Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1996"

Exogenous lipid pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre study of 44 cases in France

Abstract: A nationwide retrospective study of exogenous lipid pneumonia (ELP) was carried out to update the data on this disease, with emphasis on thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings. The inclusion criteria were: 1) presence of abnormal imaging features compatible with the diagnosis of ELP; 2) presence of intrapulmonary lipids; and 3) exogenous origin of the lipid pneumonia. Forty four cases were included (20 males and 24 females; mean age 62 +/- 11 yrs), of which four were occupational (chronic inhalation of cutting mist or oily vapour in an industrial environment). Thirty of the 40 nonoccupational cases were related to aspiration of liquid paraffin used for the treatment of constipation. A condition possibly favouring oil aspiration or inhalation was present in 34 patients (77%), most commonly gastro-oesophageal reflux (n = 20) and neurological or psychiatric illness (n = 14). Fever (39%), weight loss (34%), cough (64%), dyspnoea (50%) and crepitations (45%) were the most frequent symptoms. BAL was performed in 39 cases: 23% had a lymphocytic alveolitis; 14% neutrophilic alveolitis; and 31% a mixed alveolitis (lymphocytic and neutrophilic). Alveolar consolidations (57%), ground glass opacities (39%), and alveolar nodules (23%) were the most common radiological abnormalities. The changes were bilateral (79%), predominant in the posterior and lower zones of the lobes concerned (74%), hypodense (71%), and spared the subpleural zones (52%). In 13 cases, hypodensity was retrospectively established on CT scan by the presence of a "positive angiogram". This sign may be of diagnostic value when the density measurement is either not possible or not reliable. In conclusion, this study provides an update of the clinical, biological and radiological profile of exogenous lipid pneumonia and, in particular, confirms the diagnostic benefit of computed tomography scan, which revealed bilateral and hypodense changes in a large majority of cases.

Inhibition of liver fibrosis by ellagic acid.

Abstract: Chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride in liquid paraffin (1.7) ip; 0.15 ml, (20 doses) has been found to produce severe hepatotoxicity, as seen from the elevated levels of serum and liver glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lipid peroxides. The chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride was also found to produce liver fibrosis as seen from pathological analysis as well as elevated liver-hydroxy proline. Oral administration of ellagic acid was found to significantly reduce the elevated levels of enzymes, lipid peroxide and liver hydroxy proline in these animals and rectified liver pathology. These results indicate that ellagic acid administration orally can circumvent the carbon tetrachloride toxicity and subsequent fibrosis.

Inhibition of rats adjuvant arthritis by a bradykinin antagonist Hoe 140 and its influence on kallikreins.

Abstract: 1. 1. This study examines the effect of Hoe 140, a bradykinin (BK) 2 receptor antagonist, indomethacin and prednisolone on chronic adjuvant arthritis of the knee in rats. We also evaluated the influence of Hoe 140 on BK-forming enzymes in the synovial and paw tissues. 2. 2. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats in the right knee by injecting 0.05 ml of a fine suspension of heat-killed Mycobacterium tubercle bacilli in liquid paraffin (5 mg/ml). 3. 3. Hoe 140 (1.5 mg/kg i.p.), indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg orally) and prednisolone (3.0 mg/kg orally) administration for 9 days resulted in significant suppression of knee joint swelling. Plasma and tissue kallikrein levels were raised (P 4. 4. Hoe 140 treatment did not alter (P>0.05) the raised plasma and tissue kallikrein levels in the paw tissue. The findings indicate that Hoe 140 may be a useful anti-inflammatory agent and BK plays a major role in this adjuvant-induced arthritis model.

Synthesis and Surface Properties of Amino Acid Surfactants from Industrial Waste Proteins

Abstract: N-Acyl amino acid surfactants (AAS) were chemically derived from industrial waste protein hydrolysates [cottonseed (CSD), silk residue (SR), and silk chrysalis (SC)] according to two methods: (1) reacting hydrolysates with alkyl acyl chloride, followed by purification and neutralization with alcoholic sodium hydroxide; (2) reacting hydrolysate with fatty alcohols in organic solvents followed by purification The yield of purified mixed AAS (sodium salt) was ∼60−75%; amino acid ester from glutamic acid was considerably higher (85−92%) than the sodium salt derivatives Results indicate that as acyl chain length (ie, C12−C18) increased, surface tension of AAS increased, critical micelle concentration (cmc) decreased, and Krafft point increased The emulsifying power of AAS in O/W emulsion was better with n-decanol as an oil phase than liquid paraffin The C12 derivatives of all the mixed AAS showed high foaming power Mixed AAS from CSD exhibited the best lime soap dispersing requirement (57−65 g/100 g)

Paraffinomas of the breast: an oriental curiosity.

Abstract: Background: The injection of liquid paraffin wax was a form of breast augmentation practised in Hong Kong 30–40 years ago. Patients may present many years later with complications of this treatment. Methods: The records of 43 patients diagnosed with paraffinomas of the breast at a teaching hospital in Hong Kong were reviewed. These patients had received paraffin injections 3–41 years (median 17) previously. Results: Patients presented with hard masses in the breast 4–18 cm (median 17) diameter. Ulceration or infection occurred in 10 patients. Mammography revealed a honeycomb appearance in the affected breast. Treatment included biopsy only (7), excision of masses (3) and total mastectomy (30, bilateral in 27). Histology demonstrated hyalinized and densely sclerotic fibrous tissue with cystic spaces of various sizes. Conclusions: Awareness of this condition facilitates the differentiation from tuberculosis and carcinoma of the breast which often present late in this population of patients. Adequate treatment usually requires total mastectomy.

Control of swelling in liquid emulsion membranes employed for lactic acid separation

Abstract: Control of the swelling of two different liquid emulsion membrane systems for separation of lactic acid was examined. The major disadvantages of swelling are dilution of the separated product and emulsion breakage. Several additives including liquid paraffin, cyclohexanone and n-decanol were investigated with respect to both emulsion swelling and lactic acid separation rate. If swelling is a function of surfactant concentration, the swelling increases with the quantity of the hydrophilic part in the surfactant. Therefore, a surfactant with a low hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) value should be used to reduce the swelling. The use of Span 85 (HLB=1.8) as co-surfactant achieved the objective in the case of a tri-n-octylamine/Span 80 system.

Aqueous erasable ink composition for marking pen

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an aqueous erasable ink composition for marking pens that is excellent, for example, in erasability and storage stability by incorporating water, a coloring agent, an emulsion of an oily substance, a cyclodextrin, and a specified water-soluble resin. SOLUTION: This aqueous erasable ink composition for marking pens is obtained by incorporating (A) water as a solvent, (B) a coloring agent (e.g. copper phthalocyanine blue), (C) an emulsion of an oily substance hardly volatile at normal temperatures, (D) a cyclodextrin or its derivative (e.g. glycocyclodextrin), and (E) a partially saponified water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol resin having a degree of saponification of 50 to 85% and a degree of polymerization of at most 1,500. As the oily substance as the component (C), one can be suitably selected from among aliphatic carboxylic acid esters (e.g. butyl stearate), higher hydrocarbons (e.g. liquid paraffin), and higher alcohols (e.g. octyl alcohol). The content of the component (C) is suitably in the range of 0.1 to 20wt.%.

O/W emulsion composition for eye drops

Abstract: An O/W emulsion composition for eye drops comprising a medicine selected from among fluorometholone, clobetasone butyrate and clobetasol propionate, a phospholipid, liquid paraffin, and water. The composition is excellent in the solubility of fluorometholone, clobetasone butyrate and clobetasol propionate in the lacrimal fluid. Accordingly, it is expected to achieve in a small dose an anti-inflammatory activity comparable or superior to those of the conventional preparations, thus being excellent economically. It is also expected that fears of systemic side effects accompanying the intraocular administration of these medicines are relieved thereby.

Copolymerization effect of m‐acetoxybenzoic acid on morphology of poly(oxy‐1,4‐benzenediylcarbonyl) whiskers

Abstract: Copolymerizations of p-acetoxybenzoic acid (p-ABA) and m-acetoxybenzoic acid (m-ABA) were carried out in liquid paraffin at 330°C without stirring. Needlelike crystals are obtained when the content of m-ABA in the feed (X f ) is in the range of 0-30 mol %. These needlelike crystals are inclined to show the fibrillation in both ends and the radial growth nature from the central part as χ f increased. At higher χ f than 40 mol %, crystals are not precipitated during polymerization. The content of m-oxybenzoyl units in the obtained whiskers (χ ω ) are much lower than χ f . The details of the polymerization and crystallization processes reveal that cooligomers containing more m-oxybenzoyl units cannot participate in the formation of needlelike crystals due to the higher solubility and the segregation effect of crystallization. The whiskers are predominantly formed by co-oligomers consisting almost entirely of p-oxybenzoyl units.

Cold model study of mixing and mass transfer in LD converters at Tata Steel

Abstract: Mixing and mass transfer studies were carried out for the 130 t LD converters at Tata Steel's LD Shop No. 1 using a 1: 6 scale perspex model. The effect of the number of holes in the top lance, bottom tuyere size, and bottom tuyere configuration as well as of various operating variables such as bath depth, lance height, and bottom gas flowrate on mixing and mass transfer was studied. The extent of change in mixing and mass transfer when top lancing was accompanied by a small amount of bottom gas injection was determined. Molten steel, slag, and oxygen were simulated by water, paraffin oil, and air, respectively. The mixing times were determined by conductivity measurements using potassium chloride as the tracer, whereas in the mass transfer experiments the transfer of benzoic acid from water to liquid paraffin was assessed by volumetric analysis.

Small angle x‐ray scattering of an ordering aggregation

Abstract: We present a new correlation function in the form of γ(r)=r(Df−D) exp(−r/a0)cos(br) to describe the essential features of aggregate structure. The scattered intensity distribution corresponding to this correlation function was obtained. Compared with existing models, the new scattering formula can predict a scattering peak in a finite wavevector and control the scattered intensity decay in larger wave vectors. The experimental scattering patterns obtained from polydimethylsiloxane/paraffin liquid mixtures were tested well by the new model.

Controllable light and biological double degradation plastic film and making method

Abstract: The low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, modified starch, photosensitizer, photosensitization promoter, titanate type coupling agent and liquid paraffin are passed through such processes of mixing, banbury mastication, breaking and granulating to obtain the controllable photoactive and biological double degradation master granules, then the master granules are mixed with polyethylene resin according to a certain mixing proportion and blow-molded into the invented plastic film by using general plastic film blowing unit at 130-180 deg.C. Said production method is simple in production technique, low in cost and its raw materials are easily available.

Multisolvent Successive Extractive Refining of Coal

Abstract: A selected group of commercial solvents, namely, anthracene oil (AO), ethylenediamine (EDA), and liquid paraffin (LP), were used for successive extraction of Assam coal. Hot AO provided a wide range of mixed solvents that dissociate chemically and interact favorably with dissociated and undissociated coal macro-molecules (“like dissolves like”). This resulted to the enhancement of the EDA extractability of the AO-pretreated residual coal. EDA is a good swelling solvent and results in physical dissociation of coal molecules. The residual coal obtained after EDA extraction was subjected to extraction with LP, an H-donor, high-boiling (330°-360°C) solvent. LP thermally dissociates coal macromolecules and interacts with the coal at its plastic stage at the free radical pockets. The mechanism and molecular dynamics of the multisolvent successive extraction of Assam coal using AO-EDA-LP solvents are discussed. In early attempts, successive extractions did not modify the extraction yield in the single s...

Local anesthetic composition

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a local anesthetic composition, capable of manifesting rapid and sustained local anesthetic actions on local mucous membranes or skin and useful for a preparation for external use, etc., by dissolving or dispersing a local anesthetic agent in a mixture of an oil and fat or an oily and fatty base miscible therewith with a gelling agent. SOLUTION: This local anesthetic composition is prepared by dissolving or dispersing a local anesthetic agent such as lidocaine, dibucaine, procaine, cocaine or ethyl aminobenzoate in a mixture of 70-100%(wt./wt.) of an oil and fat comprising coconut oil, palm kernel oil, tsubaki oil (camellia oil), olive oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, corn oil, a medim-chain fatty acid triglyceride, cacao butter, beef tallow, vaseline, liquid paraffin, squalane, a higher fatty acid, a higher alcohol, etc., or an oily and fatty base miscible therewith with 1-10%(wt./wt.) of a gelling agent such as light silicic acid anhydride or/and dextrin ester of a fatty acid. The objective local anesthetic composition is useful as a preparation for external use, etc., for treating local pains such as wound surfaces on skin, hemorrhoidal diseases, local inflammations on mucous membranes or odontalgia.

Chemical-shift MRI of exogenous lipoid pneumonia

Abstract: Exogenous lipoid pneumonia results from the aspiration or inhalation of fatty substances, such as mineral oil found in laxatives or nasal medications containing liquid paraffin We present standard and lipid-sensitive (chemical-shift) MR findings in a patient with histologically confirmed lipoid pneumonia The loss of signal intensity in an area of airspace disease on opposed-phase imaging was considered specific for the presence of lipid 14 refs, 3 figs

Destructive paraffinoma of the breast and thoracic wall caused by paraffin injection for mammary increase. Apropos of 3 cases with review of the literature

Abstract: The injection of a high viscosity fluids into the tissues for cosmetic body contouring has been practised in the last four decades in the East and South-East of Asia. The injection of liquid paraffin for mammary augmentation was widely practised by surgeons, physician and even non medical people. Unfortunately, most of these cases ended by having different varieties of paraffinoma as a complication of a foreign body reaction. We report three cases of a destructive form of these paraffinomas ulcerating into both breasts and the anterior chest wall. One case was treated by bilateral mastectomy, radical excision of the anterior chest wall soft tissue and reconstruction by a vertical Rectus Abdominus Myocutaneous Flap. The second case had bilateral mastectomy and followed up for facial paraffinomas. The third case was just followed for up regular wound care as surgery was not indicated due to advanced age, poor general condition and the family request.