Showing papers on "Paper chromatography published in 1989"
TL;DR: The results indicate that the XG 9-recognition system in pea stem segments is highly discriminating and diminishes the likelihood that the antiauxin activity reported for previous nonsaccharide preparations was due to a compound other than XG9.
Abstract: This work was designed to investigate the structural features required for a branched xyloglucan nonasaccharide (XG9; composition: glucose(4)xylose(3)galactose(1)fucose(1)) to exhibit anti-auxin activity in the pea (Pisum sativum L.) stem segment straight-growth bioassay. Oligosaccharides were prepared by cellulase-catalyzed hydrolysis of Rosa xyloglucan, and tested for auxin antagonism. The quantitatively major hepta-, octa-, and decasaccharides (XG7, XG8, and XG10) showed no antiauxin activity at the concentrations tested and did not interfere with the antiauxin effect of 10(-9) molar XG9 when coincubated at equimolar concentrations. The results indicate that the XG9-recognition system in pea stem segments is highly discriminating. A terminal alpha-l-fucose residue is essential for the antiauxin activity of XG9 and a neighboring terminal beta-d-galactose residue can abolish the activity; possible reasons for the effect of the galactose residue are discussed. A sample of XG9 extensively purified by gel-permeation chromatography followed by paper chromatography in two solvent systems still exhibited antiauxin activity with a concentration optimum around 10(-9) molar. This diminishes the likelihood that the antiauxin activity reported for previous nonsaccharide preparations was due to a compound other than XG9.
125 citations
TL;DR: Prunellin, an anti-HIV active compound, was isolated from aqueous extracts of the Chinese medicinal herb, Prunella vulgaris, and purified to chromatographic homogeneity and identified as a polysaccharide.
105 citations
TL;DR: This optical resolution method for 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) stereoisomers by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) made it possible to analyze quantitatively LL, DD, and meso-DAP compared with the previously reported methods of paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and HPLC.
Abstract: For the chemotaxonomy of actinomycetes, we describe the optical resolution method for 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) stereoisomers by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl- β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC). The analysis was applicable both to whole-cell preparations and to cell wall ones. This method made it possible to analyze quantitatively LL-, DD-, and meso-DAP, compared with the previously reported methods of paper chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and HPLC.
36 citations
TL;DR: The isolation and elucidation of three oligosaccharides other than lactose from the colostrum of three horses obtained by dialysis, and activated charcoal column and preparative paper chromatography are described.
34 citations
TL;DR: Differences were found in the mechanism of the process compared with the systems described by Yuasa et al.
30 citations
TL;DR: It was found that calf chondrocytes synthesize much greater proportion of the collagen whereas the cow cells synthesize PGs of smaller hydrodynamic sizes, bearing shorter GAG side chains that are enriched in KS (Keratan sulfate) and Ch-6S (Chondroitin-6 sulfate isomer).
Abstract: Calf and mature cow articular cartilage was labeled in vitro with [35S]SO4 and [3H]glycine and kinetics of incorporation of both isotopes by cartilage fragments was determined by scintillation spectroscopy. The cartilage fragments were then extracted in sequence with 4M GuHCl (Guanidium chloride) and pepsin. The pepsin digest was adjusted to 1.3 M NaCl and pepsin-solubilized collagen salted out. The 4M GuHCl extract, collagen and pepsin-resistent residue were then freeze-dried. The 4M GuHCl extract was further fractionated by DEAE (Diethylaminoethyl) 52 ion exchange chromatography to obtain protein and PG (Proteoglycan) fractions. The protein fraction was also characterised by SDS-PAGE and PG fraction by Sepharose C1-2B chromatography under associative conditions in the presence and absence of an exogenous HA (Hyaluronic acid). The GAG (Glycosaminoglycan) side chains of the PG samples were analysed by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and their composition determined by paper chromatography after chondroitinase ABC digestion. Linear incorporation of both isotopes was observed from 1 to 18 hours of incubation and roughly equal amounts of [35S]SO4 counts were found on per cell bases in both cartilages although less [3H]glycine was incorporated by cow chondrocytes. It was also found that calf chondrocytes synthesize much greater proportion of the collagen whereas the cow cells synthesize PGs of smaller hydrodynamic sizes, bearing shorter GAG side chains that are enriched in KS (Keratan sulfate) and Ch-6S (Chondroitin-6 sulfate isomer). A failure of cow 35S-PGs monomers to interact with an exogenous HA in the presence of other extracted components was also demonstrated. The relevance of these findings for the mechanism of cartilage damage in aging and osteoarthritis is discussed.
22 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Ciliatine (2-aminoethylphosphonic acid) was detected in the human brain, heart, kidney, liver, intestine, spleen, adrenal glands, and aorta; no free phosphonic acid was detected.
Abstract: Ciliatine (2-aminoethylphosphonic acid) was detected in the human brain, heart, kidney, liver, intestine, spleen, adrenal glands, and aorta. Phosphonoalanine (2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid) was found in the human liver, intestine and spleen. Tissue homogenates were extracted with trichloroacetic acid and a chloroform-methanol mixture. After hydrolysis, each fraction was subfractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and examined by paper chromatography and electrophoresis using a specific ninhydrin-molybdate staining procedure to detect the phosphonic acids. The acids were found bound either to lipid or to protein; no free phosphonic acid was detected.
16 citations
TL;DR: This investigation shows that the labelling method of Ercan et al. gives the highest labelling efficiency and the final pH (4.5) for the dextran solution makes it more useful for injection.
Abstract: Five dextrans with different molecular weights and charges were labelled with 99mTc. The labelling methods presented by Henze et al. (1982a) and Ercan et al. (1985) were compared. The labelling efficiency was tested with gel column chromatography scanning (GCS), gel chromatography (GC) combined with the Anthrone test, paper chromatography (PC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The GCS technique always indicated a lower labelling efficiency than the PC and TLC techniques, which was due to a more optimal separation of the radioactive components. Gel chromatography in combination with the Anthrone test made it easy to identify the different radiochemical components in contrast to the other methods. Dextran solutions were injected subcutaneously bilaterally at the xiphoid processes in rabbits. The injection sites were massaged for 30 s. Uptake in the parasternal lymph nodes was registrated with a scintillation camera. The animals were killed and dissected at the end of the study. This investigation shows that the labelling method of Ercan et al. gives the highest labelling efficiency. Furthermore, the final pH (4.5) for the dextran solution makes it more useful for injection. For quality control of 99mTc-labelled dextran we recommend the Anthrone test as a complement to GC because it is a quick and simple method of determining the dextran content.
15 citations
TL;DR: A stereoselective synthesis of unusual basic amino acids, such as ornithine, 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid, and 2, 4diamino-6-methylheptanoic acids, was achieved by the hydrogenation of cyclic α,β-dehydro dipeptides obtained by the condensation of cyclo(−Gly-L(or D)-aminoacyl)-) and protected linear or chiral amino aldehydes.
Abstract: A stereoselective synthesis of unusual basic amino acids, ornithine, 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid, and 2,4-diamino-6-methylheptanoic acid, was achieved by the hydrogenation of cyclic α,β-dehydro dipeptides obtained by the condensation of cyclo(–Gly–L(or D)-aminoacyl–) and protected linear or chiral amino aldehydes. The degree of chiral induction greatly depended on the bulkiness of the side chains of α,β-dehydro amino acids. The Rf values on paper chromatography of (2S,4S or 2R,4S)-diaminopentanoic acid prepared by the present method were different from the reported values of a compound which had been obtained from metabolic products of Clostridium sticklandii and estimated to be 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid.
14 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that sialic acid residues are the major anionogenic groups exposed on the surface of H. muscarum muscaru exposed to propranolol.
Abstract: The effects of propranolol (10(-3) mM) on the surface anionic groups of Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum were analysed by cell electrophoresis, by ultrastructural cytochemistry and by identification of sialic acids using paper chromatography. Differentiation of H. muscarum muscarum induced by propranolol treatment caused a significant increase in the net negative surface charge. Binding of cationized ferritin (CF) and colloidal iron hydroxide particles was observed at the cell surface of both untreated and propranolol-treated cells. In cells incubated in the presence of the drug the CF particles were distributed in all membrane regions. However, there were small areas where the particles were absent. In H. muscarum muscarum exposed to propranolol the density of residues of sialic acid per cell was higher, and the agglutinating activity with Sendai virus was more intense. However, the pattern of sialic acid, characterized by the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid derivative, was not modified upon cell interaction with the drug. Treatment of both control and propranolol-treated protozoa with neuraminidase significantly reduced the surface charge. These findings suggest that sialic acid residues are the major anionogenic groups exposed on the surface of H. muscarum muscarum.
12 citations
TL;DR: Results of the biodistribution studies performed in white rats are given and the labelling efficiency of all samples was checked by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and paper electrophoresis.
Abstract: The preparation of99mTc-Sn-DOTA,99mTc-Sn-DDDTA and99mTc-Sn-DHDTA is described. The labelling efficiency of all samples was checked by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and paper electrophoresis. Preliminary results of the biodistribution studies performed in white rats are given.
TL;DR: Virtually identical rates of enzymatic decarboxylation of phosphatidyl[3H]serine were obtained for mitochondrial fractions from pig brain and rat liver when the activities were compared by the column and paper chromatographic methods.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in fats revealed the presence of palmitic, hexadecadienoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and a few minor unidentified acids as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Chemical composition of air-dried ripe fruits (in %) was moisture, reducing sugars, ash, fat, potassium, tartaric acid, proteins, phenolics, nitrogen, iron, phosphorus, ascorbic acid, and unidentified chemicals. Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in fats revealed the presence of palmitic, hexadecadienoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and a few minor unidentified acids. Amino acids from extract of their-dried ripe fruits showed the presence of proline, hydroxyproline, methionine, alanine, glycine, and valine. Paper chromatography studies on simple reducing sugars and their alditol acetates indicated the presence of arabinose, glucose, fructose and galactose
TL;DR: Amorphous famed silica was used to enhance the fluorescence signal of a mixture of polynuclear aromatic (PMA) compounds separated by paper chromatography Benzo[a]pyrene-r-7, t-8, 9, 10-tetrahydrotetrol (BPT) and benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) were well resolved using a 50% (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and 5 mM pH 70 phosphate buffer as the chromatographic solvent.
Abstract: Amorphous famed silica was used to enhance the fluorescence signal of a mixture of polynuclear aromatic (PMA) compounds separated by paper chromatography Benzo[a]pyrene-r-7, t-8, 9, 10-tetrahydrotetrol (BPT) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were well resolved by paper chromatography using a 50% (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and 5 mM pH 70 phosphate buffer as the chromatographic solvent A 200–400% enhancement of the fluorescence intensity was observed when fumed silica was applied to the chromatographic paper prior to separation the results demonstrate that paper chromatography using fumed silica treated paper offers a simple, cost-effective method to improve sensitivity for fluorescence detection of PNA components in environmental samples relative to untreated paper
TL;DR: An extracellular polysaccharide made by the obligately anaerobic ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens was purified by anion-exchange chromatography and found to contain an unknown carbohydrate component as discussed by the authors.
Patent•
26 Oct 1989
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of organic amines and carboxylic acids and possibly water and organic solvents are used to alter surfaces, e.g. of stationary phases for chromatography, in such a way that it becomes possible to carry out applications which are otherwise difficult or not possible at all.
Abstract: Mixtures of organic amines and carboxylic acids and possibly water and organic solvents are used to alter surfaces, e.g. of stationary phases for chromatography, in such a way that it becomes possible to carry out applications which are otherwise difficult or not possible at all. These applications include, for example, exclusion chromatography and the chromatography of biopolymers such as haemoglobin on dynamically modified silica gel, combined adsorption and exclusion chromatography by means of gradient chromatography and also the chromatography of stereoisomers using asymmetric modifying substances.
TL;DR: A stereoselective synthesis of unusual basic amino acids, such as ornithine, 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid, and 2, 4diamino-6-methylheptanoic acids, was achieved by the hydrogenation of cyclic α,β-dehydro dipeptides obtained by the condensation of cyclo(−Gly-L(or D)-aminoacyl)-) and protected linear or chiral amino aldehydes.
Abstract: A stereoselective synthesis of unusual basic amino acids, ornithine, 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid, and 2,4-diamino-6-methylheptanoic acid, was achieved by the hydrogenation of cyclic α,β-dehydro dipeptides obtained by the condensation of cyclo(–Gly–L(or D)-aminoacyl–) and protected linear or chiral amino aldehydes. The degree of chiral induction greatly depended on the bulkiness of the side chains of α,β-dehydro amino acids. The Rf values on paper chromatography of (2S,4S or 2R,4S)-diaminopentanoic acid prepared by the present method were different from the reported values of a compound which had been obtained from metabolic products of Clostridium sticklandii and estimated to be 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid.