Showing papers on "Identity (philosophy) published in 2011"
10 Feb 2011
TL;DR: The Younger Scholar Prize Announcement as discussed by the authors was the first prize for metaphysics, which was given by the Oxford Studies in Metaphysics (OSM) and was based on the idea of naturalness and naturalness.
Abstract: Oxford Studies in Metaphysics: Younger Scholar Prize Announcement I. FINDING THE FUNDAMENTAL 1. Naturalness 2. Fundamental Properties of Fundamental Properties 3. Absolutism vs. Comparativism about Quantity II. ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENTS: WORDS AND SLOTS 4. Modal Quantification without Worlds 5. Slots in Universals III. MEREOLOGY 6. Against Parthood 7. Composition as General Identity 8. Cut the Pie Any Way You Like? Cotnoir on General Identity IV. THE A-THEORY OF TIME 9. Living on the Brink, or Welcome Back, Growing Block! 10. Fighting the Zombie of the Growing Salami 11. Changing Truthmakers: Reply to Tallant and Ingram
217 citations
Book•
15 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an ontological view of the self in the sense of a person's consciousness, memory, and self-concern, based on the notions of identity, Morality, and the after-life.
Abstract: Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION: Aims and Issues PART I: THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY BACKGROUND 1. The 'Ontological' View of the Self: Scholastic and Cartesian Conceptions 2. Metaphysical Alternatives. Conceptions of Identity, Morality, and the Afterlife PART II: LOCKE'S SUBJECTIVIST REVOLUTION 3. Locke on Identity, Consciousness, and Self-Consciousness 4. Locke on Personal Identity: Consciousness, Memory, and Self-Concern PART III: PROBLEMS WITH LOCKE. CRITIQUE AND DEFENCE 5. The Notion of a Person and the Role of Consciousness and Memory 6. The Charge of Circularity and the Argument from the Transitivity of Identity PART IV: SUBJECTIVITY AND IMMATERIALIST METAPHYSICS OF THE MIND 7. The Soul, Human and Universal 8. Relating to the Soul and Pure Thought, Original Sin and the Afterlife PART V: SUSBSTANCE, APPERCEPTION AND IDENTITY: LEIBNIZ, WOLFF, AND BEYOND 9. Individuation and Identity, Apperception and Consciousness in Leibniz and Wolff 10. Beyond Leibniz and Wolff. From Immortality to the Necessary "Unity of the Subject" 11. From the Critique of Wolffian Apperception to the Idea of the "Pre-existence" of Self-Consciousness PART VI: BUNDLES AND SELVES: HUME IN CONTEXT 12. Hume and the Belief in Personal Identity 13. Hume and the Bundle View of the Self CONCLUSION: BEYOND HUME AND WOLFF BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
114 citations
TL;DR: The authors briefly canvass three different varieties of composition as identity, and suggest why one of them should be preferred over the others, and outline several versions of the most common objection against composition-as-identity.
Abstract: Many of us think that ordinary objects – such as tables and chairs – exist. We also think that ordinary objects have parts: my chair has a seat and some legs as parts, for example. But once we are committed to the (seemingly innocuous) thesis that ordinary objects are composed of parts, we then open ourselves up to a whole host of philosophical problems, most of which center on what exactly the composition relation is. Composition as Identity (CI) is the view that the composition relation is the identity relation. While such a view has some advantages, there are many arguments against it. In this essay, I will briefly canvass three different varieties of Composition as Identity, and suggest why one of them should be preferred over the others. Then I will outline several versions of the most common objection against CI. I will suggest how a CI theorist can respond to these charges by maintaining that some of the arguments are invalid. (In part 2, I show how a CI theorist can maintain that the remaining arguments, while valid, are unsound).
57 citations
Book•
17 Sep 2011
TL;DR: In the early Iron Age and early Archaic Greek mainland, ethnic expression on the Early Iron Age was represented by the Ionians in the Archaic period as mentioned in this paper and the Galatians in Roman Empire.
Abstract: Contents - 8[-]Introduction - 10[-]Ethnic expression on the Early Iron Age and early Archaic Greek mainland. Where should we be looking? - 20[-]The Ionians in the Archaic period. Shifting identities in a changing world - 46[-]From Athenian identity to European ethnicity - the cultural biography of the myth of Marathon - 94[-]Multi-ethnicity and ethnic segregation in Hellenistic Babylon - 110[-]The Galatians in the Roman Empire: historical tradition and ethnic identity in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor - 126[-]Material culture and plural identity in early Roman Southern Italy - 154[-]Foundation myths in Roman Palestine. Traditions and reworkings - 176[-]Ethnic discourses on the frontiers of Roman Africa - 198[-]Cruptorix and his kind. Talking ethnicity on the middle ground - 216[-]Hercules and the construction of a Batavian identity in the context of the Roman empire - 228[-]Ethnic identity in the Roman frontier. The epigraphy of Batavi and other Lower Rhine tribes - 248[-]Grave goods, ethnicity, and the rhetoric of burial rites in Late Antique Northern Gaul - 292[-]The early-medieval use of ethnic names from classical antiquity. The case of the Frisians - 330[-]Index of names and places - 348[-]List of contributors - 352
55 citations
01 Jan 2011
51 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the effect of international superordinate identification on the resolution of the tension between commitment to the sovereign authority of the state and deference to international law, and found that a strong sense of legal obligation strengthened politicians' compliance resolve by acting as a self-imposed constraint and by heightening their sensitivity to social pressure to uphold international law.
Abstract: All political leaders represent the political authority of the state and are committed to state sovereignty. Yet some are also moved by a sense of perceived international legal obligation and defer to international legal rules and institutions. Why do some politicians develop a sense of legal obligation and defer to international law while others do not? This dissertation seeks to explain the psychological logic of legal obligation. Legal obligation entails a tension between commitment to the sovereign authority of the state and deference to international law, and imposes psychological “sovereignty costs” upon politicians. I explain the psychological logic of legal obligation by analyzing the effect of international superordinate identification on the resolution of this tension. My central claim is that political leaders’ degree of international identification critically shapes their sense of legal obligation by affecting the perceived legitimacy of international law’s authority. I argue that international identification, through the causal mechanism of reference group membership, prompts politicians to re-conceptualize their countries as members of the international community rather than view statehood separate from membership in the society of states. International identification helps actors assimilate state-concept into the prototype of international community member, shift their understandings of the state’s legitimate duties to the international level, and associate sovereignty with recognized member status rather than with supreme decisionmaking authority. As a result of these transformations, international identification ii increases the perceived legitimacy of international law’s authority, influences how politicians process the psychological “sovereignty costs” involved in legal obligation, and thus conditions actors’ ability to reconcile commitment to sovereignty with deference to international law. Therefore, I argue that the variation in individual levels of legal obligation is created by the strength of international identification. High international identifiers view deference to international law as a responsibility of membership in the international community, and thus could balance sovereignty with deference with relative ease, leading them to form a strong sense of legal obligation. Low international identifiers perceive deference as loss of sovereign capacity, and thus lack a viable sense of legal obligation. I also analyze the relationship between legal obligation and compliance. I posit that a strong sense of legal obligation strengthens politicians’ compliance resolve by acting as a self-imposed constraint and by heightening their sensitivity to social pressure to uphold international law. Therefore, legal obligation increases an actor’s propensity to favor compliance even when compliance is costly. Employing survey and experimental methods, I test for the effect of international identification on the degree of legal obligation as well as examine the direct influence of legal obligation on compliance preferences. I evaluate my hypotheses both in the context of European Union law and international law. Using data from an original survey of German Parliamentarians and laboratory experiments, and employing quantitative methods of analysis, I find a systematic relationship between international identification and legal obligation strength. I further discover that a strong sense of legal obligation raises the threshold of compliance cost tolerance and increases compliance resolve. iii To My Family & For KaroŞ
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the status of the identity theory in current philosophical thinking, taking into account the objections and replies that Smart discussed as well as some that he did not anticipate.
Abstract: Fifty years ago J. J. C. Smart published his pioneering paper, “Sensations and Brain Processes.” It is appropriate to mark the golden anniversary of Smart's publication by considering how well his article has stood up, and how well the identity theory itself has fared. In this paper I first revisit Smart's (1959) text, reflecting on how it has weathered the years. Then I consider the status of the identity theory in current philosophical thinking, taking into account the objections and replies that Smart discussed as well as some that he did not anticipate. Finally, I offer a brief manifesto for the identity theory, providing a small list of the claims that I believe the contemporary identity theorist should accept. As it turns out, these are more or less the ones that Smart defended fifty years ago.
48 citations
TL;DR: The authors discuss several versions of the most common objection against composition as identity and show how the CI theorist can maintain that these arguments are nonetheless unsound. But they do not address the problem of what exactly the composition relation is.
Abstract: Many of us think that ordinary objects – such as tables and chairs – exist. We also think that ordinary objects have parts: my chair has a seat and some legs as parts, for example. But once we are committed to the (seemingly innocuous) thesis that ordinary objects are composed of parts, we then open ourselves up to a whole host of philosophical problems, most of which center on what exactly this composition relation is. Composition as Identity (CI) is the view that the composition relation is the identity relation. While such a view has some advantages, there are many arguments against it. In this essay, I discuss several versions of the most common objection against CI, and show how the CI theorist can maintain that these arguments – contrary their initial intuitive appeal – are nonetheless unsound.
44 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a different way to articulate the distinction, in terms of identity rather than temporal parts: an object endures if its identity is determined at every moment at which it exists.
Abstract: The terms ‘endurance’ and ‘perdurance’ are commonly thought to denote distinct ways for an object to persist, but it is surprisingly hard to say what these are. The common approach, defining them in terms of temporal parts, is mistaken, because it does not lead to two coherent philosophical alternatives: endurance so understood becomes conceptually incoherent, while perdurance becomes not just true but a conceptual truth. Instead, we propose a different way to articulate the distinction, in terms of identity rather than temporal parts: an object endures if its identity is determined at every moment at which it exists. We make precise what it means for the identity of an object to be determined at a moment. We also discuss what role the endurance/perdurance distinction, so understood, should play in the debates about time, material objects and personal identity.
37 citations
TL;DR: This article argued that no account along the lines of Lewis's can succeed, for an adequate account of intrinsicality must be sensitive to hyperintensional distinctions among properties, and argued that none of these moves are legitimate.
Abstract: The standard counterexamples to David Lewis’s account of intrinsicality involve two sorts of properties: identity properties and necessary properties. Proponents of the account have attempted to deflect these counterexamples in a number of ways. This paper argues that none of these moves are legitimate. Furthermore, this paper argues that no account along the lines of Lewis’s can succeed, for an adequate account of intrinsicality must be sensitive to hyperintensional distinctions among properties.
37 citations
TL;DR: Kearney as discussed by the authors describes a series of wagers about identity, nation, and race, which he describes as a "game of identity, race, and nation". But he does not discuss race.
Abstract: By Richard Kearney Columbia University Press, 2010. Pp. 269pp. ISBN 978–0–2311–4788–0. £20.50/$29.50 (hbk). Richard Kearney’s work has unfolded as a series of wagers – wagers about identity, nation...
Posted Content•
TL;DR: Performance analysis indicates that APCC is more efficient and lightweight than SSL Authentication Protocol (SAP), especially for the user side, which aligns well with the idea of cloud computing to allow the users with a platform of limited performance to outsource their computational tasks to more powerful servers.
Abstract: Abstract—Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and commonly virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. This paper, first presents a novel Hierarchical Architecture for Cloud Computing (HACC). Then, Identity-Based Encryption (IBE) and Identity-Based Signature (IBS) for HACC are proposed. Finally, an Authentication Protocol for Cloud Computing (APCC) is presented. Performance analysis indicates that APCC is more efficient and lightweight than SSL Authentication Protocol (SAP), especially for the user side. This aligns well with the idea of cloud computing to allow the users with a platform of limited performance to outsource their computational tasks to more powerful servers.
01 Jan 2011
01 Jan 2011
Journal Article•
Book•
09 Jun 2011
TL;DR: The Ontology of Knowledge as discussed by the authors is an ontology of knowledge that was introduced by Schelling and Heidegger, and it is based on the notion of being and the event.
Abstract: Translator's Introduction Introduction Part I: The Ontology of Knowledge 1. The Metaphysical Truth of Skepticism in Schelling and Hegel 2. Absolute Identity and Reflection: Kant, Hegel, McDowell 3. The Pathological Structure of Representation As Such: Soul, Body, and World in Hegel's Anthropology Part II: Schelling's Ontology of Freedom 4. The Ungrund as the Unsurpassable Other of Reflection: Schelling and the Way Out of Idealism 5. Unprethinkable Being and the Event: The Concept of Being in late Schelling and late Heidegger 6. Belated Necessity: God, Man and Judgment in Schelling's Positive Philosophy Part III: Contingency and Transcendence: Schelling v. Hegel? 7. The Dialectic of the Absolute: Hegel's Critique of Transcendent Metaphysics 8. The Spielraum of Contingency: Schelling and Hegel on the Modal Status of Logical Space Bibliography Index.
[...]
TL;DR: The relation between personal identity and memory is more complicated than Bernecker's analysis suggests as discussed by the authors, and it is argued that while some memories do not presuppose personal identity, those that are appealed to in memory-based accounts of personal identity do not, and the features of his view that allow him to define memory without reference to personal identity also obscure important features of memory that must be part of a complete account.
Abstract: Among the many topics covered in Sven Bernecker’s impressive study of memory is the relation between memory and personal identity. Bernecker uses his grammatical taxonomy of memory and causal account to defend the claim that memory does not logically presuppose personal identity and hence that circularity objections to memory-based accounts of personal identity are misplaced. In my comment I investigate these claims, suggesting that the relation between personal identity and memory is more complicated than Bernecker’s analysis suggests. In particular, I argue (1) that while he shows that some memories do not presuppose personal identity he fails to show that those that are appealed to in memory-based accounts of personal identity do not, and (2) that the features of his view that allow him to define memory without reference to personal identity also obscure important features of memory that must be part of a complete account.
Book•
10 Feb 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the history of art and nature from art-philosophy to the "mythology of reason" and the system of identity.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Dogmatism, Criticism and Art 2. From Nature-philosophy to the 'Mythology of Reason' 3. Artistic Activity and the Subversion of Transcendental Idealism 4. Substance and History: Art and the System of Identity 5. From Art and Nature to Revelation and Freedom Conclusion Bibliography Index.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give conditions to guarantee the existence of basins along [v] in the case of a degenerate characteristic direction, where V is a germ of (C^2,O) tangent to the identity.
Abstract: Let F be a germ of (C^2,O) tangent to the identity. Assume F has a characteristic direction [v]. In [Hak] Hakim gives conditions to guarantee the existence of an attracting basin to the origin along [v], in the case of [v] a non-degenerate characteristic direction. In this paper we give conditions to guarantee the existence of basins along [v] in the case of [v] a degenerate characteristic direction.
TL;DR: A simple proof is given of what is often described as “Ramanujan’s most beautiful identity”.
Abstract: A simple proof is given of what is often described as “Ramanujan’s most beautiful identity”.
Book•
04 Nov 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reconstruct the history of medieval and post-post-Cartesian theories of perception in terms of the negative heuristics of their respective research programs and provide explanations facilitated by the proposed rational reconstruction.
Abstract: I Introduction- II Reconstruction of the history of medieval and (post-) Cartesian theories of perception in terms of the negative heuristics of their respective research programs Basic epistemological contrasts- III The formation of competing optical traditions in early and late antiquity- (1) The various 'optical' research traditions in early and late antiquity represent rival research programs into the theory of visual perception- (2) The Aristotelian theory of vision- (3) The Stoic-Galenic tradition- (4) The geometrical tradition- IV The Identity Postulate at work in various research programs in the theory of vision during late antiquity and during the Arab and European Middle Ages- (1) The Identity Postulate at work in the Stoic-Galenic theory of vision- (2) The Identity Postulate at work in the geometrical tradition in the theory of vision- (3) The Identity Postulate at work in Alhazen's theory of vision- (4) The Identity Postulate reinforced by the Baconian-Alhazenian synthesis in optical theory Internal explanations facilitated by the proposed rational reconstruction- (5) The internal disintegration of the research program defined by the Identity Postulate during the 16th century- V The mathematization of physics and the mechanization of the world-picture gradually prepared in the development of medieval optics rather than in that of terrestrial or celestial mechanics- VI Mechanicism and the rise of an information theory of perception A naturalistic reconstruction of (post-) Cartesian epistemology- (1) Keplerian dioptrics, Cartesian mechanicism, and the rise of justificationist methodologies- (2) Complete demonstration in science impossible The need of conjectural theories affirmed- (3) Ambivalence towards any alleged sources of 'immediate' knowledge Epistemology founded on an empirical theory of the senses and the mind- (4) The rise of an information theory of perception Internal tensions of the representationist research program- (5) The representationist research program- (51) Descartes against the identity theory of perception The necessity of an information theory of perception- (52) Two radical consequences of the new theory of perception- (53) The negative heuristic of the Cartesian research program Dualism of thought and sense Descartes' information theory not a cognitive theory of perception- (6) Malebranche and the Cartesian research program into optical epistemology- (61) Ambiguities in Descartes' theory of sensory judgment Lack of a genuine (cognitive) theory of information processing- (62) Malebranche's theory of visual distance discrimination and of apparent magnitude- (63) Regis contra Malebranche's information theory of perception Corroborated empirical excess content of the Cartesian program according to Malebranche- (64) Tensions between the positive and the negative heuristic of the Cartesian research program The negative heuristic at work in Malebranche's theorizing- (65) Rational reconstruction of Malebranche's occasionalism Divine intervention and the computer analogy- (7) Conclusion- VII Epistemological issues underlying the nineteenth century controversies in physiological optics The Helmholtzian Program- (1) The 18th century Rationalist and empiricist developments Cross-fertilizations of originally competing programs- (2) The Helmholtzian research program into the theory of perception The true logic of discovery revealed by rational reconstruction of the grand movement of intellectual history rather than by 'faithful' intellectual biographies- (3) The relevance of German Romanticism to the Helmholtzian program- (4) Helmholtz's theory of subliminal cognitive activity- (5) Helmholtz's research program contrasted with competing epistemological programs- VIII The interplay between philosophy and physiology in Helmholtz's view- (1) Helmholtz's conception of philosophy in historical perspective- (2) Muller's Principle of Specific Sense Energies- (3) Helmholtz's theory of color vision- (4) Helmholtz's theory of physiological acoustics- (5) The philosophical significance of the Principle of Specific Sense Energies- IX Helmholtz's theory of the perception of space- (1) Sensation and perception- (2) The general idea of space and perceptual localization- (3) The intuitionist theories of Muller and Hering- (4) Helmholtz's empirical theory of perception- (5) Methodological arguments in defense of the empirical theory of perception- (6) The philosophical significance of the intuitionist-empiricist controversy- (7) The general idea of space- X Helmholtz's theory of unconscious inferences- (1) The need of an empirical non-introspective psychology- (2) Helmholtz's theory not a mechanistic theory, but a truly cognitive theory of information processing- (3) Helmholtz's theory of a continuum of cognitive functions beyond the edge of consciousness and beyond the grasp of verbal articulation- (4) Helmholtz's theory dogmatically dismissed by the twentieth century ban on psychologism Yet his cognitive theory superior as compared to traditional alternatives- (5) The synthetic functions of subconscious mental operations according to 19th and 20th century theoretical developments The problem of realism- XI The epistemological outcome of Helmholtz's naturalism Hypothetical realism- (1) Helmholtz's novel theory of causality in its relation to Kant, Reid and traditional empiricism- (2) Lack of an adequate psychology Weaknesses of Helmholtz's theory- List of abbreviations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Olmstead as mentioned in this paper analyzed the way civic leaders and city boosters used the celebration as an opportunity to reinforce the city's western identity while proclaiming an image of modernity to fairgoers.
Abstract: FROM OLD SOUTH TO MODERN WEST: FORT WORTH’S CELEBRATION OF THE TEXAS STATE CENTENNIAL AND THE SHAPING OF AN URBAN IDENTITY AND IMAGE by Jacob W. Olmstead, Ph.D., 2011 Department of History and Geography Texas Christian University Dissertation Advisor: Todd M. Kerstetter, Associate Professor of History Gregg Cantrell, Professor of History Rebecca Sharpless, Associate Professor of History Peter Szok, Associate Professor of History Using Fort Worth’s 1936 celebration of the Texas State Centennial as a case study, this dissertation analyzes the way civic leaders and city boosters used the celebration as an opportunity to reinforce the city’s western identity while proclaiming an image of modernity to fairgoers. Chapter one describes the origin of Fort Worth’s bid to host a memorial celebration to the livestock industry as part of Texas’s centennial festivities in 1936 and the efforts of city boosters to use the celebration to repackage the city’s western identity and simultaneously promulgate its images as a modern metropolis. The second chapter describes the gradual disenchantment of West Texans with the eastern focus of state’s centennial plans and their support for and participation in Fort Worth’s celebration. Chapter three describes the early efforts of Frontier Centennial planners to develop “authentic” western attractions while omitting references to the city’s southern heritage and the prominent role played by Fort Worth’s club women in refining the celebration’s commemorative message. The fourth chapter analyzes the circumstances which ultimately brought Rose to Fort Worth and his pitch to revamp Frontier Centennial plans. Chapter five describes Rose’s sexualization of the celebration and explores the paradoxical role played by women during the Frontier Centennial. Finally, the sixth chapter demonstrates Rose’s use of prevailing symbols of the mythic West in the creation of a “themed space” in the physical layout of the Frontier Centennial fair grounds.
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the structural properties of AG-groupoids with respect to the cancellativity and invertibility of the elements of the groupoid and proved that the set of non-cancellative elements form a maximal ideal.
Abstract: An AG-groupoid is a non-associative groupoid in general in which the identity (ab)c = (cb)a holds. In this paper we study some struc- tural properties of AG-groupoids with respect to the cancellativity. We prove that cancellative and non-cancellative elements of an AG-groupoid S parti- tion S and the two classes are AG-subgroupoids of S if S has left identity e. Cancellativity and invertibility coincide in a nite AG-groupoid S with left identity e: For a nite AG-groupoid S with left identity e having at least one non-cancellative element, the set of non-cancellative elements form a maximal ideal. We also prove that for an AG-groupoid S; the conditions (i) S is left cancellative (ii) S is right cancellative (iii) S is cancellative, are equivalent.
Book•
30 Apr 2011
TL;DR: Moland as discussed by the authors argues that patriotism for Hegel indicates an attitude toward the state, whereas national identity is a response to culture, and the two combine, Hegel claims, to enable citizens to develop concrete freedom.
Abstract: In" Hegel on Political Identity," Lydia Moland provocatively draws on Hegel's political philosophy to engage sometimes contentious contemporary issues such as patriotism, national identity, and cosmopolitanism. Moland argues that patriotism for Hegel indicates an attitude toward the state, whereas national identity is a response to culture. The two combine, Hegel claims, to enable citizens to develop concrete freedom. Moland argues that Hegel's account of political identity extends to his notorious theory of world history; she also proposes that his resistance to cosmopolitanism be reassessed in response to our globalized world. By focusing on Hegel's depiction of political identity as a central part of modern life, Moland shows the potential of Hegel's philosophy to address issues that lie at the heart of ethical and political philosophy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the super high-order Virasoro 3-algebra was investigated and a super Nambu-Poisson bracket was defined to satisfy the generalized skewsymmetry, Leibniz rule and fundamental identity.
Abstract: We investigate the super high-order Virasoro 3-algebra. By applying the appropriate scaling limits on the generators, we obtain the super $w_{\infty}$ 3-algebra which satisfies the generalized fundamental identity condition. We also define a super Nambu-Poisson bracket which satisfies the generalized skewsymmetry, Leibniz rule and fundamental identity. By means of this super Nambu-Poisson bracket, the realization of the super $w_{\infty}$ 3-algebra is presented.