Showing papers on "Potassium nitrate published in 2014"

Potassium Nitrate Priming Affects the Activity of Nitrate Reductase and Antioxidant Enzymes in Tomato Germination

Abstract: Priming has been used to improve the performance of germination at the field, and potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) is a promising compound for this purpose. The nitrate (NO 3 ) could be absorbed, being used in the metabolism of the embryo, through the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR). Besides, the priming could also activate the response of the antioxidant system, becoming the primed seeds more prepared for possible stresses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effect of nitrate in tomato seed germination by the quantification of NR activity, and also evaluate the activity of some antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Tomato seeds were primed using solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) -1,1MPa, 50 mM KNO 3 and PEG+KNO 3 . The variables analyzed were germination (germinability, mean germination time, mean germination rate, coefficient of variation of the germination time, uncertainty and synchrony) nitrogen, total proteins and enzymes. The germination data were analyzed using an ANOVA, comparing the averages by Scott-Knott test (P < 0.05). To analyze the nitrogen, protein and enzymatic activities, we used a Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05). The results show an increase in the NR activity, as well as in the antioxidant enzymes. The germination time ( t ) and germination rate ( v ) primed in KNO 3 had a better performance compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the observed benefits in tomato seeds primed with KNO 3 were related to the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase in the production of nitrite/nitric oxide, which acted promoting a faster germination.

Plant nutrient solution

Abstract: The invention provides a plant nutrient solution which consists of the following components: potassium nitrate, urea, ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferric citrate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, sodium iodide, folic acid, asparagine and deionized water. According to the invention, the plant nutrient solution is comprehensive in nutrition, has no poisonous substance, cannot pollute the environment after being used, cannot cause harm to human body, and is free from undesirable odor. Through the adoption of the plant nutrient solution to cultivate foliage plants such as monstera deliciosa and rohdea japonica without soil, the leaf color is dark green, the growth is vigorous, death is hard, and compared with the conventional plant nutrient solution in the market, the growth rate is increased by 20%.

Nitrate enhances N2O emission more than ammonium in a highly acidic soil

Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is produced naturally in soils through microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification. In recent years, the long-term application of nitrogen-heavy fertilizers has led to the acidification of tea orchard soils with high N2O emission. The present research aimed at finding out which process (nitrification or denitrification) dominates in N2O production, whether certain fertilizer managements could reduce N2O emission, and the effects of fertilizer management on the abundance of functional genes. Two nitrification inhibitors, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD), combined with different N fertilizers (ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate) were applied to highly acidic tea orchard soil in an aerobic incubation experiment. Both amoA and nosZ gene abundances from different treatments were determined by quantitative PCR. An anaerobic nitrate effect test was carried out using C2H2 inhibition method. The application of nitrate fertilizers significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced total N2O emission. A linear regression analysis between total N2O emission and average nitrate contents indicated that denitrification is the dominant source of N2O in this tea orchard soil. In the anaerobic incubation, no significant difference of N2O emission was observed between KNO3 and no KNO3 treatments before 96 h. Quantitative PCR revealed lower copy numbers of nosZ in nitrate-associated fertilizer-treated soils than the soils from other treatments. Compared with the control, ammonium fertilizers with DCD or DMPP significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited nitrate production as well as N2O. These results showed that denitrification is the dominant source of N2O in this highly acidic soil. Nitrate addition could significantly inhibit the abundance of nitrous oxide reductase, therefore causing high N2O emission. The application of ammonium fertilizers with DCD or DMPP could significantly reduce N2O emission, possibly due to the effective inhibition of nitrate production.

Ignition Temperature of Magnesium Powder and Pyrotechnic Composition

Abstract: Using potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and potassium perchlorate as the oxidizing agents, the ignition and combustion behaviors of magnesium powders with different specific surface area were studied. The ignition temperature (Te) was extrapolated using a differential thermal analyzer, and the pyrotechnic spontaneous reaction temperature (Ts) was inferred from the temperature curve by inflection point analysis. The results showed that Ts has much better reproducibility than the extrapolated Te in characterizing the ignition of the pyrotechnic formulations. Increasing the specific surface area of the magnesium powder resulted in decreased Ts of the pyrotechnics.

Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Potassium Nitrate Spray on Vegetative Growth and Reproductive Characteristics of Tomato

Abstract: A study was carried out to investigate the effect of 2 levels of gibberellic acid (10 -4 and 10 -8 ) and 2 levels of potassium nitrate (6 and 8 mM) spray on the growth, leaf-NPK content, yield and quality parameters of tomato. The application of gibberellic acid and potassium alone or in combination increased plant height, number of branches, number flowers per cluster, number fruits per cluster and faster fruit growth in addition to increasing fruit number, fruit firmness, weight and yield. The chlorophyll content, leaf- NPK content, blossom end rot and nitrate reductase activity were not affected by application of GA3 alone or in combination, but K application alone significant decreased blossom end rot while increasing leaf-NPK content, chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity. With regard to fruit quality, the application of GA3 at 10 -8 mM, 8 mM potassium nitrate and 10 -8 mM GA3+ 8 mM potassium nitrate increased fruit lycopene content, total soluble solids, vitamin C and titratable acidity compared with the control treatment. From this study, it can be concluded that spraying with gibberellic acid and potassium alone or in combination increased vegetative growth and reproductive characteristics of tomato.

Production of pure potassium salts directly from sea bittern employing tartaric acid as a benign and recyclable K+ precipitant

Abstract: The shortage of land and vulnerability to climate change expose the future production of potash from sea bittern through an evaporite route to greater risks. Potash recovery through selective extraction from bittern is an attractive alternative. Unfortunately, previous attempts in this direction have suffered from one drawback or another. The present study reports a viable scheme employing tartaric acid as a benign and recyclable K+ precipitant. The key steps in the scheme were (i) selective precipitation of potassium bitartrate in 81.2% yield with respect to magnesium tartrate used, (ii) decomposition of the bitartrate salt into potassium nitrate with regeneration of magnesium tartrate, and (iii) recovery of residual tartaric acid from K+-depleted bittern as calcium tartrate, from which tartaric acid was regenerated and reused. The process was made further viable through co-production of Epsom salt (0.30 t/t of KNO3) and ammonium sulphate (1.47 t/t of KNO3). Spent bittern, containing <50 ppm of tartaric acid, was the only effluent. The overall energy requirement for a 1 TPD KNO3 plant was estimated to be ca. 38.31 GJ per t of KNO3 production, along with the associated products, comparing reasonably with the computed figure of 34.80 GJ based on available data from a standard database. A simplified version of the above scheme yields a K–N–S compound fertilizer currently under evaluation.

Organic-inorganic microbiological water-soluble fertilizer specially used for grape and preparation method thereof

Abstract: An organic-inorganic microbiological water-soluble fertilizer specially used for grape is prepared from following raw materials: potassium fulvate, potassium nitrate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, polyaspartic acid, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, borax, a microbiological preparation, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate and EDTA. A preparation method of the fertilizer includes following steps: mixing powdery potassium fulvate, the powdery microbiological preparation and powdery polyaspartic acid uniformly to obtain a mixed material; processing the mixed material at constant temperature to obtain a material A; respectively crushing the urea, the potassium nitrate, the potassium sulfate and the monoammonium phosphate with mixing uniformly to obtain a material B; crushing the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate, the ferrous sulfate, the borax, the copper sulfate and the EDTA with mixing uniformly to obtain a material C; mixing uniformly the material A, the material B and the material C to obtain a product. The fertilizer is complete in nutrition, is reasonable in formula, allows crops to absorb easily, has a significant yield-increasing effect, contains organic substances, inorganic substances, bacteria and medium-and-trace elements, is environmental-protective and is free of pollution, and can protect ecological environment and improve farmland soil.

Removal of nitrate and COD from wastewater using denitrification process: kinetic, optimization, and statistical studies

Abstract: Denitrification process studies were carried out for removal of N–NO3 − and organic carbon from waste water. Recent researches have shown the efficacy of N–NO3 − removal process from synthetic waste water; however, they are lacking the data related to kinetics and optimization that may aid in developing guidance for field-scale implementation. Various incubation parameters were varied such as nitrate and carbon source keeping biomass concentration invariable. For nitrate variation two different nitrates were used such as potassium nitrate (KNO3) and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] and for organic source glucose (C6H12O6) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa). The denitrifying bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil. The dentrification rates increased with the increase of nitrate as well as organic source. The denitrification rates were faster in case of CH3COONa compared to C6H12O6. The regeneration time was also calculated which varied 1–3 days. Analysis of variance studies indicated that both nitrate and organic concentrations played significant role in terms of dentrification as well as emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) rates. Principal components analysis studies were also carried out. Optimization studies were carried out using response surface model to evaluate the incubation parameters to minimize the N2O emission and at the same time maximize the removal efficiency of N–NO3 − and COD.

Effect of Oxidizer on the Combustion Performance of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant

Abstract: Different boron-based fuel-rich propellants were prepared by replacing part of ammonium perchlorate with different content of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, potassium nitrate, and potassium perchlorate. The burning rate of the propellants under different pressures was measured in the strand burner, the combustion temperature of the propellants under 1 MPa was measured by microthermocouple, and differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis experiments of the propellants in argon atmosphere were carried out. The experimental results show that the effect of each oxidizer on the burning rate of the propellant is different; cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine could increase the combustion temperature and the gaseous products, whereas potassium nitrate, and potassium perchlorate have the opposite effect. The composition of the combustion products under different pressures was calculated based on the minimization of Gibbs free-ener...

Total-nutrient water-soluble humic-acid-containing fertilizer produced by tower-type melt granulation and production method of total-nutrient water-soluble humic-acid-containing fertilizer

Abstract: The invention discloses a total-nutrient water-soluble humic-acid-containing fertilizer produced by tower-type melt granulation and a production method of the total-nutrient water-soluble humic-acid-containing fertilizer. The total-nutrient water-soluble humic-acid-containing fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: ammonium phosphor nitrate, potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium humate, potassium fulvate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, boric acid, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) chelate zinc, EDTA chelate iron, EDTA chelate manganese and ammonium heptamolybdate. The total-nutrient water-soluble humic-acid-containing fertilizer has the beneficial effects of being balanced and compressive in nutrient, stable and easy to absorb, unlikely to harden, good in water solubility, high in utilization rate and capable of improving the soil and improving the crop yield and the crop quality.

Nutrient solution for soilless culture of orchid

Abstract: The invention discloses a nutrient solution for soilless culture of orchid. The nutrient solution is characterized by comprising the following components: 150-400mg/L potassium nitrate, 150-850mg/L calcium nitrate, 100-300mg/L ammonium phosphate, 500-850mg/L magnesium sulfate, 100-350mg/L iron chloride, 50-150mg/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-25mg/L EDTA sodium iron salt, 3-5mg/L potassium iodide, 1-3.5mg/L boric acid, 1-7mg/L manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.7mg/L zinc sulfate, 0.5-3.4mg/L copper sulfate and 0.1-0.35mg/L sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate.

Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Effect of Halides and Potassium Addition on Activity and Selectivity of Cobalt

Abstract: The effect of halides and potassium addition on cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was studied using 1L CSTR at 493 K, 1.99 MPa and H2/CO of 2.0. The potential catalyst poison was co-fed with syngas after reaching steady-state FTS. Halides were added in an aqueous solution of HX (HF, HCl, HBr) and potassium as aqueous potassium nitrate solution along with syngas at various concentration levels ranging from 500 ppbv to 100 ppmv. Fluoride addition did not affect FT performance of cobalt up to 1.0 ppmv level. However, the presence of other halides (Cl− and Br−) decreased the FT activity proportionally. Addition of potassium decreased cobalt FT activity considerably and increases syngas conversion to methane and CO2 at higher potassium concentrations. The observed poisoning effects for metallic cobalt could be attributed to a blocking effect of cobalt metal sites by halides and potassium in agreement with results of H2 chemisorption on used cobalt FT catalysts.

Bracket-plant aquaculture nutrient solution

Abstract: The invention relates to a bracket-plant aquaculture nutrient solution, belongs to the field of mixed fertilizer application, and solves the problems that the conventional plant nutrient solution is easy to result in plant root rotting and stinking, and is needed to be frequently replaced. The solution adopts deionized water as a solvent, and is prepared through adopting the following components according to the following proportion: 378 to 400 mg/L of calcium nitrate, 42 to 50 mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 35 to 45 mg/L of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 285 to 295 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 110 to 130 mg/L of fulvic acid potassium, 50 to 70 mg/L of biological enzyme, 0.15 to 0.20 mg/L of magnesium sulphate, 0.04 to 0.08 mg/L of cupric sulfate, 0.05 to 0.08 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 1.2 to 1.5 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 3 to 5 mg/L of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt, 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L of boracic acid, and 0.15 to 0.30 mg/L of sodium molybdate. The solution provided by the invention is suitable for the aquaculture of various bracket-plants.

Ternary nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and storage medium, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract: Belonging to the technical field of heat storage and transfer, the invention provides a ternary nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and storage medium, a preparation method and application thereof. The ternary nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and storage medium contains a ternary nitric acid molten salt system formed by potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite. The ternary nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and storage medium is characterized in that it also includes metal oxide nanoparticles and/or non-metal oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are dispersed into the ternary nitric acid molten salt system to undergo compounding so as to form the ternary nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and storage medium. The ternary nitric acid nano-molten salt involved in the invention has a low melting point, an upper limit use temperature up to 600DEG C, good thermal stability, and high heat conductivity, thus being very suitable for the heat storage and transfer system of industrial energy storage and solar-thermal power generation.

Special liquid soil conditioner for improving saline land, increasing yield, controlling pests and reducing residues and preparation method of special liquid soil conditioner

Abstract: The invention discloses a special liquid soil conditioner for improving saline land, increasing yield, controlling pests and reducing residues. The special liquid soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 6.5-16.5% of microbial flora, 2-6% of humic acid, 3-5% of urea, 2-4% of ammonium nitrate, 1-3% of ammonium sulfate, 2-3% of phosphoric acid, 1-2% of monoammonium phosphate, 1-2% of diammonium phosphate, 2-3% of calcium superphosphate, 1-2% of potassium sulfate, 1-3% of potassium nitrate, 2-3% of magnesium-potassium sulfate, 1-2% of amino acid, 1-2% of boric acid, 0.4-1.0% of insecticide, 9.1-17% of separant, 0.5-1.5% of plant growth regulator and the balance of water. All the raw materials are uniformly mixed and dissolved to obtain the special liquid soil conditioner. By using the conditioner, the nitrogen content of soil is increased by 20-100%, the yield increasing rate is up to 30-60% on the year-on-year basis, the fatality rate of pests is up to 90-100%, and the residue reducing rate is up to 20-40 on the year-on-year basis.

Environmentally and Economically Feasibility Manufacturing Process of Potassium Nitrate for Small Scale Industries: A Review

Abstract: Potassium Nitrate (PN) is of the basic need of chemical industry. With increase of demand in different production section of fertilizer, pharmaceutical, explosive, food industry etc, potassium nitrate the production becoming non economical to industry. The operating conditions and parameters are the main factors, which responsible for maximised the profits. The main aim of this study is to compared the production potassium nitrate in profitable as well as environmentally suitability way. From the literature different manufacturing process has been summarized for concluding this study.

Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of crystal structure transformation in spray-dried particles consisting of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and a polymer

Abstract: Ammonium nitrate (AN) is an affordable oxidant; however, it undergoes crystal structure transformations accompanied by a change in volume at comparatively low temperatures (approx. 30, 80, and 125 °C) and exhibits high hygroscopicity. Both these properties are particularly problematic for the industrial application of AN. In a previous study, we prepared spray-dried particles comprising three components: AN, potassium nitrate (PN) as a phase stabilizer, and a polymer (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose salt, and styrene-butadiene latex), which was confirmed to provide effective moisture proofing. In the present study, the crystal transformation behavior of AN/PN/Polymer particles is investigated by observing their thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimetry. The results reveal that phase-stabilized AN can be successfully prepared by the addition of PN. In addition, an intriguing possibility was identified in that carboxymethylcellulose ammonium salt and polyvinyl alcohol, which were both added as polymer components for moisture proofing, also acted as phase stabilizers for AN crystal transformation.

Multielement nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and heat storage medium, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a multielement nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and heat storage medium, a preparation method and application thereof. The multielement nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and heat storage medium provided by the invention is characterized in that: it is formed by compounding of a multielement nitric acid molten salt system and nanoparticles; the multielement nitric acid molten salt system is mainly composed of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and cesium nitrate; and the nanoparticles are nanoparticles of metal or non-metal oxides. The multielement nitric acid nano-molten salt heat transfer and heat storage medium prepared by the invention has the heat transfer performance of nitric acid molten salts, also enhances the safe working temperature upper limit to 600DEG C, has a wider use temperature range and good thermal stability. The molten salt heat transfer and heat storage medium prepared by the invention has good heat absorption and heat storage capacity, obviously enhanced coefficients of heat conductivity, as well as greatly increased thermal conductivity, thus being widely applicable in the technical field of solar thermal power generation.

Combined nutrient solution for nursery stocks and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a combined nutrient solution for nursery stocks and a preparation method thereof. The nutrient solution comprises a seedling nutrient solution and a transplantation nutrient solution. The seedling nutrition solution is prepared from the following raw materials: potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate, indole, potassium butyrate and water; and the transplantation nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials: potassium nitrate, urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulphate, boric acid, copper sulphate, composite vitamins and water. The seedling nutrient solution is obtained through the following method: respectively fully dissolving the raw materials with a little amount of water, stirring for mixing, setting a constant volume, and adjusting pH to 6-7; and the transplantation nutrient solution is obtained through the following method: respectively fully dissolving the raw materials with a little amount of water, stirring for mixing, setting a constant volume, and adjusting pH to 7-8.

Preparation method of aqueous single-layer graphene solution

Abstract: The invention discloses a preparation method of an aqueous single-layer graphene solution According to the method, natural graphite, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate are mixed and processed to obtain a graphite oxide solution, and after the graphite oxide solution is prepared into an aqueous single-layer graphene oxide solution, a reducing agent is added for a reaction, and the aqueous single-layer graphene solution is obtained According to the method, the aqueous single-layer graphene solution with high single layer rate, strong compositing feature and uniform dispersion is prepared finally after multiple times of ultrasonic stripping

Soilless culture nutrient solution

Abstract: The invention discloses a soilless culture nutrient solution. The soilless culture nutrient solution is prepared from the following raw materials: potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium superphosphate, urea, borax, iron ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ammonium molybdate, water and citric acid. The soilless culture nutrient solution has the beneficial effects that the soilless culture nutrient solution is reasonable in ingredient collocation, simple in blending, wide in range of application and sufficient in nutrition and can be used for increasing the yield of crops very well.

Tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de Brachiaria

Abstract: We evaluated the effect of chemical scarification with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and periods of pre-soaking (PPe) in a solution of potassium nitrate (KNO 3 )...

Soilless tomato culture nutrient solution

Abstract: The invention provides a soilless tomato culture nutrient solution, comprising calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium ferric salt, ammonium nitrate, an EM probiotic liquid, potassium nitrate, potassium magnesium phosphate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid) chelated iron and the balance of water. According to the soilless tomato culture nutrient solution provided by the invention, the EM probiotic liquid is added to propagate strains necessary for probiotics so as to form a good microbial circulation system for the nutrient solution, the system can fully decompose organic matters generated in the nutrient solution in a planting process to transform the organic matters into substances to be absorbed by plants, and the potassium nitrate, potassium magnesium phosphate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and EDTA chelated iron provide such elements necessary for tomatoes as potassium, magnesium, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum, iron and the like so as to enable the tomatoes to achieve an optimal growth effect so as to increase the yield and improve the quality.

Green and antibacterial dual control slow release compound fertilizer

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of compound fertilizers, in particular to a green and antibacterial dual control slow release compound fertilizer. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials by weight part: 10-15 of 1250-2000 mesh diatomite, 10-12 of borax, 4-6 of ammonium molybdate, 18-20 of urea, 22-25 of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 20-25 of ammonium bicarbonate, 12-15 of potassium nitrate, 10-12 of plant ash, 3-5 of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb leaf, 16-18 of waste yeast slurry, 12-14 of livestock manure, 5-7 of soy sauce residue, 4-5 of yellow wine distilled grain, 10-12 of humus soil, 1-3 of Litsea cubeba oil, 6-8 of polyvinyl alcohol, 2-4 of puffed starch, 4-5 of acrylic acid, 0.1-0.2 of potassium permanganate, 2-4 of medical stone powder, 6-8 of polymeric ferric silicate sulfate, and 4-5 of an additive. The compound fertilizer provided by the invention has the characteristics of wide source and diversified nutrition. Technically, diatomite and a litsea cubeba oil containing slow release coating agent are employed to perform dual coating on the nutrients, the slow release effect is stable and lasting, the crop root growth environment is good, plant diseases and insect pests are difficult to occur, and the crop yield and quality are both enhanced. Thus, the fertilizer is an novel green slow release fertilizer with antibacterial and disease preventing efficacy.

Strawberry water culture nutrient solution

Abstract: The invention discloses a strawberry water culture nutrient solution which comprises a major element, a microelement and water, wherein the major element of the strawberry nutrient solution comprises carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium; the microelement comprises ferrum, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, lead and sodium; and the strawberry water culture nutrient solution contains ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, ferrisodium, monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium borate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, ammonium molybdate, lead acetate, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium zinc and calcium ammonium nitrate. The strawberry water culture nutrient solution is simple in nutrient composition, convenient to prepare and lower in preparation cost, and has certain popularization and practical values.

Analysis of nitrate reductase mRNA expression and nitrate reductase activity in response to nitrogen supply

Abstract: A B S T R A C T Nitrate is one of the major sources of nitrogen for the growth of plants. It is taken up by plant roots and transported to the leaves where it is reduce d to nitrite in the. The main objective of this research was to investigate stimulatory effects of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonia and urea on the production/generation of the nitrate reductase mRNA in Triticum aestivum plants. The plants were grown in standard nutrient solution for 21 days and then starved in a media without nitrate for seven days. Starved plants were stimulated with various concentrations of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonia and urea, and the expression of nitrate redu ctase mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. Our results indicated that starvation caused significant decrease in the production of nitrate reductase mRNA in the plant leaf. Sodium and potassium nitrate were capable of restoring the production of nitrate mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, since 50 mM of each produced the highest level of the mRNA. The stimulatory effect of potassium nitrate was higher than sodium nitrate, while ammonia and urea did not show such activity. At low concentrations, sodium nitrate an d potassium nitrate caused significant increase in the nitrate/nitrite mRNA production, whereas high concentrations of these salts suppressed the expression of this gene considerably.

High nitrogen supply affects the metabolism of Matricaria chamomilla leaves

Abstract: N-status of the two Matricaria chamomilla cultivars grown in the presence of high potassium nitrate concentration was evaluated and compared with ammonium nitrate supply. After 5 days of potassium nitrate treatment the visible increase of dry mass together with total chlorophyll accumulation were observed. In both cultivars, ammonium nitrate application led to increased accumulation of N-containing compounds in chamomile leaves. NH4NO3 nitrogen supply influenced activity of nitrate reductase positively. In vivo nitrate reductase activity reached maximum in lower nitrate supply and decreased in higher nitrate availability significantly. Among the most abundant leaf secondary metabolites, the high nitrate availability both KNO3 and NH4NO3 significantly increased umbelliferone level. The highest potassium nitrate dose (60 mmol per plant) caused an osmotic stress accompanied with lower tissue water content and turgor loss. In such condition the decrease in (Z)- and (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid, herniarin and dicycloethers, as well as PAL activity was observed. On the other hand, strong increase of umbelliferone is likely a stress response and is related to its antioxidant activity.