Showing papers on "Personality test published in 2012"

The role of fearless dominance in psychopathy: confusions, controversies, and clarifications.

Abstract: Based on their 2011 meta-analysis of the correlates of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), Miller and Lynam (An examination of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory's nomological network: A meta-analytic review, Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 305-326) conclude that its Fearless Dominance (PPI-FD) higher-order dimension exhibits weak construct validity, leading them to question the relevance of boldness to the conceptualization and assessment of psychopathy. We examine their assertions in light of the clinical, conceptual, and empirical literatures on psychopathy. We demonstrate that Miller and Lynam's assertions (a) are sharply at odds with evidence that well-validated psychopathy measures detect both secondary and primary subtypes, the latter of which is linked to social poise and immunity to psychological distress, (b) are inconsistent with most classic clinical descriptions of psychopathy, in which fearless dominance plays a key role, (c) presume an a priori nomological network of psychopathy that leaves scant room for adaptive functioning and renders psychopathy largely equivalent to antisocial personality disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (d) are premised on a misunderstanding of the role of Cleckley's "mask" of healthy adjustment in psychopathy, and (e) are contradicted by data-some reported elsewhere by Miller and Lynam themselves-that PPI-FD is moderately to highly associated with scores on several well-validated psychopathy measures, as well as with personality traits and laboratory markers classically associated with psychopathy. A scientific approach to psychopathy requires the question of whether its subdimensions are linked to adaptive functioning to be adjudicated by data, not by fiat.

Intentional response distortion on personality tests: using eye-tracking to understand response processes when faking.

Abstract: Intentional response distortion or faking among job applicants completing measures such as personality and integrity tests is a concern in personnel selection. The present study aimed to investigate whether eye-tracking technology can improve our understanding of the response process when faking. In an experimental within-participants design, a Big Five personality test and an integrity measure were administered to 129 university students in 2 conditions: a respond honestly and a faking good instruction. Item responses, response latencies, and eye movements were measured. Results demonstrated that all personality dimensions were fakeable. In support of the theoretical position that faking involves a less cognitively demanding process than responding honestly, we found that response times were on average 0.25 s slower and participants had less eye fixations in the fake good condition. However, in the fake good condition, participants had more fixations on the 2 extreme response options of the 5-point answering scale, and they fixated on these more directly after having read the question. These findings support the idea that faking leads to semantic rather than self-referenced item interpretations. Eye-tracking was demonstrated to be potentially useful in detecting faking behavior, improving detecting rates over and beyond response extremity and latency metrics.

[Development of a short form of the Japanese big-five scale, and a test of its reliability and validity].

Abstract: Personality scales based on the five-factor model, especially the big-five scale of personality trait adjectives (Wada, 1996), are commonly used in Japan. In this study a short form of the Big-Five Scale was constructed. To avoid changes in the capacity dimension caused by the decrease in the number of items, item selection was conducted after item response theory (IRT) scales were constructed for all the items. In study 1 data was collected from 2099 participants. A generalized partial credit model was applied to the IRT model, and items were selected using the slope and location parameters for each item. Cronbach's alpha showed that the short form, as well as the five sub-scales, had sufficient reliability as a personality test. In study 2, we determined correlations with the NEO-FFI and tested the concurrent validity of the short form. The results indicate that the short form of big-five scale demonstrates sufficient reliability and validity despite the reduced number of items.

Individual Differences and the Susceptibility to the Influence of Anchoring Cues

Abstract: This study looks at individual difference (personality and intelligence) correlates of proneness to anchoring bias In all, 172 participants completed four anchoring tasks, and in each case there was a significant effect of the high/low anchor They also completed the NEO-FFI personality test (measuring Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) as well as two intelligence tests Only Extroversion was found to be related to individual judgments - and only for one of the tasks The results are discussed with respect to the literature on individual differences and anchoring bias

Faking good : self-enhancement in medical school applicants

Abstract: Medical Education 2012: 46: 485–490 Objectives The problem of dissimulation by applicants when self-report tests of personality are used for job selection has received considerable attention in non-medical contexts Personality testing is not yet widely used in medical student selection, but this may change in the light of recent research demonstrating significant relationships between personality and performance in medical school This study therefore aimed to assess the extent of self-enhancement in a sample of medical school applicants Methods A within-subjects design compared personality test scores collected in 2007 for 83 newly enrolled medical students with scores for the same students obtained on the same personality test administered during the selection process 4 months previously Five factors of personality were measured using the International Personality Item Pool and mean differences in scores were assessed using paired t-tests Results At the time of selection, the personality scores of successful applicants were similar to those of candidates who were not accepted (n = 271) Once selected, the medical students achieved significantly lower scores on four of the five personality factors (conscientiousness, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness) and higher scores on the fifth factor (neuroticism) Of the selected students, 627% appeared to have ‘faked good’ on at least one of the five factors measured Conclusions Applicants to medical school are likely to dissimulate when completing self-report tests of personality used for selection The authors review the evidence as to whether such dissimulation reduces construct and predictive validity and summarise methods used to reduce self-enhancement in applicant samples

Measuring social and emotional intelligence competencies in the Indian context

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the cross‐cultural reliability and validity of the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI‐2) in a cross‐cultural context.Design/methodology/approach – Using a competency‐based approach to social and emotional intelligence (EI), the paper presents data on Indian managers from the manufacturing and service industries collected using self‐report and multi‐rater assessments. Factor analysis explored the latent structure of social and emotional intelligence competencies on the Indian sample. Divergent validity was assessed using a Stress Personality test. Internal reliability of the ECI‐2 was also determined for a sample of 400 Indian managers.Findings – A two‐factor structure has emerged in the cross‐cultural context similar to the latent structure of the construct explored by the test developers of the ECI‐2. However, six items did not have significant loading. ECI‐2 has been found to have statistically significant reliability coefficient and divergent validit...

The 5-Dimensional Personality Test (5DPT): Relationships With Two Lexically Based Instruments and the Validation of the Absorption Scale

Abstract: Although intended to assess vulnerability factors associated with psychopathology, the 5-Dimensional Personality Test (5DPT) shows at least a superficial similarity to instruments that adhere to the lexical tradition in personality psychology. To investigate to which extent this similarity goes, this article compares the 5DPT with 2 lexically based measures, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and the HEXACO-Personality Inventory-Revised. Moreover, as the NEO Openness to Experience construct demonstrates little relationship with maladaptive personality, whereas the 5DPT Absorption factor was hypothesized to underlie the emergence of positive schizotypic symptoms and related phenomena, the 5DPT was also correlated with the Schizotypic Syndrome Questionnaire (SSQ), the Creative Experiences Questionnaire, Thalbourne's Transliminality Scale, the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale, and the OLIFE-Unusual Experiences scale. On examining the correlations between the various instruments, it was ascertained (a) that there is no need to extend the theory-informed 5DPT with a 6th dimension similar to the HEXACO factor Honesty-Humility, (b) that the 5DPT dimensions were found on average to share only a moderate amount of variance with the Five-factor model/Big Five factors, and (c) that the 5DPT Absorption scale turned out as anticipated to correlate with the positive symptom scales of the SSQ, as well as with the remaining criterion scales that measure similar constructs.

What is in Applicants' Minds When They Fill Out a Personality Test? Insights from a qualitative study

Abstract: Many practitioners fear that applicants will fake if they are asked to fill out a personality test. Although this fear has inspired much research, it remains unknown what applicants think when they fill out a questionnaire. Thus, we conducted a qualitative interview study that was guided by grounded theory principles. We interviewed (a) real applicants directly after filling out a personality test; (b) real applicants who had filled out a personality test in their past job hunt; (c) hypothetical job applicants whom we asked to imagine being an applicant and to fill out a personality test; and (d) hypothetical applicants who had much experience with personality tests. Theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 23 people. A content analysis showed that much is going on in applicants' minds – that which is typically subsumed under the expression ‘faking’ actually consists of many facets. In particular, participants assumed that the interpretation of their responses could be based on (a) the consistency of their responses; (b) the endorsement of middle versus extreme answers; and (c) a certain profile, and these assumptions resulted in corresponding self-presentation strategies. However, these strategies were not used by all participants. Some answered honestly, for different reasons ranging from honesty as a personality trait to the (false) belief that test administrators can catch fakers. All in all, this study questions whether measuring mean changes in classical faking studies captures all important facets.

Lay understandings of defence mechanisms: The role of personality traits and gender

Abstract: This study looks at lay people's knowledge and use of the defence mechanisms. It focused on 21 of the better known "Freudian" defence mechanisms. A total of 208 participants (73 males and 135 females) completed a questionnaire regarding their knowledge and reported personal use of 21 defence mechanisms and a short personality test. Participants were required to state (1) whether they had heard of each mechanism, (2) how common they believed it to be and (3) whether they themselves used each of them. The defences were categorised into four levels: Pathological, immature, neurotic and mature. Two personality traits (Openness and Neuroticism) positively correlated with two of the levels but few gender or age correlations were identified. Regression analysis showed that Neuroticism predicted the three less mature defence levels; Gender was a contributing predictor of a pathological defence style and Openness and religiosity combined with Neuroticism predicted an immature defence style. Participants admitted using the more socially acceptable (mature) defences (i.e. humour, intellectualisation) than the less acceptable (pathological) defences (i.e. distortion, hypochondriasis). Implications for psychotherapy are discussed and the limitations of the study considered.

Effects of Targeted Self-Coaching on Applicant Distortion of Personality Measures

Abstract: The present study evaluated the impact of reading self-coaching book excerpts on success at faking a personality test. Participants (N = 207) completed an initial honest personality assessment and a subsequent assessment with faking instructions under one of the following self-coaching conditions: no coaching, chapters from a commercial book on how to fake preemployment personality scales, and personality coaching plus a chapter on avoiding lie-detection scales. Results showed that those receiving coaching materials had greater success in raising their personality scores, primarily on the traits that had been targeted in the chapters. In addition, those who read the chapter on avoiding lie-detection scales scored significantly lower on a popular impression management scale while simultaneously increasing their personality scores. Implications for the use of personality tests in personnel selection are discussed.

Características de personalidade e qualidade de vida de gestores no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract: Technology development and globalization caused worldwide changes in companies, requiring a new profile of organizational leaders. In this context, personality has become a decisive factor in obtaining professional success. Quality of life (QOL) is a broad research topic in management studies. By employing the Big Five Factors model, this explanatory research sought to investigate which personality characteristics of managers influence their quality of life. The sample consisted of 100 managers, with 77% men and 23% women, from 27 companies in Brazil's Rio Grande do Sul state. The study applied a Factorial Personality Test Battery, the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life test (WHOQOL-BREF), and a socio demographic questionnaire. Main results indicated that there is a negative correlation between QOL and Neuroticism and positive associations between QOL and Extroversion, indicating that being more communicative, active, and gregarious and having less emotional instability are characteristics that positively affect managers' health. Furthermore, Neuroticism showed to be a predictor of QOL, demonstrating that better adjusted and more emotionally stable managers have greater wellbeing. These results may help the planning of future interventions aimed at promoting these individuals' health.

Invited commentary: applying psychodynamic developmental assessment to explore mental functioning in adolescents.

Abstract: Recent publications in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence present a variety of topics exploring adolescents’ mental functioning in the twenty first century. Conceptually, many of the articles address the intriguing, though rarely explicit, question of developmental continuities and change from adolescence to adulthood. Such investigations, which are particularly prominent in articles that discuss personality dispositions such as impulsivity or lack of empathy and their relationship to emotionally disturbed or maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, examine interactional effects of these dispositions within the personality-context matrix. From a methodological perspective, however, the major tools used for assessing personality dispositions are self-report inventories while performance-based methods, previously defined as projective tests, are not used at all despite the wide range of empirical studies that provide support for their psychometric properties. This commentary suggests that applying a theoretically based, multi-method assessment procedure in empirical research would be most fruitful for any study aimed at exploring mental functioning in adolescents. As an example, I would use the Rorschach Inkblot Method, currently being internationally considered as the most frequently applied personality test for assessing adolescents. Implications for research, practice and policy decision-making are discussed.

Personality Variables as Predictors of Leadership Role Performance Effectiveness of Administrators of Public Secondary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria

Abstract: The study sought to find out the predictive effect of self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem and locus of control on the instructional and motivational leadership roles performance effectiveness of administrators of public secondary schools in Cross River State of Nigeria. The relative contribution of each of the independent variables to the prediction was also investigated. The survey design was adopted for the study. The study sample consisted of 400 school administrators. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Two sets of instruments namely, Personality Factor Questionnaire (PFQ) and Administrator Leadership Roles Performance Questionnaire (ALRPQ) with reliability indices of 0.75 and 0.72 respectively, were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study revealed that self-efficacy, locus of control and self-concept contributed significantly to the prediction of administrators’ effectiveness in instructional leadership role performance while self-esteem did not. Also, self-concept, self-efficacy, and self-esteem relatively made significant contributions to the prediction of administrators’ effectiveness in motivational leadership role performance while locus of control did not. Based on these findings, it was recommended among other things that personality test should be used as a tool for appointment of school administrators.

The correlation between students’ extraversion personality and their writing skill at muhammadiyah university of makassar (a descriptive study)

Abstract: The Research Question is “Is there any C o rrelation between Students’ Extraversion Personality and their writing skill of the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar? “The Researcher used Descriptive Study; the aims of the thus research are to find out the correlation between students’ Extraversion Personality and their writing skill. The result of the students’ writing test had increased in scores. The mean score of students writing skill is 32, 72 and mean score of personality test is 59, 41. The successful of minimal criteria (KKM) was 70 there were students got very good in writing skill and Personality test students’ got balance. Keywords: Correlation, Students’ extraversion, Personality, Writing Skill

Cross‐sample and cross‐language invariance of the Five‐Dimensional Personality Test (5DPT): exploratory and confirmatory analyses using Dutch, American and Italian samples

Abstract: Demonstrating factor invariance across population characteristics is an important issue in personality assessment, particularly if considered from a semi-idiographic point of view. Using two Dutch samples of general population subjects, we conducted both exploratory and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses to investigate whether the clinically relevant and theory-informed Five-Dimensional Personality Test (5DPT) dimensions—Insensitivity, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Orderliness and Absorption—remain stable across subsamples that differ in terms of sex, age, educational level or the subjects' position on each of the 5DPT dimensions themselves. Using samples of American and Italian respondents, we performed similar analyses, testing the cross-language invariance of the 5DPT factors. To prevent workspace problems, the confirmatory analyses were executed on item parcels instead of individual items. The inter-factor correlations in these analyses were allowed to deviate from zero. Whether calculating the Tucker coefficients of factor similarity (exploratory analyses) or evaluating model fit by the cut-off criteria recommended by Hu and Bentler (confirmatory analyses), the results attested the invariance of the 5DPT factors, both across the eight sample parameters and across language. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzlarının Yordayıcısı Olarak Beş Faktör Kişilik Özelliği

Abstract: The purpose of present research study is to determine if five factor personality traits significantly predict trait anger and anger expression styles. A total number of 580 students (313 girls and 267 boys) participated in the study. Adjective Based Personality Test and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scales were employed for the study. According to the findings of the study, it was seen that five factor personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness and conscientiousness) as a whole, significantly predict trait anger and anger expression styles (anger-in, anger-out and anger control).

System and method for career counseling

Abstract: PURPOSE: A career counseling system and a method thereof are provided to search the best career for a counselee by a personality test and offer the optimal career counseling to the counselee. CONSTITUTION: An I/O unit(110) provides a psychological test to a subscriber terminal(200) by network. The I/O unit receives member information and psychological test result from the subscriber terminal. A database(130) stores the member information and required actions. The type of psychological is analyzed by analyzing the psychological test result. A matched career is selected based on the psychological test result and the member information.

Investigate the Role of Impulsivity in Decisions Making During Gambling Task: Case Study

Abstract: The aim of the current study is to understand impulsivity, reward and loss sensitivity in decision making using Iowa Gambling Task and investigate how impulsivity affects decision- making using BIS/BAS scale. We investigate how the personality trait determines decision making using NEO-FFI scale. Method: We assessed 130 participants for conducting two types of experiment (1) Choice Behavior Test is conducted with the help of Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) on the computer screen.(2) Personality Test is conducted with the help of Behavior Inhibition system and Behavior Approach System (BIS/BAS), NEO-F FI( NEO-Five Factor Inventory) scale and Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI).Results: The result indicated that participants who were low on impulsivity fared worst on IGT task compared to the participants who were high on impulsivity. Similar results were demonstrated for personality traits and information processing styles. The results imply that personality traits determine decision-making process. Similarly, information processing styles evaluate preferences for information processing that determine the decisions making and Impulsivity affects decision making.

Typology of Ideal Personality: Applicant Perspective In Job Selection Setting

Abstract: Previously studies suggest that job applicant fake response on a personality test based on their stereotype of ideal employee. This study explored typology of personality that relied on applicants’ stereotype. Experimental participant (N=200) completed three factors of BFI-44 (extroversion, conscientiousness, openness) under two different instruction. An honest fashion (honest condition) and under instructions to a response as if applying for a job (applicant condition). In both conditions, latent class analysis yields three classes for each personality factors with different type of personality. Typologies of personalities that rest on a stereotype of an applicant were different from existing typology. Keywords: Faking Response, Type of Personality, Stereotype, Job Applicant

Trk GeÁ Ergenle rde Be_ Faktr Ki_ilik Boyutlar1n1 n Ergenlerin Benlik Sayg1lar1yla Yordanmas1 Prediction of Five Factor Personality Dimensions Through Self- Esteem in Turkish Late Adolescents

Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between five factor personality dimensions and self -esteem in terms of how self -esteem predicts five factor personality dimensions. The study group consi sted of a total of 122 students 98 of whom were females (80%) and 24 males (19.7 %). Personality Test Based on Adjectives(Bacanl�1, �0lhaAslan,2009) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965; «uhadaro��lu, 1986) were used asdata collection instruments in this study. The data gathered from the study were analyzed through Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings of this study revealed that there is a positive correlation between selfesteem and extroversion, openness to exp erience and conscientiousness dimensions of Personality Test Based on Adjectives basing on Five Factor Model. The findings of this study were compared with the relevant literature and thus discussions and suggestions were made in parallel with the findings.

Gender differences in Hispanic children evaluated with the TEMAS and BASC tests

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in adaptive vs. maladaptive social problem skills as assessed by the TEMAS (Tell-Me-A-Story) personality/narrative test. Samples included Hispanic girls and boys between the ages of 9-11, attending public schools in Puerto Rico or in New York. Results on the TEMAS were compared to another personality test, the Behavior Assessment System for Children - Self Report of Personality (BASC-SRP). Comparisons used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in order to determine significant gender differences between the sites of PR and NY. For students sampled in Puerto Rico results showed significant

Evaluasi kualitas tes psikologi kepribadian i

Abstract: This study aims to determine how well the items of the exam in the personality psychology test. In this study, the statistical methods were used to identify the item difficulty, which is a measure of the proportion of examinees who responded to an item correctly, and the item discrimination, which is a measure of how well the item discriminates between examinees. An additional analysis that is the distractor analysis. The distractor analysis provides a measure of how well each of the incorrect options contributes to the quality of a multiple choice item. By using The Iteman Program showed that the 60 analyzed items were well enough and can be used. A total of 46 items has an Easy and Medium of The item difficulty index. In addition there are about 44 items with good and very good of the item discrimination index and about 57 points aitem already possess the characteristics of a good. The reliability coefficient alpha of this personality test is 0.898, so it is considered to have good reliability.

Prediction of Five Factor Personality Dimensions Through Self- Esteem in Turkish Late Adolescents

Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between five factor personality dimensions and self-esteem in terms of how self-esteem predicts five factor personality dimensions. The study group consisted of a total of 122 students 98 of whom were females (80%) and 24 males (19.7 %). Personality Test Based on Adjectives (Bacanli, Ilhan ve Aslan, 2009) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965; Cuhadaroglu, 1986) were used as data collection instruments in this study. The data gathered from the study were analyzed through Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings of this study revealed that there is a positive correlation between self-esteem and extroversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness dimensions of Personality Test Based on Adjectives basing on Five Factor Model. The findings of this study were compared with the relevant literature and thus discussions and suggestions were made in parallel with the findings.