Showing papers on "Isopropyl alcohol published in 1980"

Adsorption and decomposition of isopropyl alcohol over zinc oxide. Infrared and kinetic study

Abstract: The adsorption of isopropyl alcohol and acetone on zinc oxide was studied by an infrared technique which revealed that isopropyl alcohol is dissociatively adsorbed at room temperature to form zinc alcoholate and hydroxyl group on the surface, while the adsorption of acetone takes place in its enolic form. When adsorbed isopropyl alcohol was heated to 363 K, the zinc alcoholate species changed gradually to acetone adsorbed in its enolic form, which further desorbed at higher temperatures as acetone, being replaced by the attacking isopropyl alcohol.The behaviour of the adsorbed species during decomposition of isopropyl alcohol on zinc oxide was studied in more detail, leading to the overall reaction mechanism described by eqn (V).

Simulated food product and method of manufacture therefor

Abstract: Simulated food products in the form of discrete shape-retaining pieces having a calcium alginate gel matrix, and in particular simulated meat petfoods, are made from a mixture produced by mixing (a) an aqueous slurry comprising a comminuted food material and having a water-soluble alginate salt dissolved therein, with (b) a slurry, usually aqueous, of a calcium salt sparingly soluble in water having a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol or a sugar comprised therein as a retardant; and thereafter allowing the mixture to gel. The alcohol may be isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, propylene glycol or butylene glycol. Corn syrup, sucrose or a mixture of sugars may be used as the sugar.

Free-radical reductions of arenediazonium ions in aqueous solution. IV. Kinetics of reactions of para-substituted diazonium ions with benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and methanol

Abstract: Electron-withdrawing substituents are shown to increase the chain length of free-radical hydro-dediazoniation reactions, but the actual reaction step causing the substituent effect depends on the relative rates of propagation and termination reactions. With benzyl alcohol as reducing agent the rate of the slow propagation step is increased, while with isopropyl alcohol the rate of the termination step is decreased. Rate constants for some reactions of radicals with diazonium ions are reported, and the nature of some of these reactions and their implication for an understanding of the homolysis of aromatic diazo compounds are discussed.

All purpose cleaner

Abstract: A cleaning solution consisting essentially of isopropyl alcohol, linear dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, a primary alcohol containing 9 to 11 carbon atoms and an average of about 6 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, a primary alcohol containing 9 to 11 carbon atoms and an average of about 2.5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate and dy-methol poly siloxane emulsified in water.

Effect of solvent on the copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate

Abstract: The ethylene (M1)–vinyl acetate (M2) copolymerization at 62°C and 35 kg/cm2 with α,α′-azo-bisisobutyronitrile as initiator has been studied in four different solvents, viz., tert-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzene, and N,N-dimethylformamide. The experimental method used was based on frequent measurement of the composition of the reaction mixture throughout the copolymerization reaction by means of quantitative gas chromatographic analysis. Highly accurate monomer reactivity ratios have been calculated by means of the curve-fitting I procedure. The observed dependence of the r values on the nature of the solvent is surprisingly large and can be correlated with the volume changes (= excess volumes) observed on mixing vinyl acetate (VAc) with the relevant solvent. An increased hydrogen bonding or dipole–dipole interaction through the carbonyl moiety of the acetate side group of VAc, induces a decreased electron density on the vinyl group of VAc, which in turn leads to a decreased VAc reactivity. The differences among the overall rates of copolymerization in the various solvents can be interpreted in terms of a variable chain transfer to solvent and the rate of the subsequent reinitiation by the solvent radical. In the case of benzene, complex formation is believed to play an important part.

Highly anisotropic membranes

Abstract: The discovery that highly anisotropic membranes, e.g. with a degree of anisotropy of five can for the very first time be produced by the dry phase inversion process by a very specific combination of polymers, solvent and non-solvent, optionally along with plasticizers and modifiers, all of which separately are known in membrane technology, the polymers consisting essentially of cellulose nitrate and cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate mixed ester polymers, the solvent being methyl formate, propylene oxide, or mixtures thereof, and the non-solvents being isopropyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol or mixtures thereof, is disclosed.

Ink composition for skin marking

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an ink composition which is useful and highly safe for use in surgical treatment, by using as a solvent a lower alcohol, e.g., ethyl alcohol, and water, as a regulating agent glycerine, polyoxypropylene, etc., and a low-toxicity edible coloring matter. CONSTITUTION:A solvent (a), e.g., at least one of ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and water, a regulating agent (b), e.g., at least one of glycerin, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, or a derivative of these, a coloring matter (c), e.g., edible coloring matters, official coloring matters which can be used in all medical supplies other than medicines and in cosmetics, etc., and an auxiliary regulating agent (d), e.g., cellulose derivatives, various dextrins, etc., are mixed to obtain the subject ink composition for skin marking.

Trimethylsilyl derivatives for the study of silicate structures. Part 7. Calcium silicate structures

Abstract: A detailed study was made of the yield and products of trimethylsilylation of calcium orthosilicate (Ca2[SiO4]), rankinite (Ca3[Si2O7]), and pseudowollastonite (Ca3[Si3O9]) under various experimental conditions. With hexamethyldisiloxane, chlorotrimethylsilane, and isopropyl alcohol as reagents, in the absence of added water Ca2[SiO4] yielded predominantly SiO4(SiMe3)x(Pri)4–x(x= 1–4) and a lesser amount of Si2O7(SiMe3)x(Pri)6–x(x= 2–6), Ca3[Si2O7] gave predominantly Si2O7(SiMe3)x(Pri)6–x(x= 2–6), and Ca3[Si3O9] gave predominantly Si3O9(SiMe3)x(Pri)6–x(x= 2–6) and Si3O10(SiMe3)x(Pri)8–x(x= 3–8). Mixed trimethylsilyl–isopropyl derivatives were converted to the fully trimethylsilylated derivatives SiO4(SiMe3)4, Si2O7(SiMe3)6, and Si3O10(SiMe3)8 on treatment with Amberlyst 15 ion-exchange resin in the presence of hexamethyldisiloxane. In the trimethylsilylation of Ca2[SiO4] reaction of the mineral itself is complete within ca. 6 min at room temperature, under the conditions employed, and the majority of unwanted side reactions which yield Si2O7 and Si3O10 derivatives occur during the first 3–4 min. Side reactions may be suppressed by increasing the proportion of isopropyl alcohol and decreasing that of Ca2[SiO4] in the reagents. The presence of both isopropyl alcohol and chlorotrimethylsilane is necessary for reaction to occur. Isopropyl alcohol may be replaced by either ethyl alcohol or water, although the yield is reduced. When isopropyl alcohol is replaced by water, only the fully trimethylsilylated derivatives are formed. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed and experimental conditions are described which give highest yields of the desired products.

Studies on tetrahydroisoquinolines. Part 14. A synthesis of 4-alkoxyaporphines

Abstract: (±)-4β-Acetoxythaliporphine (2) on dissolution in methanol is converted into (±)-4β-methoxyaporphine (4). While (2) reacted with primary alcohols (ethyl and benzyl alcohols) in the presence of boron trifluoride-ether to give the corresponding (±)-4β-alkoxythaliporphines (7) and (8) stereospecifically, reaction with secondary alcohols (isopropyl alcohol and cyclohexanol) and with neopentyl alcohol gave a mixture of the (±)-4β-(11), (12), and (14) and (±)-4β-(9), (10), and (13) alkoxyaporphines. However, in the case of reaction with t-butyl alcohol several (±)-4-alkenyl derivatives (15), (16), (19), and (21)–(23) were obtained.

Water soluble pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol wood treating systems

Abstract: This invention relates generally to water soluble wood treating compositions and methods for preservation of wood or products made from wood. In the general practice of this invention, wooden objects are treated with water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of n-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45% of an amine selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanolamine and mixtures thereof and (D) from about 1% to about 97% by weight water. In addition, these wood treating formulations may contain up to 10% by weight of added ingredients selected from the group of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, copper salts, sodium chromates, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium n-dihydroxyethylglycinate and/or up to 20% by weight ammonium or sodium lignin sulfonate.

Process of producing hydroxypropyl cellulose

Abstract: Hydroxypropyl cellulose having superior solubility in isopropyl alcohol is obtained by reacting an alkali cellulose of unusually low NaOH/cellulose and water/cellulose ratios with propylene oxide in two stage successive reactions interposing an addition of water.

Copper catalyst for fuels

Abstract: Additive energy saving improves fuel for jet engines, gasoline engines and diesel engines, including additions to home heating oils and industrial oils slight (No. 2 and No. 3) and the fuel residual or bunker (No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6), comprising as active ingredients a catalytic mixture of a large proportion of picric acid and a small proportion of cupric sulfate. cupric sulphate 0,01 - 0.03%; Picric acid 1 - 2%; methanol: 35 - 50%; isopropyl alcohol: 15 - 5%; toluene: 43 - 48%; nitrobenzene: 0.6 to 1.0%; Primene 81R 0,5 - 1.0%. Additional variations include (1) the replacement of toluene with about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol for reasons of toxicity and (2) the replacement of toluene with 10% methanol, 45% alcohol isopropyl, and 45% Kerozene as reduction factor costs. A preferred additive consists of: copper sulfate: 0.02%; picric acid: 1.54%; methanol: 35%; isopropyl alcohol: 15%; toluene: 48, 3%; nitrobenzene: 0.8%; Primene 81R: 0.05%.

Thioetherglycidyl resins. I. Products of condensation of 1‐mercaptomethylnaphthalene and 1,4‐, 1,5‐di‐(mercaptomethyl) naphthalene and their mixtures with epichlorohydrin

Abstract: New thioetherglycidyl resins produced by condensation of 1-mercaptomethylnaphthalene, 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)naphthalene, 1,5-di(mercaptomethyl)naphthalene, and their mixture of 1,4- and 1,5-di(mercaptomethyl)naphthalene with epichlorohydrin were obtained. The condensation was carried out in two ways. In the first way, potassium salt of mercaptans and epichlorohydrin were used. In the second, epichlorohydrin was added to mercaptans and then the obtained chlorohydrin thioether was dehydrohalogenated by the alkaline hydroxide in water and n-butanol or isopropyl alcohol solution. The method of heterogeneous condensation of dithiol with epichlorohydrin in water and isopropyl alcohol solution proved to be the most effective. Yield, the epoxide content, and the total chlorine content for all resins were found. The structure of thioetherglycidyl resins with the highest epoxide content was determined by elementary analysis, and infrared (IR) and NMR spectra. Thermal stability of resins was studied during long controlled heating at unchanged temperature and short heating carrying the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) mainly in air. As follows from the studies, thioetherglycidyl resins can be cured both chemically and thermally.

Spray drying process for preparation of solid sodium amoxycillin

Abstract: Sodium amoxycillin is obtained by spray drying a solution of sodium amoxycillin in aqueous isopropyl alcohol, wherein the initial ratio of isopropyl alcohol to sodium amoxycillin present in the solution to be spray dried is from 5:3 to 3:1 w/w.

Acidification of subterranean formations employing halogenated hydrocarbons

Abstract: The in situ production of hydrochloric acid in a subterranean formation to increase the flow of gas or oil therefrom by decomposing a polyhalohydrocarbon in the formation is accomplished at lower temperature by injecting the polyhalohydrocarbon together with isopropyl alcohol or a Lewis acid, e.g. FeCl 3 , or a mixture of the alcohol and Lewis acid.

Substituted isopropyl alcohol

Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:Substituted isopropyl alcohol of formula I (both dotted lines are unsaturated bonds or single bonds at the same time) EXAMPLE: 1,1-Disopentylisopropyl alcohol. USE: Base for perfumes and cosmetics, and solvent. PROCESS: 1,1-Disopentylisopropyl alcohol of formula I is obtained, e.g. by the catalytic hydrogenation of 1,1-isopentenylacetone of formula II at room temp. W200°C under atmospheric or positive pressure in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst, e.g. Ni, V, Rh, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Agent for total basicity simplified measurement of lubricating oil

Abstract: PURPOSE:To measure the total basicity of lubricating oil simply and rapidly, by using an indicator obtained by dissolving a hidrocarbon solvent, one or more of a specified acid and an indicator with 4-6 pH in a low fatty alcohol water solution with a specified quantity of water. CONSTITUTION:A solution manufactured by dissolving a hidrocarbon solvent, which can dilute a lubricating oil sample, not less then one kind of an acid among perchloric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, and an indicator, which colors at 4-6pH, in a low fatty monoatomic alcohol water solution with 10-80 volume % water content is employed as a total basicity measuring agent of lubricating oil. It is preferable that n-hexane, toluene, kerosene, etc. are made use of as the hydrocarbon solvent and an indicator for neutralization analysis - particularly, a mixed indicator, etc. of methyl red and bromcresol green - is used as the indicator with 4-6pH. Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc. are employed as low fatty alcohol.

A simple method of determination of nitrobenzene and nitrochlorobenzene in air and urine.

Abstract: An analytical method based on the direct coupling of the dye sodium salt of 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid with the chemically converted nitrobenzene (NB) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (NCB) to aniline and p-chloroaniline in aqueous medium (pH 7.0-9.0) is presented. The coupled dye is extracted in carbon tetrachloride and spectrophotometrically determined at 450 nm wavelength. Carbon tetrachloride is found to be a selective solvent for extraction of aniline and its analogous coupled derivative of the dye, thus the interference of the other urinary nitro and amine compounds normally present is removed. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are efficient sampling media for trapping airborne NB and NCB vapors. The sensitivity and precision of the method are 10 micrograms and 3.5%, respectively, for NB and NCB in air samples. The sensitivity and precision of this method for urinary NB and NCB estimation is 0.8 mg/L and 0.6 mg/L; and 6.1% and 4.0%, respectively.

Radiation polymerization of cationic monomer in aqueous alcohol

Abstract: A process for the production of water-soluble, substantially solid, cationic polymers comprises the step of irradiating an aqueous solution with ionizing radiation, the aqueous solution comprising at least 50% by weight of one, or two or more of specific type of amino ester or esters optionally being accompanied by acrylamide, and at least 0.1% by weight of a specific type of alcohol as an agent for inhibiting water-insolubility of the resulting polymer. The amino esters have the generic formula ##STR1## wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 each represents an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms and x.sup.(-) represents an anion; or from the combination of at least one of said amino esters and acrylamide. The alcohols have the formula ##STR2## wherein X', Y' and Z' each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, providing at least one of said X', Y' and Z' is OH; and L, m and n each represents a natural number; and include isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec. butyl alcohol, glycerine and propylene glycol.

Treating method for waste sulfuric acid containing toluene sulfonic acid derivative

Abstract: PURPOSE:To recover sulfuric acid from a waste sulfuric acid soln. contg. toluene sulfonic acid derivatives by adding a specified org. solvent to the soln. and by simultaneously converting sulfuric acid contained into its ammonium salt to separate the soln. into two layers. CONSTITUTION:To a waste sulfuric acid soln. contg. toluene sulfonic acid derivatives such as isomers of 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid is added about 2- 100, pref. 10-60 vol% of one or more kinds of solvents selected from 2-6C alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, 2-4C ketones such as acetone, 2-4C aliph. esters such as methyl acetate, 3-8C aliph. carboxylic acids such as butyric acid, and 5- and 6-membered cyclic ethers such as dixoane. After adding ammonia gas or ammonia water furthermore, the soln. is allowed to stand, thus being separated into an org. solvent layer contg. the derivatives and an aq. soln. layer contg. ammonium sulfate. The layers are then taken out separately.

Novel molecular compound* its preparation* and compound for vulcanizing fluoroelastomer that contain the same

Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:Molecular compounds of active hydrogen-containing aromatic compound-quarternary phosphonium salt. EXAMPLE:The molecular compound of bisphenol-AF-triphenylbenzylphosphonium chloride. USE:Vulcanizing accelerator for fluoroelastomer suitably used as gasket and O-ring. PREPARATION:An active-hydrogen-containing aromatic compound, e.g., bisphenol- AF[2,2-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane] is dissolved in an organic polar solvent, e.g., isopropyl alcohol, and a quarternary phosphonium compound, e.g., triphenylbenzylphosphonium chloride is added to the solution. Then, they are heated under stirring to 70-80 deg.C to form the objective compound.

Catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a catalyst having high activity for use in the oxidation of carbon monoxide by simple process comprising impregnating a refractory porous carier with an alcoholic solution of a platinum group metal compound and heating the resulting material CONSTITUTION:A noble metal salt such as palladium chloride, ruthenium chloride is dissolved in a solvent An alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol as a reducing agent is added to the resulting product in an amount ranging from 20-60 times by weight of the platinum group metal component A refractory porous carrier such as alumina is impregnated with the resulting solution The carrier is heated at a temperature of from 80 to 200 degC to obtain a catalyst When gas containing oxygen and carbon monoxide is contacted with the catalyst at a temperature of below 140 degC, carbon monoxide is highly converted to carbon dioxide

Synthesis of (1‐14C)valine

Abstract: The method for the synthesis of DL-(1-14C)valine (reaction of ethyl N-(1-phthalimido)-isobutyl-1-carbamate with K14CN in ethyl alcohol, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the labelled nitrile) reported by Egyed et al. (Acta Chim. Hung. 38: 123, 1963) was studied. The yield of valine could be increased to 75-80 % by using dry isopropyl alcohol and extending the hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid-acetic acid to 36 hours. This is better than or comparable to the yields obtained with the Strecker or Bucherer methods. Since the replacement of the phthalimido ring with cyanide proved to be of the SN1 type, a stereospecific synthesis of L- or D-(1-14C)valine was not possible.

Regeneration of highhboiling waste oil

Abstract: PURPOSE:To regenerate a high-boiling waste oil, easily, by adding an alkaline aqueous solution and a lower alcohol to a high-boiling oil containing contaminants and surface active agents as impurities, and leaving the mixture at rest, thereby transferring the impurities to the alkaline water layer, etc. CONSTITUTION:A high-boiling waste oil containing contaminants and surface active agents, e.g. obtained by washing a used oil-containing fibrous cleaning material with a dust-absorbing oil and recovering the oil, is regenerated by (1) adding (A) an alkaline aqueous solution (pref. 2-4mol concentration) and (B) a lower alcohol (e.g. isopropyl alcohol) or a glycol monoether (pref. ethylene glycol lower alkyl monoether), and (2) leaving the mixture at rest to separate the mixture into an upper layer composed of the purified oil, an intermediate layer containing the surface active agent and a part of the contaminants, and a lower layer composed of water containing a part of the contaminants.

Preparation of 44chloropyridine hydrochloride

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the title compound in high yield through simple procedures, under mild conditions by reacting N-(4-pyridyl) pyridinium chloride or its hydrochloride with hydrogen chloride in the presence of a specific liquid reaction medium. CONSTITUTION:One mole of N-(4-pyridyl) pyridinium chloride or its hydrochloride is reacted with 1.5-5moles of hydrogen chloride in the presence of a small amount (about 10wt%) of pyridine in isopropyl alcohol or conc. hydrochloric acid (>20%) as a reaction medium to give 4-chloropyridine hydrochloride. The amounts of the isopropyl alcohol and the hydrochloric acid are about 0.25-2l and 0.15-1l, respectively.

Trimethylsilyl derivatives for the study of silicate structures. part 7. calcium silicate structures

Abstract: A detailed study was made of the yield and products of trimethylsilylation of calcium orthosilicate (Ca2[SiO4]), rankinite (Ca3[Si2O7]), and pseudowollastonite (Ca3[Si3O9]) under various experimental conditions. With hexamethyldisiloxane, chlorotrimethylsilane, and isopropyl alcohol as reagents, in the absence of added water Ca2[SiO4] yielded predominantly SiO4(SiMe3)x(Pri)4–x(x= 1–4) and a lesser amount of Si2O7(SiMe3)x(Pri)6–x(x= 2–6), Ca3[Si2O7] gave predominantly Si2O7(SiMe3)x(Pri)6–x(x= 2–6), and Ca3[Si3O9] gave predominantly Si3O9(SiMe3)x(Pri)6–x(x= 2–6) and Si3O10(SiMe3)x(Pri)8–x(x= 3–8). Mixed trimethylsilyl–isopropyl derivatives were converted to the fully trimethylsilylated derivatives SiO4(SiMe3)4, Si2O7(SiMe3)6, and Si3O10(SiMe3)8 on treatment with Amberlyst 15 ion-exchange resin in the presence of hexamethyldisiloxane. In the trimethylsilylation of Ca2[SiO4] reaction of the mineral itself is complete within ca. 6 min at room temperature, under the conditions employed, and the majority of unwanted side reactions which yield Si2O7 and Si3O10 derivatives occur during the first 3–4 min. Side reactions may be suppressed by increasing the proportion of isopropyl alcohol and decreasing that of Ca2[SiO4] in the reagents. The presence of both isopropyl alcohol and chlorotrimethylsilane is necessary for reaction to occur. Isopropyl alcohol may be replaced by either ethyl alcohol or water, although the yield is reduced. When isopropyl alcohol is replaced by water, only the fully trimethylsilylated derivatives are formed. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed and experimental conditions are described which give highest yields of the desired products.