Showing papers on "Human capital published in 2022"
09 May 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a comparative analysis of fundamental information and communication technology (ICT) indicators and critical human capital measures for each UN Member State is presented, and the final measure or E-government Index could be useful tool for policy-planners as an annual benchmark.
Abstract: The study’s primary goal was to objectively present facts and conclusions that define a country’s e-government environment and demonstrate its capacity to sustain online development. This was accomplished by a comparative analysis of fundamental information and communication technology (ICT) indicators and critical human capital measures for each UN Member State. The final measure or E-government Index Could be useful tool for policy-planners as an annual benchmark.
537 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated whether technological innovation, natural resource consumption, globalization, economic growth, human capital development, and financial development influence the ecological footprint figures in 73 developing countries over the period from 1990 to 2016.
222 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent on carbon emissions within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis was investigated.
Abstract: Achieving carbon neutral requires a comprehensive understanding of the effect of different key factors on carbon emissions. To this end, this study investigates the effect of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent on carbon emissions within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Second-generation econometric tests, Generalized Method of Moments and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares estimator were developed based on the aggregated dataset of 208 countries from 1990 to 2018. The results show that (i) the EKC hypothesis is validated when the effects of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy consumption, and natural resource rents are considered. The relationship between income level and carbon emissions shows an "inverted U-shaped" curve at the global level. Besides, the real GDP per capita corresponding to the EKC turning point is 19,203$. (ii) Renewable energy consumption and human capital have heterogeneous effects on carbon emissions in before- and after-EKC turning points. Specifically, renewable energy consumption has a better emission reduction effect for countries before the EKC turning point, with effects of -0.4334 and -0.1598, respectively; human capital has a better emission reduction effect for countries after the EKC turning point, with effects of -0.6311 and -0.3398, respectively.(iii) the mitigation effect of trade openness on carbon emissions is only effective in countries with weak decoupling after EKC turning points, with a mitigating effect of -0.0615. However, natural resource rents increase carbon emissions in most countries.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the nexus between information and communication technologies (ICT), renewable energy, economic complexity, human capital, financial development, and ecological footprint for E-7 and G-7 countries over the period from 1995 to 2018.
135 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the impact of the urban innovation environment on the effect of green technological innovations on CO2 emissions and found that green technology innovations can contribute to CO2 emission mitigation after 2010, while the effect was not significant in Chinese cities before 2010.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the effect of financial development, human capital, and institutional quality on the ecological footprint in emerging countries and investigated the role of institutional quality in the financial development-EF nexus.
101 citations
TL;DR: The authors explore the educational response to fracking by taking advantage of the timing of its diffusion and spatial variation in the oil and gas industry, and explore the response of the educational community to this technological breakthrough.
Abstract: The authors explore the educational response to fracking—a recent technological breakthrough in the oil and gas industry—by taking advantage of the timing of its diffusion and spatial variation in ...
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on energy security in 66 countries for the period 1996-2019 and found that ICT mainly affects energy security through financial development and technological progress.
67 citations
13 Sep 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the slack-based model (SBM)-unexpected model and entropy method are applied to measure China's energy-saving potential and Internet development, and empirically analyze the direct effect, mediating effect, threshold effect and regional heterogeneity of Internet on ESP.
Abstract: With the development of information technology application in environmental governance, the role of Internet in improving energy efficiency and reducing energy-saving potential (ESP) has attracted more attention. The slack-based model (SBM)-unexpected model and entropy method are applied to measure China’s energy-saving potential and Internet development. Further, we empirically analyze the direct effect, mediating effect, threshold effect and regional heterogeneity of Internet on ESP. The conclusion reflects that there is a significant spatial correlation between Internet penetration and ESP. Internet penetration has become an important tool for reducing ESP, but this effect shows regional heterogeneity. Human capital accumulation, financial development and industrial upgrading are important influencing mechanisms, but indirect effects are weaker than direct effects. The impact of Internet penetration on ESP is non-linear. For improving human capital accumulation, financial development and industrial upgrading, the role of Internet popularization in energy conservation is more obvious.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors empirically assess the impact of education on energy poverty through the lens of human capital theory and find that education has a negative impact on the energy poverty.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the impact of digitalization on energy and its mechanisms from an international perspective and showed that digitalization reduces energy consumption, decreases energy intensity and optimizes energy structure.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the link between human capital, energy consumption, and economic growth using data for the Chinese economy from 1971 to 2018 and found that human capital accumulation has a statistically significant negative effect on all types of energy consumption.
TL;DR: In this paper , the influence of technological innovations, economic growth, renewable energy, natural resources, and human capital on GHG emissions in Mercosur countries from 1990 to 2018 was investigated.
TL;DR: The estimated results asserted that economic growth, government health expenditure, and human capital significantly reduce human health disasters like malaria incidences and cases and greenhouse gas emissions and regulatory quality are significantly and positively correlated to human health issues in emerging economies.
Abstract: The current study investigates the association of various economic, non-economic, governance, and environmental indicators on human health for seven emerging economies. Covering the period from 2000Q1 to 2018Q1, this study uses various panel data approaches for empirical estimations. The data is found first-order stationary. Besides, the panel slope is heterogeneous and cross-sectional dependence is present. Further, the cointegration association is found valid among the variables. Therefore, panel quantile regression is used to determine the long-run impact of each explanatory variable on human health at four quantiles (Q25, Q50, Q75, and Q90). The estimated results asserted that economic growth, government health expenditure, and human capital significantly reduce human health disasters like malaria incidences and cases. At the same time, greenhouse gas emissions and regulatory quality are significantly and positively correlated to human health issues in emerging economies. Moreover, mixed (unidirectional and bidirectional) causal associations exist between the variables. This study also provides relevant policy implications based on the empirical results, providing a path for regulating various economic, environmental, and governance sectors. Effective policy implementation and preventive measures can reduce the spread of diseases and mortality rates due to Malaria.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the impact of ICT capital on carbon emission efficiency and its spatial spillover effects from a digital investment perspective, and found that ICT communication capital was found to have the strongest effect on improving carbon emissions efficiency, while ICT hardware capital and software capital had weaker effect.
TL;DR: This article examined the effects of school closures during the Covid-19 pandemic on children's education and found that high school students from low-income neighborhoods suffer a learning loss of 0.4 standard deviations after a one-year school closure.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on sustainable production and investigated the role of SC mapping and blockchain-driven supply chain management (BCSCM) in the association between IC and sustainable production.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the interrelationship between green human resource management and green innovation in the hotel industry through the mediation of green human capital and environmental knowledge and moderation of managerial environmental concerns.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed the link between human capital efficiency and carbon emissions using a comprehensive sample of 5740 firms across eight countries spanning over ten years and found that there is a negative relationship between investment in human capital and carbon emission.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of eco-innovation along with human capital, and trade openness on energy consumption at the aggregate (total) and disaggregate levels (Renewable and non-renewable).
TL;DR: Based on the systematical analysis on the significance of poverty research, the authors put forward the impoverished areal system (IAS), and then elaborated the main contents, research progresses and existing problems in GOP research, and finally proposed the possible key areas in the future.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigate the effect of eco-innovation along with human capital, and trade openness on energy consumption at the aggregate (total) and disaggregate levels (Renewable and non-renewable).
TL;DR: In this article , a quantile autoregressive distributive lag method was employed to analyze the long-run and short-run dynamics of environmental degradation in Brazil and China, showing that economic growth has a positive role in the environmental degradation of both countries.
Abstract: The relations among ecological footprints, biocapacity per capita, gross domestic product per capita, natural resources, urbanization, human capital, and hydroelectric consumption are analyzed from 1971Q1 to 2017Q4 for Brazil and China. The novel quantile autoregressive distributive lag method was employed to analyze the long-run and short-run dynamics of environmental degradation. The findings revealed that economic growth has a positive role in the environmental degradation of both countries. However, human capital, natural resources, and hydropower have heterogeneous effects across quantile distribution and between the two countries. Based on the quantile dynamics of environmental degradation, the present study mentions policy implications for sustainable development.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the interlinkage of renewable energy, technology innovation, human capital, and governance on environment quality by using a panel quantile regression in Asian emerging economies over the period of 1990-2019.
Abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the interlinkage of renewable energy, technology innovation, human capital, and governance on environment quality by using a panel quantile regression in Asian emerging economies over the period of 1990–2019. The results indicated that higher economic growth, population density, technological innovation in renewable energy, and exploitation of natural resources have significantly raised CO2 emissions in emerging Asia. Furthermore, larger capital, more use of renewable energy, green technology, and human capital development can improve environmental sustainability in Asia. As for governances, proxied by corruption rates, no evidence indicated that it has resulted in more damage, unlike earlier studies have suggested. The findings indicated that the three channels exposed in the Kuznets hypothesis can serve as a reference for proposals for environmental policies (scale of consumption, energy composition, and choice of technologies). There are opportunities to reduce CO2 emissions through investments in human development, investing in new technologies to increase efficiency in energy (generation and consumption), increasing working capital (GCF), and migrating to more environmentally friendly energy. The negative link between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth, increases in population density, and exploitation of natural resources can compromise the achievement of sustainable environmental goals.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the role of remittances in the process of human capital development in the top 10 remittance recipients for the period spanning from 1980 to 2019.
Abstract: As a growth input, human capital and remittances have received significant attention and their role on other macro fundamentals has also been investigated. However, the effects of remittances on human capital development are not yet conclusive in the literature. The motivation of the study is to gauge the role of remittances in the process of human capital development in the topb10 remittance recipients for the period spanning from 1980 to 2019. The study has implemented symmetric and asymmetric estimations to explore the effects of remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation on human capital development. The study documented a positive and statistically significant linkage between remittances and human capital development; a similar linkage was revealed for FDI and gross capital formation. Asymmetric assessment detected asymmetric effects running from remittances, FDI, and gross capital formation to human capital development, both in the long-run and the short-run. Moreover, asymmetric shocks in remittances and FDI have exposed positive and statistically significant human capital development. In contrast, gross capital formation revealed a negative and statistically significant connection with human capital development. Referring to a directional causality test, the study documented a feedback hypothesis that holds in explaining the causality between remittances, FDI, and human capital development and unidirectional causality running from gross capital formation and human capital development. In regard to policy formulation, the study suggested that offering additional incentives could induce migrants to send more remittances into the economy, eventually supporting sustainable economic growth. Second, an efficient and effective financial sector can ensure optimal utilization through the channel of capital formation in the economy; therefore, countries must pay attention to the establishment of efficient intermediation.
TL;DR: The authors investigated the determinants of radical (“creative”) innovations that break new ground in knowledge creation and developed a model focusing on the choice between incremental and radical innovation and on how managers of different ages and human capital are sorted across firms.
Abstract: We investigate the determinants of radical (“creative”) innovations that break new ground in knowledge creation. We develop a model focusing on the choice between incremental and radical innovation and on how managers of different ages and human capital are sorted across firms. Firm- and patent-level evidence reveals that firms that are more “open to disruption” are significantly more likely to engage in radical innovation and hire younger managers and inventors with a comparative advantage in radical innovation. However, once the effect of the sorting is factored in, the (causal) impact of manager age on creative innovations, though positive, is small. (JEL D22, L26, M10, M14, O31, O34)
TL;DR: The authors found that exposure to illegal labor markets during childhood leads to the formation of industry-specific human capital at an early age, putting children on a criminal life path, and that affected children are about 30% more likely to be incarcerated for violent and drug-related crimes as adults.
Abstract: This paper provides evidence that exposure to illegal labor markets during childhood leads to the formation of industry‐specific human capital at an early age, putting children on a criminal life path. Using the timing of U.S. antidrug policies, I show that when the return to illegal activities increases in coca suitable areas in Peru, parents increase the use of child labor for coca farming, putting children on a criminal life path. Using administrative records, I show that affected children are about 30% more likely to be incarcerated for violent and drug‐related crimes as adults. No effect in criminality is found for individuals that grow up working in places where the coca produced goes primarily to the legal sector, suggesting that it is the accumulation of human capital specific to the illegal industry that fosters criminal careers. However, the rollout of a conditional cash transfer program that encourages schooling mitigates the effects of exposure to illegal industries, providing further evidence on the mechanisms.
TL;DR: The Nurturing Care Framework, as adapted to age 20 years, conceptualises the major influences during periods of development from preconception, through pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence that affect human capital as mentioned in this paper .