Showing papers on "Grid parity published in 2023"

Techno-economic assessment of green ammonia production with different wind and solar potentials

Abstract: This paper focuses on developing a fast-solving open-source model for dynamic power-to-X plant techno-economic analysis and analysing the method bias that occurs when using other state-of-the-art power-to-X cost calculation methods. The model is a least-cost optimisation of investments and operation-costs, taking as input techno-economic data, varying power profiles and hourly grid prices. The fuel analysed is ammonia synthesised from electrolytic hydrogen produced with electricity from photovoltaics, wind turbines or the grid. Various weather profiles and electrolyser technologies are compared. The calculated costs are compared with those derived using methods and assumptions prevailing in most literature. Optimisation results show that a semi-islanded set-up is the cheapest option and can reduce the costs up to 23% compared to off-grid systems but leads to e-fuels GHG emissions similar to fossil fuels with today’s electricity blend. For off-grid systems, estimating costs using solar or wind levelized cost of electricity and capacity factors to derive operating hours leads to costs overestimation up to 30%. The cheapest off-grid configuration reaches production costs of 842 €/tNH3. For comparison, the ”grey” ammonia price was 250 €/tNH3 in January 2021 and 1500 €/tNH3 in April 2022 (Western Europe). The optimal power mix is found to always include photovoltaic with 1-axis tracking and sometimes different types of onshore wind turbines at the same site. For systems fully grid connected, approximating a highly fluctuating electricity price by a yearly average and assuming a constant operation leads to a small cost (<4%) overestimation compared to the more advanced optimisation method applied here .

Off Grid Solar PV System Sizing for A Typical East African Household

Abstract: <p>Power is one of the key factors in boosting economies and living conditions in East African Countries. Kenya relies heavily on fossil fuels which consist of high electricity prices and pollution. In this study, we suggested a standalone method for typical residential energy consumption. We contrasted the use of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system with a conventional grid connection. It shows the economic benefit of using power produced by PV, which lowers the cost of energy from the grid and allows them to eventually realize savings from the system. Therefore, this paper determines the ideal size of a rooftop solar home system that will satisfy all requirements for powering electrical appliances at a reasonable cost. Using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Renewables (HOMER) software, a cost-based comparison of the two energy systems has been conducted. Apart from the HOMER simulation a manual easy to calculate approach is also provided that will help to size standalone systems in the absence of premium software. </p>

A System Dynamics Model for Solar Thermal Power

Abstract: Solar thermal power generation has attracted worldwide attention due to its advantages such as continuous and stable power generation and easy complementary with other renewable energy. Development of solar thermal power generation is important for China’s energy transition. Therefore, we established a system dynamics model to predict the development trend of solar thermal power generation. As electricity demand can influence the development of solar thermal power, electricity demand forecasting is also considered. We simulated the development of solar thermal power generation in a certain region. The simulation results shows that, in the base scenario, the cumulative installed-capacity of solar thermal power generation will reach 2.68 and 19.7 million kilowatts in 2030 and 2060, respectively. Among all of the influencing factors, the effect of electricity prices is more obvious.

Development of an Agro-Photovoltaic Transparent Solar Panel and DOCR for Agriculture and Grid System Usage

Abstract: Providing space for both power plants and agriculture can be a significant difficulty for densely populated nations with limited land. In this paper, transparent photovoltaic (PV) panels are utilized to construct a solar power plant that can simultaneously produce electricity to the national grid and serve as land for agriculture, as sunlight can penetrate through transparent PV panels. This will allow the system to generate electricity in frames land without harming the agriculture. In addition to enhancing agricultural output, agro-photovoltaic adds to the provision of off-grid power in developing and rural regions. For enhancing the protection of the system Directional Over current relay (DOCR) is used for analyzing the faults. To connect the power plant in the load, the hardware specifications of transparent PV panels, boost converters, inverters, and transformers is reviewed in depth.

Solar Energy

Abstract: Solar energy schemes based on photovoltaic cells have attracted extensive interest in recent years due to their capabilities of clear and seemingly limitless generated energy. This chapter proposed a simple, cost effective and efficient system for solar photovoltaic applications. Solar energy is considered as an fastest growing renewable energy resource like wind energy for electricity generation. Solar energy is a free, clean abundant sun energy considered an inexhaustible source for electricity generation. The solar photovoltaic system is characterized by variable output power due to its operation dependency on solar irradiance and cell temperature. To maximize the energy generation potential of solar PV, a research effort is focused on solar cell manufacturing technology to increase its generation efficiency and explore advancements in power electronic devices for small and large scale deployment. The main aim is to find the unknown parameters of the nonlinear current–voltage (I-V) equations by adjusting the I-V curve at three remarkable points when the circuit is open (open circuit), when the circuit is delivering maximum power, and when it is short circuited. The data of these three studies are mentioned by all commercial PV module makers in their datasheets and with all these parameters of the adjusted I-V equation.

Hybrid Solar Thermal Power Plant Potential in Bangladesh

Abstract: The rapidly increasing global population and restricted competence from the non-renewable resource supply have led to the rising demand for energy. So, the focus of research has shifted to diversify energy sources, minimize harmful emissions into the atmosphere and prioritize renewable energy sources. This article gives an overview of solar technology used in the energy industry. It also provides information on the current state of Bangladesh’s energy sector, as well as the country’s climatic characteristics, and the potential of implementing hybrid solar technologies in the country. The work considered a model of a solar aided power generation plant (SAPG) with parabolic trough collectors and analyzed the efficiency of such power plants. The integrated use of a combined cycle plant and a solar steam generator for power generation (ISCC) is also presented with an overview and analysis. Both power plant models were simulated using THERMOFLEX software.

Determinants of power purchase agreements and levelized cost of electricity in renewable energy projects

Abstract: Similar to the concept of concessions, governments worldwide encourage investment in renewable energy by providing a fixed price under the power purchase agreement (PPA) to the renewable energy developers. Depending on each renewable energy technology, the PPA usually corresponds to the levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) or the average lifetime costs of electricity produced by a power plant. Hence, these two parameters play an important role in boosting renewable energy development. Little is however known about the determinants of the PPA and LCOE. Therefore, the paper tries to shed some light on the determinants of the PPA and LCOE of wind and solar technologies with a global (totaling 26 countries) panel data over the period of 2015 to 2019 using a fixed-effects and a system generalized method of moments (sys-GMM) estimation model. We mainly find that the trend of PPA in a more mature wind technology has tapered off but still driven mainly by the technological costs and how risky the banks view the wind projects. Meanwhile, the trend of PPA in a less mature solar technology is still declining and affected by the additional demand shifted from conventional energy such as oil, natural gas, and coal towards renewable energy and the environmental pressure from high CO2 emissions. The LCOE’s of wind and solar energy are both in a downward trend and driven mainly by the reduction in technological costs, the additional demand from conventional energy players and the pressure from high CO2 emissions with the solar LCOE also depending on the bank’s perspective. Lastly, the investment environment through the FDI, inflation, and long-term interest rates can also affect the PPA and LCOE. Implications of our results are also mentioned.

Potential Assessment and Economic Analysis of Concentrated Solar Power against Solar Photovoltaic Technology

Abstract: Competition between concentrated solar power and solar photovoltaic has been the subject of frequent debate in recent years based on their cost of fabrication, efficiency, storage, levelized cost of energy, reliability, and complexity of respective technologies. Taking Pakistan as a testbed, a study was conducted to determine which technology is economical in a particular location and climate. The study assesses the meteorological, orographic, and spatial factors that impact the performance and cost of both renewable energy systems. A SWOT analysis, followed by technoeconomic analyses, was conducted to determine suitable sites for setting up solar power plants in Pakistan. A detailed assessment of siting factors for solar power plants was conducted to shortlist the most suitable sites. Based on the results, economic analysis was performed to install 100 MW photovoltaic and parabolic trough power plants at selected locations. The levelized cost of energy for the 100 MW parabolic trough is 10.8 cents/kWh and 12 cents/kWh in best-case scenarios, i.e., for locations of Toba and Quetta, respectively, whereas the LCOEs of 100 MW photovoltaic systems stand comparatively low at 7.36 cents/kWh, 7.21 cents/kWh, 7.01 cents/kWh, 6.82 cents/kWh, 6.02 cents/kWh, and 5.95 cents/kWh in Multan, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Hyderabad, Quetta, and Toba, respectively. The results favor choosing solar PV plants over solar CSP plants in terms of finances in the selected regions. The findings will assist financiers and policymakers in creating better policies in terms of long-term goals.

Load Forecasting in Nordic Residential Buildings

Abstract: Renewable power production technologies, such as solar photovoltaics, are becoming increasingly popular in the residential sector. Due to the volatility of renewable power production, and mismatch between peak production and consumption hours, it can be beneficial to augment local power production with energy storage systems, such as batteries. Connection to mains grid also facilitates selling overproduction, especially when the price of electricity is high. However, such a system requires automated decision making, which would highly benefit from knowing the state of electrical load, price and solar power production in advance. This study focuses specifically on the task of load forecasting, applied to Nordic multifamily residential buildings, which are mainly heated by district heating. While it is common to utilize weather data for load forecasting, this work shows by properly choosing and optimizing the forecast model, omitting the weather data can in this case improve the accuracy of the forecasts.

Fault location for multi-terminal lines

Abstract: Worldwide there is a trend to increase the use of renewable energy to replace the conventional energy sources as far as possible. Beside small installations like photovoltaics panels on rooftops of private homes we can observe big wind and photovoltaics or solar farms supplying significant amounts of electrical power into the grid. These big wind, photovoltaics and solar power plants are not seldom directly connected to existing transmission or distribution lines. In this case we get transmission lines with three or more terminals.

The impact of rooftop solar on wholesale electricity demand in the Australian National Electricity Market

Abstract: Solar energy from rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems in Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM) has been continuously increasing during the last decade. How much this change has affected power demand from electricity networks is an important question for both regulators and utility investors. This study aims to quantify the impact of rooftop solar energy generation on spot electricity demand and also to forecast power system load in the post-covid-19 era. Using half-hourly data from 2009 to 2019, we develop a novel approach to estimate rooftop solar energy generation before building regression models for wholesale electricity demand of each state. We find that the adoption of solar PV systems has significantly changed the levels and intra-day patterns of power demand, especially by reducing daytime power consumption from the grid and creating a “duck curve”. The results also show that most states in the NEM would see decreased electricity demand during 2019–2034.

Predictive Modeling of Photovoltaic Solar Power Generation

Abstract: Photovoltaic solar power referred to as solar power using photovoltaic cells, is a renewable energy source. The solar cells' electricity may be utilized to power buildings, neighborhoods, and even entire cities. A stable and low-maintenance technology, photovoltaic solar power is an appealing alternative for generating energy since it emits no greenhouse gases and has no moving components. This paper aimed to provide a photovoltaic solar power generation forecasting model developed with machine learning approaches and historical data. In conclusion, this type of predictive model enables the evaluation of additional non-traditional sources of renewable energy, in this case, photovoltaic solar power, which facilitates the planning process for the diversification of the energy matrix. Random Forests obtain the highest performance, with this knowledge power systems operators may forecast outcomes more precisely, this is the main contribution of this work.

A Review of State-of-the-art and Short-Term Forecasting Models for Solar PV Power Generation

Abstract: Accurately predicting the power of solar power generation can greatly reduce the impact of the randomness and volatility of power generation on the stability of the power grid system, which is beneficial for the balanced operation and optimized dispatch of the power grid system, and reduces operating costs. Solar PV power generation depends on weather conditions, which are prone to large fluctuations under different weather conditions. Its power generation is characterized by randomness, volatility and intermittency. Recently, the demand for further investigation and effective use on the uncertainty of short-term solar PV power generation prediction has been getting increasing attention in many application of renewable energy sources. In order to improve the predictive accuracy of output power of solar PV power generation and develop a precise predictive model, the authors worked predictive algorithms for the output power of a solar PV power generation system. Moreover, since short-term solar PV power forecasting is one of the important aspects for optimizing the operation and control of renewable energy systems and electricity markets, this review focuses on the predictive models of solar PV power generation, which can be verified in the daily planning and operation of a smart grid system. In addition, the predictive methods in the reviewed literature are classified according to the input data source used for accurate predictive models, and the case studies and examples proposed are analyzed in detail. The contributions, advantages and disadvantages of the predictive probabilistic methods are compared. Finally, the future studies of short-term solar PV power forecasting is proposed.

Day-Ahead PV Power Forecasting Based on MSTL-TFT

Abstract: In recent years, renewable energy resources have accounted for an increasing share of electricity energy.Among them, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has received broad attention due to its economic and environmental benefits.Accurate PV generation forecasts can reduce power dispatch from the grid, thus increasing the supplier's profit in the day-ahead electricity market.The power system of a PV site is affected by solar radiation, PV plant properties and meteorological factors, resulting in uncertainty in its power output.This study used multiple seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS (MSTL) and temporal fusion transformer (TFT) to perform day-ahead PV prediction on the desert knowledge Australia solar centre (DKASC) dataset.We compare the decomposition algorithms (VMD, EEMD and VMD-EEMD) and prediction models (BP, LSTM and XGBoost, etc.) which are commonly used in PV prediction presently.The results show that the MSTL-TFT method is more accurate than the aforementioned methods, which have noticeable improvement compared to other recent day-ahead PV predictions on desert knowledge Australia solar centre (DKASC).

Techno-Economic Assessment of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic – Diesel Genset for Rural Electrification, Case study of Namabasa Village – Uganda

Abstract: In recent time, hybrid renewable energy systems are increasing being utilized to provide electricity in remote areas especially where the grid extension is considered very expensive. This study presents a techno –economic analysis of a Mini grid solar photovoltaic system for five (5) typical Zonal Communities in Namabasa ward Mbale District while promoting renewable energy system adaption and rural electrification. The assessment technique includes the establishment of the socio-economic state of the rural community through a field survey. The cost of system development ,electricity tariffs and sizing of energy production are realized via the Levelized Cost of Electricity ( LCOE) technique Sensitivity analysis was carried out to identity the parameters that affect the evolution of the (LCOE) during the life of the project, the results have shown that the annual energy production at a rate of 12,693.2 Mwh/year and capacity of 1449kW, while the lowest is predict at Namabasa Zone II at the rate of 2847MWh/year a capacity of 325KW where business consumers. The standard (LCOE) for system during the 15-year lifespan in the five (5) zones is estimated 350/= per KWh except at Doko II, this cost per Kilowatt Hour is more attractive and competitive compared with the current rate charged by the National electricity company.

Co-modeling and Optimal Control of a Solar Power Integrated with Variable Load Energy Management System and Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract: With the development of social economy and the continuous expansion of power grid, renewable energy generation has gradually attracted people's attention because of its unique characteristics. How to integrate renewable energy into the traditional power grid and make use of it has become a key development direction. This study takes photovoltaic power generation as the starting point and combines with battery energy storage system to optimize the power distribution of the grid. This study brings new possibilities for the integration of photovoltaic energy storage power generation system into the traditional power grid, which is of great significance to the entire power grid structure and environment. In this paper, Matlab is used as a simulation tool, method of linear programming is used to simulate and analyze the power grid connected to photovoltaic energy storage system, and the power grid management strategy is optimized from the perspective of power grid price. This study provides a new way to optimize photovoltaic energy storage system, which is of certain significance to the future development direction of using new energy.

Simulation Analysis of Electricity Demand and Supply in Japanese Communities Focusing on Solar PV, Battery Storage, and Electricity Trading

Abstract: This study analyzes how the electricity demand and supply constitutions affect electricity independence and power trading within a community and between a community and a grid through simulation analysis. To that aim, we create a simulation model equipped with a community-building function and trading capability. We first construct a community consisting of various types of residential and industrial consumers, and renewable power plants deployed in the community. Residential and industrial consumers are characterized by a state of family/business and ownership and the use of energy equipment such as rooftop solar PV and stationary battery storage in their homes/offices. Consumers’ electricity demand is estimated from regression analyses using training data. Using the hypothetical community constructed for the analysis, the simulation model performs rule-based electricity trading and provides outputs comprising the total electricity demand in the community, the state of use of battery storage and solar PV, the trading volume, and the electricity independence rate of the community. From the simulation results, we discuss policy implications on the effective use of renewable energy and increasing electricity independence by fully utilizing battery and trading functions in a community.

Comparative Levelized Cost Analysis of Transmitting Renewable Solar Energy

Abstract: A bottom-up cost analysis for delivering utility-scale PV-generated electricity as hydrogen through pipelines and as electricity through power is undertaken. Techno-economic, generation, and demand data for California are used to calculate the levelized cost of transmitting (LCOT) energy and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) prior to distribution. High-voltage levels of 230 kV and 500 kV and 24-inch and 36-inch pipelines for 100 to 700 miles of transmission are considered. At 100 miles of transmission, the cost of transmission between each medium is comparable. At longer distances, the pipeline scenarios become increasingly cheaper at low utilization levels. The all-electric pathways utilizing battery energy storage systems can meet 95% of the load for as low as 356 USD/MWh, whereas when meeting 100% of load with the hydrogen gas turbine and fuel cell pathways, the costs are 278 and 322 USD/MWh, respectively.

Analysis of Solar Irradiation Impact on Grid-tied Photovoltaic Systems' Power Quality Characteristics

Abstract: The usage of photovoltaic systems in the production of electrical energy has increased, either as a way to provide electricity in places where there is no grid connection (stand-alone systems) or by feeding electricity into the grid (grid-tied systems). As the price of energy produced from fossil fuels rises, solar energy emerges as a feasible alternative source in a liberated energy market. However, it continues to have issues that must be fixed for it to be universally acknowledged as a viable replacement for fossil fuels. It is necessary to solve the underlying issue of the quality of the power generated by photovoltaic technology. In this study, power quality experiments were run with a grid-tied PV system to ascertain how solar irradiation variation impacts power quality quantities, results for low and average irradiance situations are measured and analyzed. The investigation showed that low solar irradiation significantly increases current total harmonic distortion, which frequently pushes power factor outside of acceptable limit and injects reactive power into the grid.