buoyancy situations. The anchor system has a member connected at one end to a foundation and the other end to the buoyant structure. The member restricts movement of the buoyant structure in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The system allows the buoyant structure to move vertically between an upper and lower limit.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors claim that multi-scale modeling with multi-physics balance and constitutive representations of the thermal, electrochemical, mechanical, and chemical phenomena that make a fuel cell work is an essential foundation for design and manufacturing.
Abstract: It is the general premise of this paper that multi-scale modeling with multi-physics balance and constitutive representations of the thermal, electrochemical, mechanical, and chemical phenomena that make a fuel cell work is an essential foundation for design and manufacturing. It is further claimed that such modeling enables a systems-to-science engineering approach that will accelerate technology greatly, reduce cost, improve durability, and bring fuel cell systems to life in our society. It is the objective of this paper to identify and provide a few foundation stones of understanding for such an engineering foundation for fuel cell technology, especially that part of the foundation that relates to multi-scale modeling of materials.
11 May 2006