Showing papers on "Natural fiber published in 1994"

Influence of water uptake on the mechanical properties of jute fiber‐reinforced polypropylene

Abstract: Jute fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites have been produced and characterized in order to investigate the influence of water on their mechanical properties. Being hydrophilic, jute fibers absorb a high amount of water causing swelling of fibers. On the other hand, the thermal shrinkage of polypropylene melt leaves some gaps between jute fibers and matrix material. We investigated whether these gaps could be filled by the swelling of wetted fibers. The fillup of these gaps would result in a higher shear strength between fibers and matrix during fracture. Our results suggest that swelling of jute fibers in a composite material can have positive effects on mechanical properties. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Stress relaxation in short sisal-fiber-reinforced natural rubber composites

Abstract: Stress relaxation behavior of chemically treated short sisal fiber-reinforced natural rubber composite was studied. The effect of bonding agent, strain level, fiber loading, fiber orientation, and temperature has been studied in detail. The existence of a single relaxation pattern in the unfilled stock and a two-stage relaxation mechanism for the fiber-filled composite is reported. The relaxation process is influenced by the bonding agent, which indicated that the process involved fiber-rubber interface. The rate of stress relaxation increased with fiber loading, whereas it decreased with aging. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

On the Elongation Mechanism of Regenerated Cellulose Fibres

Abstract: The elongation at break äs well äs the tensile modulus of solvent spun cellulose fibres, both measured in the conditioned state, correlate with the amorphous orientation factor. The relevant regression curves are similar to that of the relation between the elongation at break resp. the tensile modulus and the crystallite orientation factor; the latter preceding the amorphous orientation factor with increasing total orientation. Hence it is concluded, that the elongation mechanism of regenerated cellulose fibre does not consist only of orientation of crystallites, but that additionally a straightening and orientation of the less ordered molecular segments in the interstices between the crystallites has to be assumed.

Effects of plasma treatment on mechanical properties of rubber/cellulose fibre composites

Abstract: Natural rubber materials reinforced with cellulose fibres have been studied with respect to crosslink density, tensile strength and stress relaxation. The fibres have been grafted with butadiene or divinylbenzene by plasma treatment. Chemiluminescence analysis was used to indicate the grafting on the surface of the cellulose fibres and also to estimate the effect of the plasma on the cellulose fibres. The results indicate the possibility of obtaining a surface layer on the fibres, which is a conceivable way of improving the mechanical properties of rubber composites.

The kinetics of cellulose fiber degradation and correlation with some tensile properties

Abstract: Cellulosic degradation of cotton and flax yarns caused by light, heat and heterogeneous acid-catalyzed hydrolysis was studied. These processes were followed by measuring changes in intrinsic fluidity (1/DP w ): two principal stages, characterized by different zero-order kinetics, take place. A relation between changes in intrinsic fluidity with some mechanical properties of the same yarns during the degradation process was found

Chemical structure and dynamic mechanical behavior of silk fibers modified with different kinds of epoxides

Abstract: The chemical reactivity of epoxide molecules toward silk fibroin was investigated by determining the rate of conversion of reactive amino acid residues. Significant differences were found between two different bifunctional epoxides, diglycidyl ethers of ethylene glycol (E) and resorcinol (R), the former reacting at a higher extent with arginine and tyrosine. The moisture regain decreased by reaction with epoxides, at a variable rate and extent, according to the hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of epoxides. A two-step behavior was observed when moisture regain values relating to the silk content in modified silk, fibers were plotted as a function of the weight gain. Dynamic mechanical data showed that the major loss peak became broader and its temperature shifted to lower values following the increase of weight gain. The loss peak temperatures showed a linear relationship with the amount of weight gain. The fine structural changes induced by reaction with eposides will be discussed in terms of chemical and steric factors of the epoxides, as well as of epoxide location within the different structural domains of silk fibers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Changes in the fine structure of silk fibroin fibers following gamma irradiation

Abstract: The physicochemical changes of silk fibers irradiated with γ-rays was studied in relation to the amount of absorbed does in the range 0–21 Mrad. The yellowing index (b/L) suddenly increased at low dose for both raw and degummed silk fibers. An equilibrium value was attained from 10 Mrad upward. The tensile properties were significantly affected by exposure to γ-rays. Both strength and elongation at break decreased at almost the same rate and extent, attaining a final value that was one-half of the untreated control. The birefringence and isotropic refractive index of exposed silk fibers decreased, the effect being larger in the low dose range, suggesting a decrease of crystallinity and molecular orientation. X-ray diffraction curves, however, demonstrated that the crystalline structure remained unchanged even after exposure of the highest γ-ray dose. The thermal behavior evaluated by DSC and TMA measurements showed that the γ-irradiation induced a slight decrease of thermal stability in irradiated silk fibers, this effect being detectable only at 21 Mrad of the absorbed dose. The dynamic viscoelastic behavior suggested that the thermal movement of the fibroin molecules in the amorphous and crystalline regions increased with increasing absorbed dose, attributing to the physicochemical modifications induced by the ionizing radiations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Methods for biodegradation separation of natural fibers to release particulate contamination

Abstract: A method is presented for releasing petroleum and hydrocarbon products sorbed onto or entrained by natural fibers in an aqueous medium through the use of enzymes to degrade the natural fiber sorbents utilized for oil spill cleanup, the method provides an opportunity for achieving responsible separation of oil from oil spill sorbent materials. Natural fibers which have been utilized to adsorb petroleum and hydrocarbon products are separated from these petroleum and hydrocarbon products by reducing the natural fiber links to the point that the adsorbed or entrained oil no longer has sufficient binding surface or fiber link to remain held by the fibers, thus float to the surface of the aqueous medium. Aqueous medium enzyme compositions are provided which are suitable for degrading natural fibers inclusive of cellulose-based and protein-based fibers resulting in release of adsorbed, absorbed and/or entrained radioactive contaminants.

Laminated nonwoven structure

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a laminated nonwoven structure high in tensile strength and delamination strength and having excellent bacteria barrier properties by laminating a natural fiber nonwoven fabric to both surfaces of a nonwoven fabric constituted of a three-dimensional reticulated structural fiber composed of a polyolefinic polymer. CONSTITUTION: Welding treatment is applied to a laminate obtained by laminating a natural fiber nonwoven fabric to both surfaces of a reticulated structural fiber nonwoven fabric. Natural fibers 2 positioned on the boundary surface of respective nonwoven fabric layers in a spot welding area are fixed in the state embedded in the molten part of a reticulated structural fiber layer by the reticulated structural fiber layer 1 and natural fibers 2 melted in the spot welding area. Since the respective nonwoven fabric layers have this bonded structure in the spot welding area, a laminated nonwoven structure high in both of tensile strength and delamination strength is formed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Solidifying material having scattering prevention property

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a solidifying material having excellent flexural strength and improved scattering prevention performance to enable the use in a good environment. CONSTITUTION: This solidifying material is produced by mixing a raw material with a scattering prevention material and a fiber selected from glass fiber, carbon fiber, natural fiber and organic synthetic fiber or a mixture of two or more kinds of the above fibers. The raw material is cement, slaked lime, quick lime, etc., and the scattering prevention material is a compound selected from glycol compound, glycerol compound and ether compound or a mixture of two or more kinds of the above compounds. These compounds may be used singly or in combination. The amount of the scattering prevention material is 1-5% based on the raw material. The scattering prevention effect can be improved by combining the scattering prevention material with liquid paraffin at a ratio of 1:3 to 3:1. An example of the combination is a mixture of diethylene glycol and liquid paraffin. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO

Raw material composition for fiber-reinforced type thermoplastic resin and its molded body

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a raw material composition for a fiber-reinforced resin, for which an inexpensive natural fiber is used effectively and sufficient composite effect is revealable, and its manufacture. CONSTITUTION:In a raw material composition, at least two kinds of natural fibers or at least a kind of the natural fiber, at least a kind of artificial fiber, a thermoplastic resin powder and/or granule are mixed up evenly with each other.

Skin caring fiber product

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a skin caring fiber product capable of retaining skin having moist feeling for a long period by providing a protein containing a specific amount of serine to a fiber product. CONSTITUTION: This fiber product is obtained by subjecting a yarn composed of an animal or plant natural fiber, a regenerated fiber, a synthetic fiber and a fiber product such as pile or woven or knitted fabric to immersing treatment with an aqueous solution containing sericin (e.g. obtained from a silk fiber) which is a protein containing 20-40wt.% of serine as an amino acid component and applying 0.05-5wt.% of sericin protein to the fiber. The fiber product provides sufficient moisture retaining effect on corneal layer and is capable of retaining skin having moist feeling over a long period and excellent in skin caring property.

Production of combined cloth of natural yarn and synthetic yarn showing transfer printing pattern of sublimable disperse dye and its product

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a product of combined cloth of natural fiber and synthetic fiber showing a multicolored fade pattern of excellent unexpected elegance by intentionally combining natural fibers with synthetic fiber part and coloring the synthetic fiber part by transfer printing. CONSTITUTION:Natural fibers not dyeable with a sublimable disperse dye such as cotton or wool are intentionally combined with synthetic fibers dyeable with a sublimable disperse dye such as polyester by mixed spinning, mixed twisting, knitting, weaving or embroidery or patch work to give cloth. Transfer paper having an arbitrary pattern coated with the sublimable disperse dye is hot pressed to one side of the cloth. The sublimable disperse dye is transferred to the synthetic fiber part among the cloth, the synthetic fiber part is dyed, stain attached to the natural fiber part is washed away and the natural fiber part is kept as it is or the whole cloth is further dyed to constitute combined cloth of natural fiber and synthetic fiber showing transfer printing pattern of sublimable disperse dye.

Raw material web consisting of natural fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a web material easy for waste disposal by, after needle- felting-processing, forming a biologically decomposable coating layer or laminating and integrating high density web, etc., having the same abilities. CONSTITUTION: Natural fibers such as cotton and other cellulose fiber are needle-felting-processed to form web having a wt. of about 300-3000 g/m or 50-500 g/m . Then at least one of the outside of the web is coated with a biologically decomposable material such as potato starch and/or alginates. Or high density web, reinforced fabric, reinforced knit, or reinforced layer made of the biologically decomposable fiber are adhered by the biologically decomposable adhesive such as potato starch, or laminated to integrated by sewing, knitting and/or stiching. And, according to use, at least one surface of the processing web is laminated with aluminum foil, or the composed fibers are coated with a waterproofing agent, antiseptic, mildew resistant agent, larvicide or fire- resistant agent, etc.

Interior base material for automobile

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide base material easily given glass fiber and attain light weight by laminating an orientation sheet, in which numerous fine long glass fiber arrayed in the constant direction is bound by thermoplastic resin, on at least one side of a mixed fiber web formed by mixing two kinds of fiber with different melting points. CONSTITUTION:Base material 12 in interior material 10 on which skin material is laminated is formed by laminating orientation sheets 12b, 12b', in which long glass fiber arrayed in the constant direction are bound by thermoplastic resin, on at least one side of a mixed fiber web 12a formed by mixing two or more kinds of fiber. The mixed fiber web 12a is formed by mixing the first fiber having a high melting point with the second fiber having a melting point sufficiently lower than that of the first fiber. The first fiber is formed of thermoplastic fiber or natural fiber with the melting point of 200 deg.C or higher such as cotton, polyester or rayon, and the second fiber is formed of material such as polypropylene group material with desirable adhesive property to the thermoplastic resin of the orientation sheet.

Saponin-containing fiber and its production

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a saponin-containing fiber excellently preventing chapped skin, rash, etc., by attaching >= a specific amount of saponin of sponge cucumber to the fiber. CONSTITUTION:Yarn or woven or knit fabric composed of natural fiber, regenerated fiber or synthetic fiber is treated with an aqueous solution containing saponin of sponge cucumber and a water-soluble glycol and >=0.001wt.%, preferably 0.01-2wt.% saponin of sponge cucumber is attached to the fiber to give a saponin-containing fiber having excellent thereapeutic effect on wound and troubles of skin.

Fire behaviour of sisal short fibers reinforced gypsum

Abstract: The fire behavior of sisal fibers reinforced gypsum in laboratory tests is described. Specially designed testing equipment that is easily available has been implemented in this work to analyze the fire behavior of fibers under load and their composite fire performance.

Antibacterial and antifungal synthetic fiber product and its processing method

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide the antibacterial and antifungal fiber product excellent in washing resistance and maintaining the effects over a long period by a post- treatment method comprising imparting a solution or emulsion containing a specific compound to a synthetic fiber product and subsequently drying the product. CONSTITUTION:The antibacterial and antifungal synthetic fiber product excellent in washing resistance is produced by a post-treatment method comprising imparting N-n-butylcarbamic acid 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester ester to a fiber product such as natural fiber product, synthetic fiber product or semi-synthetic fiber product, e.g. by a padding method or exhaustion method using an organic solvent solution containing the N-n-butylcarbamic acid 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester or using an emulsion containing the compound in the presence of an anionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant. The post-processing method gives the fiber product excellent in washing resistance and having the antibacterial and antifungal effects from a polyester fiber product most difficult to process.

Method for obtaining moldings having appearance of natural stone and obtained moldings

Abstract: PURPOSE: To form a molded product having appearance of a natural stone by selecting a mixing ratio of a colored or colorless thermoplastic resin matrix and at least two colored or colorless fillers of a natural fiber, a carbon fiber and a mineral different in dimension, a particle size and a color to perform processing. CONSTITUTION: Fibers with a length of 1-1.9 mm different in dimension such as sawdust, natural fibers with a length of 2-5 mm different in dimension and a mineral raw material having the min. size such as mica are mixed with a thermoplastic resin matrix of an acrylic resin as a filler. The natural fibers are variously colored. The compsn. of the resin matrix and the filler is brought to a molten state and processed by allowing one stage performing the mixing operation of the whole or a part containing one fraction of a thermoplastic resin to precede to obtain a molded product having appearance of a natural stone.

Method for processing fiber

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a fiber capable of exhibiting insulation effectiveness with excellent durability and suppressing drying of skin by sticking cyclodextrin including a specific liposoluble substance in the interior of voids to a natural or synthetic fiber. CONSTITUTION:A processing solution comprising cyclodextrin obtained by including squalane or squalene or its mixture, a liposoluble substance, in the interior of voids of cyclodextrin, a binder and a softener is applied to to a natural fiber or synthetic fiber and the cyclodextrin is stuck to the fiber to give the objective fiber having excellent fastness to washing, capable of maintaining insulation effectiveness for a long period of time.

Laminated fiber structure resistant to wrinkling

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a laminated fiber structure having flexibility and nevertheless resistant to wrinkling by laminating a stretchable base fabric containing polyurethane elastic fiber and having a specific thickness on one side of a non-stretchable fabric. CONSTITUTION:This laminated fiber structure is produced by laminating a stretchable base fabric (e.g. a woven fabric, a knit fabric or a nonwoven fabric) containing polyurethane elastic fiber and having 50-300% elongation (at 2.0kg load) at least on one side of a non-stretchable woven fabric consisting of a natural fiber or a synthetic fiber such as a polyamide or a polyester by using an adhesive comprising a polyether-based urethane resin. The thickness of the stretchable base fabric is 2.5-5.0 times as thick as that of the non-stretchable woven fabric. The laminated fiber structure has a unique hand feeling and is resistant to wrinkling.

Controlled enzyme biodegradation of organic natural fibers and method for releasing contaminants

Abstract: Aqueous medium enzyme compositions are provided which are suitable for degrading natural fibers inclusive of cellulose-based and protein-based fibers resulting in release of adsorbed, absorbed and/or entrained petroleum products and radioactive contaminants. A method is presented for releasing petroleum and hydrocarbon products sorbed onto or entrained by natural fibers in an aqueous medium through the use of enzymes to degrade the natural fiber sorbents utilized for oil spill cleanup, the method provides an opportunity for achieving responsible separation of oil from oil spill sorbent materials. A method is also presented for preparing cellulosic linter fibers by controlled enzyme biodegradation of cellulosic fibers by mixing the cellulosic fibers in an aqueous medium with cellulases to degrade the natural fibers under controlled conditions for a sufficient period of shorten the cellulosic fiber source materials to linter lengths. The aqueous medium enzyme compositions are also suitable for degrading protein-based fibers in an aqueous medium enzyme composition resulting in the production of protein food supplements of the various amino acids which constitute the protein-based fibers.

Fiber and/or fiber structure or film excellent in deep color effect

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject fiber, fiber structure or film having excellent deep color effect by forming the coating film of a mixture of mutually incompatible resins having different etching rates on the surface of a fiber and/or a fiber structure, etc., the coating film being separated into two phases, partially etching the coating film, and subsequently forming specific metal films, etc., in depressions produced by the etching. CONSTITUTION:A resin mixture comprising two kinds or more of mutually incompatible resins having mutually different etching rates is applied to the surface of a fiber comprising a natural fiber or synthetic fiber and/or to the surface of a fiber structure or to the surface of a film to form a coating film separated into two phases. The coating film is etched with low temperature plasma to form depressions in the resin layer having a large etching rate. 100-2000A thick metal mixture films comprising a mixture of Al and Al2O3 and further 100-5000Angstrom thick transparent films comprising a zinc oxide or its mixture with zinc are formed in the depressions to provide the fiber and/or fiber structure or film excellent in a deep color effect and expressing an anisotropic color effect.

Analysis of Structure and Swelling Behavior of Silk Fibers Treated with a Mixture of Glyoxal and Urethane Resins.

Abstract: Fiber structure and swelling behavior of domestic silk fibers (Bombyx mori) treated with a mixture of glyoxal and urethane resins were investigated. The amino acid composition of the hydrolysate solution of the resin treated fibers indicated that the glyoxal monomer reacted with the tyrosine residue. For the glyoxal resin with relatively large number of hydroxyl groups per glyoxal monomer, the fixation of the resin to the amorphous regions of the fibers was promoted and the crystallites with smaller sizes were destroyed. However, if the number of hydroxyl groups was relatively small, the degree of swelling of the amorphous regions decreased although the amount of the resin fixed in the fibers was small. The decrease in the absorption of water by treating the fibers with a mixture of glyoxal and urethane resins was considered to be caused by the crosslinkings formed in the fibers.