Showing papers on "Methacrylic acid published in 1983"

Water thickening agents consisting of copolymers of crosslinked acrylic acids and esters

Abstract: Polymers of 98.9 to 95.5 weight percent of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids containing at least one activated double bond, 1 to about 3.5 weight percent of an alkyl acrylate ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid wherein the alkyl group contains 10 to 30 carbon atoms and 0.1 to less than 1 weight percent of a crosslinking monomer, are efficient thickeners in many applications where high ionic environments are encountered and may be used at lower concentrations to obtain equivalent or better results than prior art thickeners, and have been found to be particularly effective in print paste applications wherein there are reactive dyes, direct dyes and disperse dyes with high and varying ionic content. Further, in screen printing, improved print pastes are provided when they contain the novel polymers of this invention that have better rheology with less bounce back on release of printing pressure, and textile prints so made have better penetration. The resulting prints have an excellent combination of sharpness, lack of wicking, penetration, levelness and color yield.

Dipped rubber article

Abstract: A skin-contacting coating of a lubricating hydrogel polymer bonded to a rubber article (such as a surgeon's glove) is treated by means of surfactant material (such as a bactericidal cationic surfactant which preferably has an N-hexadecyl group) or a long chain fatty amine so as to substantially improve the lubricity of the coating with respect to damp skin. The hydrogel polymer is preferably a copolymer of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with methacrylic acid (MAA) or with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) or with both MAA and EHA. The copolymer contains HEMA and MAA is a molar ratio of 1 to 10:1 of HEMA and EHA in a molar ratio of 2.5 to 10:1. Such a hydrogel polymer has improved lubricity to dry skin and, if used for this purpose, need not be treated with a surfactant or fatty amine to improve the lubricity with respect to damp skin.

Acrylate copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive composition and sheet materials coated therewith

Abstract: The invention provides normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions comprising a polymer having an inherent viscosity greater than 0.2 and having in its backbone at least a major portion by weight of polymerized monomeric acrylic or methacrylic acid ester of a non-tertiary alcohol and, having attached to the backbone, polymeric moieties having a weight average molecular weight of above about 2,000 and a T g of above about 20° C. The number and composition of the attached moieties in the polymer is such as to provide the adhesive composition with a shear holding value of at least 50 minutes. Sheet materials coated with the adhesive composition are also provided. Preferred adhesive composition comprises a copolymer monomeric acrylic or methacrylic acid ester of non-tertiary alcohol and macromolecular monomer. The copolymer may also include up to 12% by weight of a copolymerizable polar monomer such as acrylic acid.

Production of coatings

Abstract: A process for the production of coatings based on reaction products of (A) polyhydroxy polyacrylate resins obtained from hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, alkyl acrylates and/or methacrylates, one or more polymerizable, olefinically unsaturated N-containing heterocyclic compounds and if appropriate vinyl-aromatics, acrylamides or methacrylamides and other monomers with (B) isocyanurate-containing polyisocyanates having a functionality of from 2.5 to 6 and predominantly containing cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups is particularly useful for coating metal articles.

Particle agglomeration in rubber latices

Abstract: Particle size distribution in elastomeric latex preparations is advantageously controlled and improved by treatment of the prepared latex with an agglomerating agent (AgAg) copolymer having an elastomeric "core" and grafted thereto a "shell" of interpolymer comprising polymerized acid and ester comonomers. The grafted interpolymer can beneficially be a polymerized mixture of ethyl acrylate and methacrylic acid. Agglomerated latex product can be recovered for direct utilization of its favorably particle size-distributed elastomeric component or for other purposes such as grafted polymer blends, ABS and similar products.

(Meth)acrylate-based compositions

Abstract: A novel methacrylate-based composition is disclosed. The composition is preferably used as an adhesive. The composition comprises an acrylate-based or methacrylate-based ester monomer, a catalyst, a chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene polymer resin and a graft co-polymer resin. The chlorinated polyethylene polymer resin used includes organic sulfonyl chloride. The composition preferably further includes an acrylate-based or methacrylate-based acid monomer, and a catalyst activator. A preferred chlorosulfonated polyethylene polymer resin contains about 43 weight percent chlorine, about 1.1 weight percent sulfur, and about 34 millimoles sulfonyl chloride moiety per 100 grams thereof. Preferred graft co-polymer resins are ABS, MBS, MABS, ASA, all-acrylic, SA EPDM and MAS. More-preferred graft co-polymer resins are MABS, ASA, all-acrylic and MBS. Most-preferred graft co-polymer resins are MABS and ASA. A preferred methacrylate-based acid monomer is methacrylic acid. Preferred methacrylate-based ester monomers are methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate. More-preferred methacrylate-based ester monomers are methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate. A most-preferred methacrylate-based ester monomer is methyl methacrylate. The composition possesses enhanced compression shear strength, lap shear strength, peel strength and impact strength adhesive physical properties.

A process for producing a rubber-modified thermoplastic resin

Abstract: A process for producing a rubber-modified thermoplastic resin by graft-copolymerizing a monomeric component composed of an aromatic alkenyl compound, an alkenyl cyanide compound and a methacrylic acid ester compound on an ethylene-propylene rubber, characterized in that the first reaction step, a monomer mixture composed of an aromatic alkenyl compound and an alkenyl cyanide compound or a mixture composed of these two compounds and 20% by weight or less of a methacrylic acid ester is graft-copolymerized on an ethylene-propylene rubber until the polymerization conversion reaches 30 to 70% by weight, and in the second reaction step, a methacrylic acid ester compound or a mixture of a methacrylic acid ester compound and 20% by weight or less of at least one other copolymerizable monomer is polymerized in the presence of the reaction mixture obtained in the first reaction step until the polymerization reaction is substantially completed. The rubber-modified thermoplastic resin obtained by this process is excellent in impact resistance, appearance of molded article and colorability.

Activity patterns of H3PMo12O40 and its alkali salts for oxidation reactions.

Abstract: It has been demonstrated that oxidation reactions of organic compounds over H3PMo12O40 and its alkali salts are classified into two prototypes. In the first type reactions, the surface redox properties of catalysts are important, and in the second type the bulk properties. Oxygen-addition reactions like methacrolein to methacrylic acid are an example of the former, and oxidative dehydrogenation is the latter example.

Process for producing methacrylic acid

Abstract: A catalyst having a heteropoly-acid structure and the general formula: Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Cu.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.f wherein Mo, V, P, Cu and O represent respectively molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, copper and oxygen, X represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tin, thorium, germanium, nickel, iron, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, titanium, lead, rhenium, zirconium, and chromium, and a, b, c, d, e and f represent the atomic ratio of the elements where, a is 10 b is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0, c is a number of 0.5 to 3, d is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0, e is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0, f is a number determined depending on the valency and atomic ratio of other elements. There is also provided a process for producing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein with molecular oxygen or molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst defined above.

Conformational studies on poly(ethacrylic acid) in aqueous salts by potentiometric, viscometric, optical and1H-NMR measurements

Abstract: The conformation of poly(ethacrylic acid) was studied in aqueous salts by means of potentiometric, viscometric, optical and1H-NMR measurements. The modified potentiometric titration curves in aqueous NaCl at ionic strengths 0.01–0.3 and 5–35 °C indicated the pH-induced conformational transition from the compact to extended coil. The standard free energy changes and the difference in molar heat capacity between the two conformers were estimated from the potentiometric data. The viscometric and optical behaviours did also show the existence of the compact form at acid pH's and the pH-induced conformational transition to the extended coil in aqueous NaCl and NaClO4. From comparison with the data for poly(methacrylic acid), the results were concluded to be consistent with the existence of the compact form stabilized by hydrophobic interaction between ethyl groups. The methyl widths in 400 MHz1H-NMR spectra indicated that the side chains in the polymer in the compact form are in a more restricted motional state than in the coil form. Intermolecular aggregations were found at very low degrees of ionization of carboxyl groups.

Photofragmentation of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid in the gas phase

Abstract: Decarboxylation des acides acrylique (193 mm) et methacrylique (249 mm) Formation de CO 2 et de carbene Processus photophysique se manifestant prealablement a la reaction chimique

Polymerization in the transparent water-in-oil solutions (i). methyl methacrylate and the copolymerizable cosurfactant

Abstract: Polymerization of methyl methacrylic acid (MMA) was made in transparent W/O microemulsions and solutions. Acrylic Acid (AA) and pentanol were used as cosurfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant Acrylic Acid as cosurfactant gave large microemulsion areas with the monomer of methyl methacrylic acid. Polymerization in areas where the microemulsion remained stable gave polymers with high molecular weights 106.

Rate of absorbency of substrates containing in-situ polymerized monomers

Abstract: An improvement in a process for producing an absorbent composite wherein a solution of acrylic or methacrylic acid salts are applied to a substrate and irradiated to form a water swellable polymer in-situ within such substrate. The component comprises saturating the irradiated substrate with an aqueous liquid and then drying to a moisture content of less than 20 percent by weight whereby the dried substrate exhibits rapid absorption properties.

Inert cross-linked copolymer support, its preparation process and its use for producing delayed action medicaments

Abstract: Inert cross-linked copolymer able to absorb and then progressively release a pharmaceutically active substance, wherein it is constituted by a powder of a cross-linked copolymer comprising 30 to 80% by weight of monounsaturated alkyl acrylate and/or methacrylate; 5 to 68% by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid; and 2 to 15% by weight of bifunctional or trifunctional acrylate and/or methacrylate polymerized in accordance with free radical polymerization mechanisms.

Polymerisationsauslösung mit substituierten ethanen, 5. Polymerisation von verschiedenen methacrylmonomeren†

Abstract: Methyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid can be polymerized by 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyl-1,2-diphenoxyethane and 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyl-1,2-dicyanoethane. In the first period of the polymerization with both initiators oligomers are formed which can initiate the polymerization of other vinyl monomers yielding block-copolymers besides the resp. homopolymers.

Protein and sugar separation by mechanochemical membrane having “chemical valve” function

Abstract: The membrane permeability of aqueous solutions of proteins (albumin, hemoglobin, amylase, invertase), sugars (glucose, raffinose), and their mixtures was investigated for poly(methacrylic acid) (membranes treated and untreated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). It was found that the PEG-treated membranes allow a much faster permeation of these macro- and microsolutes as well as water than untreated ones, but that solute rejection depends largely on the molecular weight of the solute substance. Enhanced permeation of fluid through PEG-treated membranes is caused by mechanochemical contraction of the network chains which tend to expand the micropores of the membrane.

Oxidation catalyst, especially for the preparation of methacrylic acid by gas phase oxidation of methacrolein

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE Oxidation catalysts which in addition to oxygen ions, with or without NH4+ ions, con-molybdenum, tungsten, phosphorus and antimony as basic components, in the atomic ratio Mo:W:P:Sb =12:0.1-3: 0.1-4:0.1-3, and which are prepared in a conventional manner by combining molybdenum, phosphorus, antimony and tungsten compounds in aqueous solutions or suspensions, removing the water and calcining the residues, the com-bination being carried out at chloride ion concentra-tions of less than 0.3 mole per mole of molyb-denum and in the presence of ions of monocarboxylic acids of 1 or 2 carbon atoms, dicarboxylic acids or hydroxy-carboxylic acids, are particularly suitable for the gas phase oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid.

Phosphate esters of acrylated epoxides

Abstract: Radiation curable monomers useful in coating compositions are prepared by reacting part of the epoxy groups of a polyepoxide resin with acrylic or methacrylic acid followed by esterifying the remaining epoxy groups with phosphoric acid.

Acrylic resin dispersions

Abstract: What are disclosed are aqueous dispersions of an acrylic resin which is suitable for the reinforcement of fibrous articles and is free of formaldehyde and acrylonitrile, said resin comprising (a) from 70 to 96.95 weight percent of alkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, or mixtures of such esters with styrene; (b) from 2 to 30 weight percent of an hydroxyalkyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid; (c) from 1 to 10 weight percent of acrylamide or of methacrylamide; (d) from 0.05 to 3 weight percent of a crosslinking comonomer having at least two polymerizable double bonds; (e) up to 5 weight percent of an unsaturated carboxylic acid; and (f) up to 20 weight percent of one or more further monomers, as well as fibrous articles reinforced with such a resin dispersion and showing reduced loss of resin binder on dry cleaning and reduced absorption of plasticizers, and methods of making such articles.

Scale inhibiting copolymer

Abstract: A random copolymer which consists essentially of a copolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) acrylamide or methacrylamide (together "(meth)acrylamide"), and (iii) and alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate ester ("AAE") present in specified relative proportions, is soluble in water, and is surprisingly effective in the treatment of industrial process water used in recirculating water systems, particularly with respect to inhibiting the deposition of calcium phosphate on surfaces of equipment used in such systems.

Process for preparing copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids (anhydride)

Abstract: 1. A process for the preparation of a copolymer, having a K value of from 8 to 80 and containing copolymerized units of monoethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, by free-radical copolymerization of (a) from 10 to 60 % by weight of maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or a mixture thereof, (b) from 90 to 40 % by weight of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylacetic acid or a mixture thereof, and (c) from 0 to 20 % by weight of another, carboxyl-free monoethylenically unsaturated monomer which is copolymerizable with (a) and (b), the percentages being based on the polymer, wherein the copolymerization is carried out as a precipitation polymerization in a C1 -C3 -alkyl-substituted benzene hydrocarbon or aliphatic halohydrocarbon as solvent other than benzene, in which solvent the monomers are soluble and the copolymer is insoluble, in the presence of from 0,05 to 4 % by weight of a protective colloid and from 2 to 5 % by weight of a free-radical initiator, the percentages being based in each case on the monomers, at least one third of the dicarboxylic acid anhydride to be employed being initially charged into the reactor and the remainder being metered in over not more than two thirds of the feed time of from 2 to 10 hours for the monocarboxylic acid, and the polymerization is initiated at from 50 to 100 degrees C and completed at from 130 to 180 degrees C.

Process and catalyst for the preparation of methacrylic acid

Abstract: Oxidation catalysts of the general formula Mo.sub.12 P.sub.a W.sub.b Sb.sub.c As.sub.d Cu.sub.e X.sub.f O.sub.x where X is Nb, Fe, Mn, Sn and/or Cr, a is 0.1-3, b is 0.1-4, c is <0-2, d is 0-1, e is 0-1, d+e is <0-2, f is 0-1.5, e+f is 0-2 and x is the number of oxygen atoms formally required to saturate the valencies of the other catalyst components, may be used particularly advantageously for the preparation of methacrylic acid by gas phase oxidation of methacrolein.

Process for producing film

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical preparation in the form of an polyacrylate film for long-term transdermal administration of systemic pharmaceuticals comprising forming a homogeneous solution of an effective amount of a systemically acting pharmaceutical and a freeze-dried latex of a polyacrylate copolymer of methyl and/or ethyl esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid formed by emulsion polymerization and having an average molecular weight of about 800,000 in at least one organic solvent, forming a thin layer of the said solution and drying the layer to form a polyacrylate film and the film product produced by the said process.

Methacrylic acid separation

Abstract: A process to recover acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by using a split quench process which allows acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to be recovered from the resulting aqueous solutions by a combination of solvent extraction and azeotropic dehydration that minimizes the amount of solvent required.

Method for inhibiting scale deposition

Abstract: Copolymers which are substantially completely soluble in water at the low concentration in which they are used to treat process water, include copolymers of acrylic acid ("AA") or methacrylic acid ("MAA") and salts thereof (together referred to herein as "(meth)acrylic acid", and for brevity as "(M)AA"), and a lower alkenyl carboxylate ("LAC") such as vinyl acetate or propionate, optionally together with a salt of a lower alkenyl sulfonate ("SLAS"). Typical copolymers are those of (M)AA and vinyl acetate ("VOAc") present in a molar ratio in the range from 95:5 to about 60:40; and those of (M)AA, VOAc and sodium vinyl sulfonate ("SVS") in a molar ratio in the range from 95:4.9:0.1 to about 50:25:25. If desired, the foregoing copolymers may be hydrolyzed for use as their hydrolyzates, or the copolymers may be at least partially hydrolyzed, prior to or, during use as for example when used in alkaline boiler water systems. The compositions are useful to inhibit the deposition of particulate matter in mud suspended in the process water, and also of scale due to salts dissolved in various process water streams, particularly in boiler water and cooling water. The compositions are therefore not only excellent dispersants but also exhibit unexpected threshold and sequestering effects. They are conventionally formed and have a relatively low molecular weight, preferably in the range from about 1000 to about 25,000. The molar ratio of the reactants is such that (M)AA is always present in a molar amount which is at least 50 mole percent relative to the remaining constituent(s) of the copolymer.

Catalyst for use in a methacrylic acid process

Abstract: A catalyst having heteropoly-acid structure and the general formula: Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Cu.sub.d As.sub.e X.sub.f O.sub.g wherein, X represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, cerium, cobalt, iron, zirconium, thorium, tungsten, germanium, nickel, rhenium, bismuth, antimony, chromium, boron, magnesium, silver, aluminum, zinc and titanium and a, b, c, d, e, f and g represent the atomic ratio of the elements where, a is 10, b is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0, c is a number of 0.5 to 6, d is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0, e is a number of 3 or less than 3 excluding 0, f is a number of 0 to 3, g is a number determined depending on the valency and atomic ratio of other elements. There is also provided a process for producing methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein with molecular oxygen or molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst defined above.

Method of isolating methacrylic acid

Abstract: A method of isolating and recovering methacrylic acid from a methacrylic acid-containing reaction product gas resulting from the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of isobutylene, tertiary butanol or isobutyraldehyde, which comprises introducing the reaction product gas comprising methacrylic acid and various by-products including high boiling substances at a high temperature of 250° to 300° C. into a cooling zone, rapidly cooling the gas therein to a temperature of not more than 100° C. to condense methacrylic acid and thus isolate methacrylic acid, while also converting the high boiling substances to fumes, thereafter introducing the cooled gas containing said fumes into a venturi scrubber, contacting it therein with an aqueous medium to remove said fumes, finally introducing the treated gas into a methacrylic acid-absorbing zone and absorbing methacrylic acid by absorption into an aqueous medium.