Showing papers on "Klebsiella pneumoniae published in 1985"
TL;DR: No one serotype predominated, and no association was found between serotype and either the site of infection or the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, but the rate of infection at medical school-affiliated hospitals was significantly greater than at nonaffiliated hospitals and at large affiliated hospitals was higher than at small affiliated hospitals.
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae causes serious epidemic and endemic nosocomial infections We conducted a literature review to characterize the epidemiology of epidemic K pneumoniae outbreaks Eighty percent of the outbreaks (20/25) involved infections of the bloodstream or urinary tract Person-to-person spread was the most common mode of transmission, and nearly 50% of the outbreaks occurred in neonatal intensive care units No one serotype predominated, and no association was found between serotype and either the site of infection or antimicrobial susceptibility pattern We used data reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) by hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Study (NNIS) to describe the epidemiology of endemic K pneumoniae infections In the 8-year period from 1975 through 1982 the nosocomial K pneumoniae infection rate was 167 infections per 10,000 patients discharged The rate of infection at medical school-affiliated hospitals was significantly greater than at nonaffiliated hospitals; furthermore, the rate of infection at large affiliated hospitals was greater than at small affiliated hospitals The rate of infection varied by service, with the highest rate found on the medicine service During the 8-year period, 184 deaths were caused by nosocomial K pneumoniae infections (184 deaths/16,969 infections, case-fatality ratio 11%), with higher ratios in pediatrics (5%) where there was a 12% mortality in children infected with an aminoglycoside-resistant strain
144 citations
TL;DR: Overall mortality was 25%, and factors associated with poor prognosis were inadequacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy, septic shock, type of underlying disease, and clinical condition of the patients.
Abstract: During a five-year period, 204 patients had klebsiella bacteremia at this institution; these cases constituted 6.6% of the total episodes of bacteremia. The incidence was 2.3 cases per 1,000 admitted patients. A random group of 100 cases was chosen for analysis in the present study. The disease was community acquired in 23%, nosocomially acquired in 77%, unimicrobial in 88%, or part of a polymicrobial bacteremia in 12% of episodes. Three-quarters of the episodes were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and the remaining one-quarter, by Klebsiella oxytoca. Portals of entry, in decreasing order of frequency, were urinary, respiratory, and biliary tracts. Twenty-four percent of the Klebsiella isolates were resistant to gentamicin. The most frequent clinical finding (in 96% of the cases) was fever. Shock occurred in 22% and pyogenic metastatic foci, in 5% of the patients. None of the patients had evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Overall mortality was 25%, and factors associated with poor prognosis were inadequacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy, septic shock, type of underlying disease, and clinical condition of the patients.
97 citations
TL;DR: It is apparent that the growth rate of facultative and aerobic bacteria is enhanced much more in mixed infections with Bacteroides spp.
Abstract: The potential for mutual enhancement of growth of the Bacteroides fragilis and B. melaninogenicus groups and the aerobic and facultative organisms commonly isolated with them in mixed infections was evaluated. Enhancement was studied by measuring the relative increase in CFU of the two bacterial components inducing subcutaneous abscesses in mice. Of the 42 combinations between three isolates each of the B. fragilis and B. melaninogenicus groups and seven aerobic or facultative organisms, Bacteroides spp. were enhanced in only 8 and inhibited in 4. The aerobic and facultative bacteria were enhanced in 31 of the 42 combinations and depressed in 2. The organisms uniformly enhanced by all of the Bacteroides spp. were group A streptococci and Escherichia coli (all six instances), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae (five of six instances), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (four instances), group D streptococci (in three instances only by the B. fragilis group), and Haemophilus influenzae (one instance). It is apparent that the growth rate of facultative and aerobic bacteria is enhanced much more in mixed infections with Bacteroides spp. than that of their anaerobic counterparts.
87 citations
TL;DR: The detection of an equimolar amount of 1,2-propanediol was detected in the medium when Salmonella typhimurium or Klebsiella pneumoniae fermented L-fucose or L-rhamnose, indicating that L- fucose and L- rhamnosed fermentation takes place in these species by 1, 2-pro panediol production and excretion.
Abstract: An equimolar amount of 1,2-propanediol was detected in the medium when Salmonella typhimurium or Klebsiella pneumoniae fermented L-fucose or L-rhamnose. These metabolic conditions induced a propanediol oxidoreductase that converted the lactaldehyde formed in the dissimilation of either sugar into the diol. The enzyme was further identified by cross-reaction with antibodies against Escherichia coli propanediol oxidoreductase. This indicates that L-fucose and L-rhamnose fermentation takes place in these species by 1,2-propanediol production and excretion.
70 citations
TL;DR: Saponification of K. pneumoniae serotype 1 extracellular polysaccharides significantly decreased their virulence-enhancing capabilities in mice, further suggesting that extracllular lipopolysaccharide may play a role in these infections.
Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 1 and serotype 2 and their capsular variants were examined for production of cell-associated capsular polysaccharides and extracellular capsular polysaccharides. The ...
53 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that the cephalosporins reduced enterochelin production and also capsule formation to the extent that noncapsular surface antigens were exposed, with possible significant consequences in vivo.
Abstract: Subinhibitory MICs (sub-MICs) of several cephalosporins significantly reduced the enterochelin production of Klebsiella pneumoniae 327 grown under iron-depleted conditions and also reduced capsule formation regardless of iron availability. The surface hydrophobicity of K. pneumoniae 327 increased significantly when the bacteria were grown in either iron-sufficient or iron-depleted media in the presence of sub-MICs of all the cephalosporins used in this study. Antisera raised against a non-encapsulated K. pneumoniae strain caused rapid agglutination of K. pneumoniae 327 grown in the presence of sub-MICs of the cephalosporins but no agglutination of the same strain grown in drug-free media. The results indicated that the cephalosporins reduced enterochelin production and also capsule formation to the extent that noncapsular surface antigens were exposed, with possible significant consequences in vivo.
47 citations
TL;DR: Data indicate that this extracellular toxic compound produced by K. pneumoniae may be responsible for the lethality and lung tissue destruction normally associated with an active lobar pneumonia caused by this organism.
Abstract: A Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 2 strain was examined for its ability to produce extracellular toxic material. The organism was grown to the stationary phase in a defined medium, and the toxic material was isolated by ultrafiltration-ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose 4B or 2B. It was found to be comprised of 63% capsular polysaccharide, 30% lipopolysaccharide, and 7% protein and possessed a 50% lethal dose (when injected intraperitoneally into mice) of 393 +/- 45 micrograms. The toxicity appeared to be associated with the endotoxin portion of the compound, because boiling for 15 min and exposure to proteolytic enzymes had no effect on the toxicity. However, saponification destroyed the toxicity of the compound. Studies employing radial immunodiffusion examining the sera of mice infected with this organism demonstrated in vivo production of the complex at levels sufficiently high to produce death. When sublethal amounts of this complex were placed in the lungs of specific-pathogen-free mice, the lung pathology observed after 24, 48, and 72 h was similar to the damage caused by an active K. pneumoniae lobar pneumonia. These data indicate that this extracellular toxic compound produced by K. pneumoniae may be responsible for the lethality and lung tissue destruction normally associated with an active lobar pneumonia caused by this organism.
45 citations
TL;DR: Mol- mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae requiring high levels of molybdate for nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activity were characterized and appear to be equivalent to ChlD- mutant of Escherichia coli.
Abstract: Mol- mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae requiring high levels of molybdate for nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activity were characterized The effects of mol mutations on nitrogenase activity were very similar to those caused by nifQ mutations Mol- mutants of K pneumoniae appear to be equivalent to ChlD- mutants of Escherichia coli
44 citations
TL;DR: The pathogenicity of 22 anaerobic and facultative Gram-positive cocci (AFGPC) was investigated by inoculating them into mice and determining their ability to cause subcutaneous abscesses.
Abstract: The pathogenicity of 22 anaerobic and facultative Gram-positive cocci (AFGPC) was investigated by inoculating them into mice and determining their ability to cause subcutaneous abscesses. Only 11 heavily encapsulated isolates (greater than 50% of the cells were encapsulated) induced abscesses. However, when the other 11 isolates were injected with Bacteroides sp. or facultative and aerobic bacteria, abscesses were formed in 8 of the 11 combinations. The AFGPC recovered from the mixed infections contained many encapsulated cells. Encapsulation also occurred in cocci injected with capsular material or with Formalin-killed cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae or capsule-positive Bacteroides sp. After acquisition of capsules, these strains could induce abscesses on reinoculation in mice.
38 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that colonization by, and proliferation of, antimicrobial-resistant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli in chicken intestinal tracts may be less dependent on selection through antimicrobial supplementation of the ration than on their prevalence in environments from which they can colonize newborns.
Abstract: Total and antimicrobial agent-resistant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli in fecal samples of broiler chickens fed growth-promotional levels of antimicrobial agents were determined quantitatively. Two 8-week studies were conducted utilizing groups of chickens fed antimicrobial-supplemented rations; the second study involved feed "pasteurization" as a means of minimizing colonization from the feed. Dilution/spread-plating/replica-plating techniques on selective media were used to obtain counts of total organisms and those resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, ampicillin, or kanamycin. The predominant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative organism was Escherichia coli, which was detected in all samples at levels ranging from 10(5) to over 10(10) CFU/g of feces. Less common were Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas sp., which varied in occurrence and levels from group to group (range, less than 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/g). Resistance to all antimicrobials (except chloramphenicol in E. coli) was commonly observed at incidences exceeding 10(3) CFU/g in the total populations. Colonization of the chickens' intestinal tracts by susceptible and resistant strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas sp. appeared to result from their presence in the environment of the newly hatched chickens. Ration pasteurization did affect P. mirabilis, which appeared to colonize from the feed. The results suggest that colonization by, and proliferation of, antimicrobial-resistant aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli in chicken intestinal tracts may be less dependent on selection through antimicrobial supplementation of the ration than on their prevalence in environments from which they can colonize newborns.
35 citations
TL;DR: The fast-growing Rhizobium strain ORS571 isolated from the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata can grow in the free living state utilizing molecular nitrogen and homology was limited to nifHDK, the structural genes for the nitrogenase, nifE, which was involved in formation of the ironmolybdenum cofactor and nifJ, which is involved in electron transport.
Abstract: The fast-growing Rhizobium strain ORS571 isolated from the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata can grow in the free living state utilizing molecular nitrogen The organization of the nif genes was analyzed by hybridization using Klebsiella pneumoniae nif DNA probes Homology was limited to nifHDK, the structural genes for the nitrogenase, nifE, which is involved in formation of the ironmolybdenum cofactor and nifJ, which is involved in electron transport This is the first report of homology in another diazotroph to K pneumoniae nifE A cluster containing nifHDKE was identified The four genes are contiguous on a 63 kb SalI-BamHI fragment They are all in the same orientation and in the same order as in K pneumoniae A second copy of nifH unlinked to this cluster was also identified
TL;DR: It was concluded that capsular polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, and lipid A were not involved in phage binding, and the poly Saccharide fraction was concluded to be the primary phage receptor, indicating that it is available to the phage.
Abstract: Bacteriophage FC3-1 is one of several specific bacteriophages of Klebsiella pneumoniae C3 isolated in our laboratory. Unlike receptors for other Klebsiella phages, the bacteriophage FC3-1 receptor was shown to be lipopolysaccharide, specifically the polysaccharide fraction (O-antigen and core region). We concluded that capsular polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, and lipid A were not involved in phage binding. Mutants resistant to this phage were isolated and were found to be devoid of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen by several criteria but to contain capsular material serologically identical to that of the wild type. The polysaccharide fraction was concluded to be the primary phage receptor, indicating that it is available to the phage.
TL;DR: Three Escherichia coli clones capable of utilizing citrate as a sole carbon source were isolated from a cosmid bank of Klebsiella pneumoniae wild‐type DNA and shown to contain oxaloacetate decarboxylase, which confers citrate utilization under anaerobic conditions to K. pneumoniae.
Abstract: Three Escherichia coli clones (DH1/Cit1, DH1/Cit2 and DH1/Cit3) capable of utilizing citrate as a sole carbon source were isolated from a cosmid bank of Klebsiella pneumoniae wild-type DNA. Two of these clones (DH1/Cit1 and DH1/Cit2) only grew aerobically on citrate minimal medium, the third clone (DH1/Cit3) could also be cultured under fermentative conditions. The aerobic as well as the anaerobic generation times of the three clones were from 4.5 to 7 h. Whereas clone DH1/Cit3 showed a pronounced lag phase on citrate when the cells were pre-grown in medium without citrate, clone DH1/Cit1 immediately started growth, while with clone DH1/Cit2 a short lag phase could be observed upon transfer to citrate minimal medium. Restriction analyses of the three plasmids showed that no common fragments had been cloned. The length of the inserts were 13 and 6 kb for the aerobic Cit+ clones and 27 kb (10 kb) for the anaerobic one. Cultures of the anaerobic Cit+ clone were analyzed by immunoblotting techniques and shown to contain oxaloacetate decarboxylase, which confers citrate utilization under anaerobic conditions to K. pneumoniae. Enzyme assays demonstrated the active state of this biotin-containing membrane protein. The specific activity in vesicle preparations from the E. coli clone was 30% of the wild-type K. pneumoniae vesicles. Citrate acts as an inducer of enzyme protein synthesis in the E. coli clone as it does in K. pneumoniae.
TL;DR: An experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats was used to study the effect of protein binding of cefoxitin and cefazolin on their therapeutic activity and an inhibitory effect on the in vivo antimicrobial activity was demonstrated.
Abstract: An experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats was used to study the effect of protein binding of cefoxitin and cefazolin on their therapeutic activity. Both cephalosporins were similar with respect to their antimicrobial activity against the K. pneumoniae in vitro, but they differed in their degree of protein binding, being 34% for cefoxitin and 89 to 93% for cefazolin in uninfected rats and 24 and 71 to 83%, respectively, in infected rats. Various doses of these agents were administered by continuous infusion, which started 5 h after bacterial inoculation and continued for 65 h. Antimicrobial response was evaluated with respect to the numbers of bacteria recovered from lung and blood at the end of treatment. An inhibitory effect of protein binding on the in vivo antimicrobial activity was demonstrated. Cefoxitin was therapeutically effective at a constant plasma level that reached the MIC. To obtain a similar effect with cefazolin the plasma level of that drug had to be increased to a concentration more than three times the MIC.
TL;DR: The study with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid included seven patients with pneumonia, one with empyema, and one with purulent tracheobronchitis, and eight of the patients had cures and the other patient showed improvement.
TL;DR: The protection of ticarcillin by clavulanic acid from inactivation by bacterial beta-lactamases in vivo was demonstrated in experimental infection models in which the efficacy of the ticARCillin plus clavULanic acid combination against infections caused by beta- lactamase-producing bacteria was correlated with the presence of effective concentrations of both antibiotic and inhibitor at the site of infection.
TL;DR: TMP resistance in multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae was found to be spread in one hospital by a single, stable conjugative plasmid that has a wide host range and encodes the type II DHFR gene.
Abstract: The percentage of clinical isolates of several species of Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, resistant to trimethoprim (TMPR) has increased gradually at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston) in recent years. Thirty-seven of 42 TMPR isolates from six species of gram-negative bacilli conjugally transferred TMP resistance to K12 E. coli. beta-Lactam resistance cotransferred from 21 of the 37 donors, and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) resistance cotransferred from five of the 37 donors. Plasmids that encoded TMP resistance either alone or with SMZ resistance had a molecular size of approximately 52.5 kilobases, with identical restriction endonuclease-generated "fingerprints." Plasmids encoding beta-lactam-mediated resistance (beta R) were approximately four kilobases larger and had fragment patterns that were identical for all of the TMPR/beta R plasmids tested and had many restriction endonuclease-generated bands in common with TMPR plasmids. Radiolabeled dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) probes identified the type II DHFR as the determinant of TMP resistance. In contrast with reports from Europe, TMP resistance in multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae was found to be spread in one hospital by a single, stable conjugative plasmid that has a wide host range and encodes the type II DHFR gene.
TL;DR: The potential use of norfloxacin in the treatment of superficial bacterial infections of the eye is suggested, as the most active agent in both potency and antibacterial spectrum against the test organisms.
Abstract: 302 clinical isolates representing 16 bacterial species most often implicated in ocular infections were tested in vitro against norfloxacin and a panel of antibacterial agents. On the basis of the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) data, norfloxacin was 4-32 times more active than the next best antimicrobial tested against Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with overall MIC90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l. Norfloxacin was equal in activity to polymyxin B against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC90 = 1 mg/l), and it ranked second to both polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cotrimoxazole against Staphylococcus aureus, (MIC90 = 2 mg/l in each case). Along with neomycin and cotrimoxazole, norfloxacin (MIC90 = 1 mg/l) ranked second to gentamicin and tetracycline against Moraxella species. Compared to erythromycin (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.125 mg/l), norfloxacin (MIC90 less than or equal to 16 mg/l) was considerably less active against streptococci. Overall, norfloxacin was the most active agent in both potency and antibacterial spectrum against the test organisms. These results suggest the potential use of norfloxacin in the treatment of superficial bacterial infections of the eye.
TL;DR: The antigenicity of the outer membrane components and surface-exposed protein antigens of iron-depleted cells grown in the presence or absence of cephalosporins was reported on and immunoblotting was generally more sensitive than conventional staining of the acrylamide gel with Coomassie blue in the detection of proteins.
Abstract: It recently has been reported by us that cephalosporins, at a concentration below that influencing growth rate, reduced the production of enterochelin and capsule formation of iron-depleted Klebsiella pneumoniae. We now report on the antigenicity of the outer membrane components and surface-exposed protein antigens of iron-depleted cells grown in the presence or absence of cephalosporins. All major outer membrane proteins, including iron-regulated membrane proteins, were immunogenic. Encapsulated K. pneumoniae grown in antibiotic-free media had three protein antigens (60, 35.5, and 32.5 kilodaltons) exposed on the surface that were accessible to antibodies. Growth of the same cultures in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of cephalosporins resulted in the exposure of a greater number of protein antigenic determinants, including iron-regulated membrane proteins, which become readily accessible to antibodies. It was also found that immunoblotting was generally more sensitive than conventional staining of the acrylamide gel with Coomassie blue in the detection of proteins.
TL;DR: Electron microscopy showed that canine ETEC isolates possessed fimbriae of two different types: thick (5-5.5 nm) and thin (2-3 nm), which suggests that the LT toxin produced by these canine isolates is non-identical to LT toxin from human strains.
TL;DR: The behaviour of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in human blood when exposed to imipenem concentrations rising from zero to a maximum of 6.5 mg/l in 1.9 h and gradually decreasing to below detection level at 12 h.
Abstract: The behaviour of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in human blood, when exposed to imipenem concentrations rising from zero to a maximum of 6.5 mg/l in 1.9 h, and gradually decreasing to below detection level of less than 0.22 mg/l at 12 h. Under these conditions there was a marked bactericidal activity and a long-acting effect of imipenem.
TL;DR: Kik was intracellular and required concerted and transient action of both regions, but establishment of one kik region in K. pneumoniae followed by receipt of the second did not lead to killing.
Abstract: Plasmid pCU1 was Kik+ (promotes killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae). All Tn5 insertions within the tra region of pCU1 were Kik-. Two other regions, kikA and kikB, were needed. They may be separated on different plasmids, but both must be mobilized into Klebsiella pneumoniae. Establishment of one kik region in K. pneumoniae followed by receipt of the second did not lead to killing. Kik was therefore intracellular and required concerted and transient action of both regions.
Patent•
30 Aug 1985
TL;DR: A vaccine for curative and prophylactic treatment of urinary tract infections in humans was proposed in this article, which contains inactivated bacteria which originate from the cultures of 8 to 14 uropathogenic bacteria strains isolated from the urine of a person suffering from a urinary tract infection and aluminum phosphate in an amount of 15-10 mg of AlPO 4 per ml of solution.
Abstract: A vaccine for curative and prophylactic treatment of urinary tract infections in humans The vaccine contains inactivated bacteria which originate from the cultures of 8 to 14 uropathogenic bacteria strains isolated from the urine of a person suffering from a urinary tract infection and aluminum phosphate in an amount of 15-10 mg of AlPO 4 per ml of solution Such bacteria are of the species E coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii and Streptococcus faecolis
TL;DR: There was no significant difference either in terms of numerical counts bound or by comparing, by SDS-PAGE analysis, the molecules bound to each cell type, suggesting that neither of the epitopes detected by the anti-HLA-B27 monoclonal antibodies is a binding site for klebsiella products.
Abstract: On the basis that extracts of some klebsiella organisms bind selectively to the lymphocytes of HLA-B27+ individuals and induce the appearance of new antigens, attempts were made to detect the binding of klebsiella products to HLA-B27+ and B27- lymphocytes by a number of different techniques. Firstly, blocking of the binding of two different HLA-B27 specific monoclonal antibodies to HLA-B27+ lymphocytes has been examined following exposure of the lymphocytes to a cell-free culture filtrate from K. pneumoniae K21 and K43. There was no reduction in the cytotoxicity of either antibody, suggesting that neither of the epitopes detected by the anti-HLA-B27 monoclonal antibodies is a binding site for klebsiella products. Secondly, we have studied the binding of partially purified, radiolabelled klebsiella products to healthy HLA-B27+ and B27- lymphocytes. There was no significant difference either in terms of numerical counts bound or by comparing, by SDS-PAGE analysis, the molecules bound to each cell type. At the level of sensitivities of these techniques we can detect no difference in binding of klebsiella products to the lymphocytes of healthy HLA-B27+ and B27- individuals.
TL;DR: One-dimensional peptide mapping showed identity between the E. coli and K. pneumoniae enzymes when digested with alpha-chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase or subtilisin, indicating that the hydrophobic regions were preserved to a considerable extent.
Abstract: The enzyme propanediol oxidoreductase, which converts the lactaldehyde formed in the metabolism of fucose and rhamnose into propane-1,2-diol under anaerobic conditions, was investigated in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Structural analysis indicated that the enzymes of E. coli and K. pneumoniae have the same Mr and pI, whereas that of Salm. typhimurium also has the same Mr but a slightly different pI. One-dimensional peptide mapping showed identity between the E. coli and K. pneumoniae enzymes when digested with alpha-chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase or subtilisin. In the case of Salm. typhimurium, this held only for the subtilisin-digested enzymes, indicating that the hydrophobic regions were preserved to a considerable extent. Anaerobically, the three species induced an active propanediol oxidoreductase when grown on fucose or rhamnose. An inactive propanediol oxidoreductase was induced in Salm. typhimurium by either fucose or rhamnose under aerobic conditions, and this was activated once anaerobiosis was established. An inactive propanediol oxidoreductase was also induced in E. coli under aerobic conditions, but only by growth on fucose. The inactive enzyme was not induced by either of the sugars in K. pneumoniae.
TL;DR: In treating acute and more chronic forms of pulmonary infection caused by K. pneumoniae in diabetic mice aminoglycoside antibiotics are particularly valuable, whereas beta-lactams must be given in large quantities using multiple administrations.
Abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of six β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics were compared in diabetic mice with experimentally induced Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. β-Lactams caused a reduction in the numbers of bacteria, with clearance of bacteria from the lungs of diabetic and normal mice. The effect in diabetic mice, however, was very poor. In contrast thereto, no remarkable difference was seen between diabetic and normal mice when treated with aminoglycosides. The concentration of the test antibiotics to the lungs in diabetic mice was lower than in normal mice. The aminoglycosides were more effective than the β-lactams. These data suggest that in treating acute and more chronic forms of pulmonary infection caused by. K. pneumoniae in diabetic mice aminoglycoside antibiotics are particularly valuable, whereas β-lactams must be given in large quantities using multiple administrations.
TL;DR: Within the B27 arthritis population there is heterogeneity of cell-mediated response to certain enteric bacteria, with the hyporesponders manifesting ankylosing spondylitis and the hyper-responders reactive arthritis/Reiter's disease.
Abstract: Lymphocyte transformation tests to Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 and 0:6, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus faecalis antigens have been carried out in ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis/Reiter's disease and controls. Ankylosing spondylitis cases gave significantly lower responses than reactive arthritis/Reiter's to Yersinia enterocolitica 0:6 (p = 0.003) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.008), and less than controls to S. faecalis (p = 0.008). It appears, therefore, that within the B27 arthritis population there is heterogeneity of cell-mediated response to certain enteric bacteria, with the hyporesponders manifesting ankylosing spondylitis and the hyper-responders reactive arthritis/Reiter's disease.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The nitrocefin method was found a very specific and extremely useful procedure for the detection and estimation of beta-lactamase activity.
Abstract: The production or presence of beta-lactamase(s) was studied by the rapid method utilizing the chromogenic cephalosporin compound nitrocefin in cultures of multiple strains belonging to the same genus as well as groups of microorganisms. The genera were: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, rare Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. With this sensitive and rapid assay for beta-lactamase, it was possible to verify and separate the beta-lactamase producing cultures from the non-producers and include the useful strains to on-going research, such as beta-lactam screen, beta-lactamase inhibitory study and lytic properties of beta-lactams. The data also provide evidence for the possible role of beta-lactamase(s) in the physiology, biochemistry and pathogenicity of bacterial strains. The nitrocefin method was found a very specific and extremely useful procedure for the detection and estimation of beta-lactamase activity.
TL;DR: The efficacy and safety of ticarcillin plus clavulanate potassium and piperacillin were compared in a clinical trial of 78 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections and mild and transient increases in levels of liver enzymes or eosinophilia was reported.