Showing papers on "Neglect published in 1989"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the literature on the abuse-breed-abuse hypothesis and the long-term consequences of abusive home environments and suggest that conclusions about the strength of the cycle of violence be tempered by the dearth of convincing empirical evidence.
Abstract: Critically examines the "violence breeds violence" hypothesis broadly defined. Organized into seven sections, the literature review includes (a) the abuse breeds abuse hypothesis; (b) reports of small numbers of violent/homicidal offenders; (c) studies examining the relationship of abuse and neglect to delinquency, (d) to violent behavior, and (e) to aggressive behavior in infants and young children; (f) abuse, withdrawal, and self-destructive behavior; and (g) studies of the impact of witnessing or observing violent behavior. A detailed discussion of methodological considerations and shortcomings precedes the review. The author concludes that existing knowledge of the long-term consequences of abusive home environments is limited and suggests that conclusions about the strength of the cycle of violence be tempered by the dearth of convincing empirical evidence. Recommendations are made for further research.
1,114 citations
TL;DR: Overall, abused and neglected subjects had higher rates than did controls for adult criminality and arrests for violent offenses, but not for adult arrests for child abuse or neglect.
Abstract: Using a prospective cohorts design, a large sample of physical and sexual abuse cases was compared to a matched control group. Overall, abused and neglected subjects had higher rates than did controls for adult criminality and arrests for violent offenses, but not for adult arrests for child abuse or neglect. Findings are discussed in the context of intergenerational transmission of violence, and directions for future research are suggested.
579 citations
TL;DR: Abused and neglected subjects had higher rates of having an adult criminal record than controls and a larger number of arrests for violent offenses as an adult and support for the cycle of violence is discussed.
Abstract: Using a prospective cohorts design, official criminal histories for a large sample of substantiated and validated cases of physical and sexual abuse and neglect from the years 1967 through 1971 (n = 908) were compared with those of a matched control group (n = 667) of individuals with no official record of abuse or neglect. Abused and neglected subjects had higher rates of having an adult criminal record than controls and a larger number of arrests as an adult. Based on a logit analysis, a model using four explanatory variables (age, sex, race, and abuse/neglect status) provided a good fit. In comparison with controls, abused and neglected subjects also had a higher frequency of arrests for violent offenses as adults; however, this was due primarily to significantly more adult violent offenses by abused males. Support for the cycle of violence is discussed as well as sex differences in the results, limitations of the findings, and implications for further research.
446 citations
TL;DR: The authors conclude that the development of Borderline Personality Disorder is more strongly associated with exposure to chronically disturbed caretakers than prolonged separations from these same adults and a history of abuse rather than aHistory of neglect.
410 citations
TL;DR: Star cancellation was the most sensitive measure of neglect and correctly diagnosed all patients whose aggregate score on the full battery fell below that of the control population.
347 citations
340 citations
TL;DR: Study findings reveal that the strongest predictors of both types of maltreatment are percentage of families with income less than 200% of poverty and percent of vacant housing and the pattern of co-variation between the two economic stress indicators and three inadequate social support indicators are consistent with the ecological hypothesis.
Abstract: This report assesses current knowledge about the ecological determinants of child maltreatment and presents data from an aggregate study of co-variation between seven community characteristics and maltreatment rates. A review of these findings revealed literature in the early stages of development. Nothing is known about the ecology of sexual abuse, and studies of physical abuse and neglect have done little more than demonstrate co-variation between reported incidence and neighborhood population and housing characteristics. Study findings reveal that (a) five of the seven community characteristics are significant and independent correlates of neglect, and four are correlates of abuse; (b) the strongest predictors of both types of maltreatment are percentage of families with income less than 200% of poverty and percent of vacant housing; and (c) the pattern of co-variation between the two economic stress indicators and three inadequate social support indicators are consistent with the ecological hypothesis. Discussion focuses on interpretation of findings and recommendations for future research.
168 citations
TL;DR: Improved compliance with well-child care, fewer illness visits, and sharp reductions in hospitalization and in neglect or abuse were found in the visited group compared with the control group, and substantial cost was averted.
146 citations
TL;DR: Exploration of contralateral space would appear to be a process monitored by mechanisms decentralized at the level of the single modality rather than by a supramodal supervisor.
Abstract: Extinction in the visual, tactile and auditory modality, and visual, tactile and motor neglect were investigated in 40 right brain-damaged (RBD) and 50 left brain-damaged (LBD) patients. The presence of neglect was assessed with reference to the performance of 50 control patients. Visual neglect was only found in RBD patients and its severity could vary from one test to another. Tactile neglect was much rarer and it occurred with lesions in either hemisphere. Five cases of motor neglect were found in patients with right parietal damage. Both extinction and neglect could be present either confined to I modality or involving 2 or more. The assumption that extinction always represents an attenuated form of neglect was challenged by the finding of 1 patient with visual neglect but no visual extinction and of3 patients with extinction in all modalities and no sign of neglect. Exploration of contralateral space would appear to be a process monitored by mechanisms decentralized at the level of the single modality rather than by a supramodal supervisor.
113 citations
01 Jun 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look at the evidence that a construct of child maltreatment exists, the problematic nature of its definition, and the potential resolutions of those problems and their potential solutions.
Abstract: To begin a book such as this with a chapter on defining child maltreatment is at once an indication that the definition of the very subject of the book is problematic and that these problems can be resolved. If such resolution were not possible then how could the research reported in subsequent chapters have been accomplished? In this chapter we look at the evidence that a construct of child maltreatment exists, the problematic nature of its definition, and the potential resolutions of those problems. Child development scholars engaged in work on child maltreatment confront a situation wherein the subject of their inquiry has been defined by others for a variety of reasons in a number of different arenas. All of the contributors to this book have faced one or more of the following issues in formulating and executing their work and in interpreting the results: How widely or narrowly should definitions of child maltreatment be drawn? What are the subcategories that should be included in the construct? Some of the most common are physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Other less frequently used but legitimate subtypes include moral/legal issues and educational neglect. Definitions of maltreatment will vary depending upon the reasons for which they are needed and the uses to which they will be put; when these conflict, how can choices be made among the resultant (conflicting) definitions? Does the issue of parental (or perpetrator) intention play a major role in definitions, and should it? Are there universal viewpoints or definitions that transcend history and culture or is child maltreatment only defined relative to time and place? […]
106 citations
TL;DR: An investigation of unilateral visual neglect in 23 patients with right cerebro-vascular accident (CVA) and 3 with left CVA shows the typical errors of omission in the hemispace contralateral to the lesion; there is a significant effect of stimulus position in the vertical dimension.
Abstract: We report an investigation of unilateral visual neglect in 23 patients with right cerebro-vascular accident (CVA) and 3 with left CVA. On a modified version of Albert's test of line cancellation the patients show the typical errors of omission in the hemispace contralateral to the lesion. In addition, however, there is a significant effect of stimulus position in the vertical dimension; the patients made most errors in the lower quadrant of the array, contralateral to the site of lesion. We emphasize the importance of studying the distribution of attention along all spatial dimensions in the hemispatial neglect syndromes.
TL;DR: The study indicates that members of abusive families are more likely to have emotional problems which contribute to interpersonal difficulties, and that abused elders are not more dependent on caregivers for many of their daily needs.
Abstract: This study examines factors which contribute to elderly abuse and neglect by caregivers in a domestic setting. Methodological and conceptual variations and problems in previous studies have led to considerable confusion as to the determinants of this important social problem. A more rigorous research design was used in this study than has been previously employed. Fifty-nine abused elders from a model project site for the study of elderly abuse were compared with forty-nine non-abused clients from a home care program in the same agency. Using a research instrument designed by the authors, data related to the following aspects of the lives of the elders and their caregivers were collected: psychological status, stressful life events, social networks, mutual dependency, and the nature of their relationships. The study indicates that members of abusive families are more likely to have emotional problems which contribute to interpersonal difficulties. Abused elders are not more dependent on caregivers for many of their daily needs. However, the abused elderly and their caregivers have become increasingly interdependent prior to the onset of abuse because of the loss of other family members, increased social isolation, and the increased financial dependency of the perpetrator on the elderly person.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined 150 consecutive admissions of multihandicapped children to a psychiatric hospital to determine the extent and characteristics of abuse and neglect, and found that 39% of the sample experienced or had a history that warranted suspicion of past and/or current maltreatment.
TL;DR: In this article, 82 sex offenders at the Massachusetts Treatment Center were administered a brief structured clinical interview focusing on caregiver and institutional history up to age 18, and four factors were derived from principal components analysis and were entered into a series of multiple regression analyses.
Abstract: In this study, 82 sex offenders incarcerated at the Massachusetts Treatment Center were administered a brief structured clinical interview focusing on caregiver and institutional history up to age 18. Interview data were examined along with archival information coded from the clinical files. Four factors were derived from principal components analysis and were entered into a series of multiple regression analyses. There were two noteworthy results. First, sexual and nonsexual aggression in adulthood each were related to distinct aspects of developmental history. Whereas caregiver inconstancy and sexual deviation in the family were related to the severity of sexual aggression, childhood and juvenile institutional history and physical abuse and neglect were associated with severity of nonsexual aggression. Second, contrary to previous studies of other criminal populations, the severity of aggression rather than frequency of crimes was predicted by developmental history. The results of the study suggest that childhood experiences with and disruption of caregiver relationships may be important to understanding sexual aggression in adulthood.
TL;DR: Child abuse and neglect are found to be part of a larger phenomenon of multiproblem families which raises the issue of intergenerational perpetuation of these problems.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the social behavior of physically abused and neglected children is presented, with a focus on aggression, social skills and social competence, peer and family interactions, compliance, as well as other related behaviors.
TL;DR: A case of severe visuo-spatial neglect consequent upon right hemisphere stroke, compatible with recent accounts of differential hemispheric activation provoked by lateralized pre-motor programming.
TL;DR: The pattern of anal signs varied with the age of the child and chronicity of abuse, as judged from the history, and the general absence of these findings in the group of children judged not to have been sexually abused supports a cause and effect hypothesis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the behavior of 85 children adopted when aged three or older, using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist to pinpoint specific child behaviors associated with adoption instability and adoptive parent dissatisfaction.
TL;DR: It is made that cueing to the left should result in a significant increase in right-sided omissions because of this general attentional difficulty, and this hypothesis was confirmed, and two patterns of results were observed.
TL;DR: The case of a man with a right hemisphere lesion and with evidence of left-sided visuospatial neglect is reported, whose performance was significantly modified by information implicit in stimulus configurations.
Abstract: The case of a man with a right hemisphere lesion and with evidence of left-sided visuospatial neglect is reported. On a variety of verbal and nonverbal tasks his performance was significantly modified by information implicit in stimulus configurations. Neglect deficits were present on tests involving spatially distinct or meaningless stimulus arrays but almost absent when stimuli were continuous or meaningfully integrated.
TL;DR: Countertransference fear, guilt, shame, and sympathy are discussed as a basis for understanding the reporter's anxieties and countertransference issues should be addressed in the training and ongoing practice of mandated reporters.
TL;DR: It is found that, for most patients, there is an “attentional boundary” beyond which sustained attention cannot be further directed leftwards; the spatial position of this boundary is not intrinsically linked to the midsagittal plane; its position is rather a function of the overall severity of the patient's deficit on the task.
Abstract: We report two studies of a star cancellation task performed by patients with left neglect consequent upon unilateral right hemisphere stroke. In the first experiment, 24 patients performed the task once; in the second, 3 patients were tested repeatedly over the post-stroke period. Rather than dichotomise the data (accuracy on the right versus the left half of the test) we report the results in terms of percent omissions from 6 laterally ordered columns. We find that, for most patients, there is an “attentional boundary” beyond which sustained attention cannot be further directed leftwards. The spatial position of this boundary is not intrinsically linked to the midsagittal plane; its position is rather a function of the overall severity of the patient's deficit on the task. We conclude that “unilateral visuospatial agnosia” is better conceptualised as “ipsilateral capture” than as “contralateral neglect”.
TL;DR: The results suggest that obstacle course performance is sensitive to more than hemispatial neglect, and right-hemisphere stroke victims made significantly more left-sided errors and errors in contralateral space than any other group.
Abstract: The initial experiment of this paper investigated the role of hemispatial neglect in wheelchair-related accidents of right-hemisphere stroke victims. Twelve subjects with and 12 subjects without neglect of left space drove their wheelchairs through an obstacle course. Two types of obstacle course errors were evaluated: direct hits and sideswipes. The neglecting group made significantly more direct hits but there were no significant differences between groups in sideswipe errors. In Experiment 2, the nonneglecting group's data were compared with a left-hemisphere stroke group without neglect and three motor control groups to investigate if their errors resulted from motor deficits. The right-hemisphere stroke group made significantly more left-sided errors and errors in contralateral space than any other group. In Experiment 3, 13 subjects with neglect were taught to scan to the left which resulted in significant decreases in direct hits but not in sideswipes on the obstacle course. These results suggest that obstacle course performance is sensitive to more than hemispatial neglect.
TL;DR: It is concluded that as early as the postpartum period, clinicians can identify some families who are at high risk of maltreatment and other major adverse outcomes resulting from poor parenting.
TL;DR: The results suggest that official reports are unreliable as an indicator of the incidence of abuse.
TL;DR: The growing needs of the aged population require the availability of more physicians with an active interest and commitment to geriatric care, and a widespread negative attitude held by those in the medical profession toward aging and the care of the elderly is documented.
Abstract: STRIKING demographic changes have occurred during this century with the increase in the number and proportion of elderly in the US population. With the improvement in life expectancy, however, the elderly are experiencing more of the cumulative effects of multiple chronic diseases and disability. The growing needs of the aged population require the availability of more physicians with an active interest and commitment to geriatric care. Yet, numerous reports have documented a widespread negative attitude held by those in the medical profession toward aging and the care of the elderly.1-10Such biases may, in part, be due to the general societal negativity toward the aged and they may further reflect the traditional orientation of medical training, which emphasizes the management and cure of acute diseases to the neglect of a comprehensive approach to geriatrics/gerontology in medical school curricula.8 In an effort to sensitize medical students to the problems
TL;DR: Abuse tended to be especially associated with suddenness of becoming dependent, having mental problems, family crises due to suddenly having caregiving responsibilities for which they were unprepared and personal problems of primary caregivers.
Abstract: Elderly Navajo people and their families were surveyed to discover the extent and types of elder abuse among them. Neglect was the most prominent type of abuse. What appeared to be economic exploitation was also quite prevalent, but was in part defined by them as their cultural privilege and duty to share with their families. Abuse tended to be especially associated with suddenness of becoming dependent, having mental problems, family crises due to suddenly having caregiving responsibilities for which they were unprepared and personal problems of primary caregivers.