Showing papers in "Neuropsychologia in 1989"

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the frontal lobes may play a special role in associating facts to the context in which they were learned.

TL;DR: The results of the first experiment showed a selective deficit in both groups of Parkinsonian subjects in their ability to perform an extra-dimensional shift and in the visual search task, the patients were less accurate, but responded with equivalent choice reaction times to those of controls.

TL;DR: It is concluded that both patient groups show a retrieval deficit in remote memory, that a superimposed anterograde impairment produces the steeper temporal gradient in Korsakoff patients, and that the deficit in temporal context memory is unlikely to be related to frontal atrophy or frontal dysfunction.

TL;DR: The results show that, despite a normal ability to encode location, patients with large right hippocampal lesions demonstrate an abnormally rapid forgetting of such information.

TL;DR: The finding of an attentional disengagement impairment for visual targets with auditory cues implies that the parietal lobe's attentional mechanism operates on a representation of space in which both visual and auditory stimuli are represented, in other words, a supramodal representation ofspace.

TL;DR: To investigate what distinguishes tasks that are within the learning abilities of amnesic patients from those that are not, two tests to individuals with Korsakoff's syndrome were administered.

TL;DR: The authors found no statistically significant evidence for such a pattern of specialization was evident in the results of the present study, when meta-analytic techniques were used to combine the present results with those from previous studies.

TL;DR: The major findings were: glucose enhanced memory in elderly and, to a lesser extent, in young subjects; and glucose tolerance in individual subjects predictedMemory in elderly, but not in youngSubjects on both glucose and saccharin test days.

TL;DR: The role of brain catecholamines in covert orienting was tested in normal subjects using a cued reaction time paradigm which measures the directional engagement, disengagement and movement of attention suggesting that both noradrenaline and dopamine are involved in facilitating the disengagement of attention.

TL;DR: Regional cerebral blood flow patterns were investigated by means of single photon emission computerized tomography in subjects who solved cognitive tasks which either did or did not require the use of visual imagery to support the hypothesis that the cerebral correlate ofVisual imagery is different from that of non-imaginal thinking.

TL;DR: The basilar dendrites of one subtype of pyramidal cells are selectively altered in size and complexity during reach training; whereas the other subtype, the single shaft apical cells, do not measurably change during training.

TL;DR: The rhymed fused dichotic words test was administered to 61 epileptic patients whose lesions were atrophic and predominantly unilateral and found that stimulus dominance effects have an important influence on the results, and must be taken into account in the interpretation of dichotic listening asymmetries.

TL;DR: To facilitate rapid screening of confrontation-naming performance in these populations, three 30-item shortened versions of the BNT were constructed and a new Empirical Version, derived from performance of the AD and NC reference groups, maintained most of the intergroup discrimination of the full BNT.

TL;DR: The match/non-match differences are considered to reflect the modulation of an "N400" component similar to that evoked by words, and thus suggest that such components can be modulated by associative priming between non-linguistic stimuli.

TL;DR: Regardless of the movement amplitude the left hemisphere group's reaction time was slower, and the execution of the initial movement component was less accurate than controls, but performance was not impaired for the right hemisphere group on any measures.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the posterior superior temporal plane and adjacent caudal inferior parietal lobe plays an important role in the integration of and/or attention to local and global level information.

TL;DR: Brain potentials were recorded in a prosopagnosic patient in response to familiar and unfamiliar faces he was asked to recognize, and the amplitude of the P300 component was found to be an inverse function of probability for each category of faces despite the patient's inability to consciously recognize these faces.

TL;DR: Brief bias towards control of behaviour by the right eye system on day 8 allows it temporarily to be used successfully by the chick for orientation; apparently interference from the left eye system is reduced at this time.

TL;DR: The present study was aimed at assessing the nature of the breakdown in the semantic memory of a prosopagnosic patient, by orthogonally varying category and modality, while assessing difficulty level.

TL;DR: Patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease were tested on two associative learning tasks and on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task; and their performance was compared with that of patients with frontal or temporal lobe lesions.

TL;DR: These findings indicate that emotions can be aroused by unilateral muscle contractions without intervening cognitions and provide a new methodology for studying the roles of the cerebral hemispheres in emotional experience.

TL;DR: It is suggested that blockade of hippocampal NMDA receptors, under conditions which leave baseline synaptic transmission relatively unaffected, blocks a type of learning with which the vertebrate hippocampus has been implicated on the basis of neuropsychological work.

TL;DR: Three groups of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and two groups of healthy older adults were examined on free and cued recall of subject-performed tasks (SPTs) or verbally presented sentences depicting the same verbal information as the SPTs.

TL;DR: The analysis of asymmetry scores revealed a significant effect of Group, such that a left hemifield preference was present only in the left-to-right (Hindi) group, and the leftward bias was present in a significantly larger proportion of Hindi than Urdu or Arabic readers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the posterior cerebral arteries were permanently occluded bilaterally in six monkeys and then evaluated their performance on a visual recognition task, after which they assessed the extent of their ischemic infarcts.

TL;DR: Right-handed women with nonright-handed relatives, majoring in math-science fields significantly outperformed all other groups of undergraduate women and did as well as undergraduate men on the Vandenberg Mental Rotation Test.

TL;DR: The extent of new association word completion correlated with word fluency as measured by the FAS test and with cued recall in the priming task, but correlated weakly with some measures of amnesic severity, but not with intelligence.

TL;DR: The limits of learning that could be achieved by an amnesic patient in a complex real-world domain are explored using a cuing procedure known as the method of vanishing cues, which suggests that amnesics patients' preserved learning abilities can be extended well beyond what has been reported previously.

TL;DR: Recent memories are more susceptible to amnesic loss than older memories, the time scale being much longer than can reasonably be explained by a passive chemical or morphological change.

TL;DR: In humans, the organization of movements performed by both upper limbs, relies significantly on a left hemisphere "praxis" system that also subsumes speech function, and right hand preference may also be an expression of this left hemisphere dependence, arising from the preferential connections of the right hand to the left hemisphere.