Showing papers on "Psychological intervention published in 1986"
TL;DR: It is hoped that this committee's recommendations will help establish reporting standards for articles dealing with lower extremity ischemia, and certain terms are defined and criteria offered for uniformly gauging the severity of disease, the findings of diagnostic studies, the types of therapeutic interventions, and the outcome of such treatments.
1,002 citations
Book•
01 Mar 1986
TL;DR: A textbook for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students in nursing, social work, and rehabilitation was published between 1986 and 1998; the latest edition adds chapters on home care, long-term care and the role of the advanced practice nurse as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A textbook for graduate and upper-level undergraduate students in nursing, social work, and rehabilitation. The previous editions appeared between 1986 and 1998; the latest adds chapters on home care, long-term care and the role of the advanced practice nurse. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland
287 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that local interventions or national policies designed to improve child nutritional status could have important educational as well as health benefits.
241 citations
228 citations
Book•
01 Aug 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive book to help caregivers understand and address the difficulties and complex issues associated with the loss of a child, including specific clinical interventions and support procedures that are appropriate for helping all bereaved parents.
Abstract: This comprehensive book will help caregivers understand and address the difficulties and complex issues associated with the loss of a child The contributing authors of the book's 37 chapters, some of whom are bereaved parents, offer comprehensive analyses of many types of parental bereavement The book identifies specific clinical interventions and support procedures that are appropriate for helping all bereaved parents
216 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that low intensity, brief interventions have much to recommend as the first approach to the problem drinker in the primary care setting.
Abstract: Summary
This paper reviews conceptual issues and research findings relevant to the secondary prevention of alcohol-related problems in the primary care setting. A discussion of public health concepts and recent epidemiological studies is followed by a review of screening procedures developed to identify individuals at risk. Representative programmes designed to reduce alcohol misuse and treat harmful drinking are summarized. The results of several systematic programme evaluations suggest that modest but reliable effects on drinking behaviour and related problems can follow from brief interventions, especially with the less serious type of problem drinker. The basic elements of these interventions include information giving, brief advice, self-help manuals, self-help groups and periodic monitoring of progress by the health worker. It is concluded that low intensity, brief interventions have much to recommend as the first approach to the problem drinker in the primary care setting.
207 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined a school-based delinquency prevention program that combined an environmental change approach with direct intervention for high-risk youths to reduce delinquent behavior and increase educational attainment.
Abstract: This report examines a school-based delinquency prevention program that combined an environmental change approach with direct intervention for high-risk youths to reduce delinquent behavior and increase educational attainment. The program involved school stafl students, and community members in planning and implementing a comprehensive school improvement effort; changed disciplinary procedures; and enhanced the school program with activities aimed at increasing achievement and creating a more positive school climate. It also provided services to marginal students designed to increase their self-concepts and success experiences and to strengthen their bonds to the school.
The program brought about a small but measurable reduction in delinquent behavior and misconduct. Students in participating schools were suspended less often, reported fewer punishing experiences in school, and reported less involvement in delinquent and drug-related activities. The environmental interventions apparently decreased delinquency and misconduct by promoting a sense of belonging in and attachment to the school and by improving the general climate and disciplinary practices in the schools. The direct interventions with high-risk students did not reduce delinquent behavior, but did increase commitment to education as indicated by rates of dropout, retention, graduation, and standardized achievement test scores. The evidence supports the conclusion that the program has promise for reducing delinquency and its risk factors for the general population and for improving educational outcomes for high-risk individuals. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
200 citations
TL;DR: Primary care physicians have not been very successful at diagnosing and treating substance abuse and mental disorders because of inadequate training, patients' attitudes, and the constraints of the health care system.
Abstract: Millions of Americans suffer and die of alcohol abuse, other drug abuse, and mental disorders that go undiagnosed and untreated. Studies showing that up to 19% of the US adult population have these disorders also have found that only one fifth of those affected have sought help for them in the previous six months. Many of these persons have disorders that are treatable with modern medications and therapy. Because more than half of all persons with these disorders obtain all of their care from the general medical sector, a great potential exists in primary care for prevention, detection, treatment, and referral of these patients. Primary care physicians, however, have not been very successful at diagnosing and treating substance abuse and mental disorders because of inadequate training, patients' attitudes, and the constraints of the health care system. Recommendations to improve this situation include continued research, improved physician education, and increased emphasis on care of these disorders by organized medicine. Although tobacco use is also a major health problem, data relating to nicotine addiction were not included in this report. ( JAMA 1986;255:2054-2057)
187 citations
TL;DR: The issue of rights to health care has generated considerable controversy in recent years and most discussions of such rights center on broad social issues (e.g., the access of certain socioeconomic ...
Abstract: The issue of rights to health care has generated considerable controversy in recent years.1 Most discussions of such rights center on broad social issues (e.g., the access of certain socioeconomic ...
184 citations
Book•
01 Aug 1986
TL;DR: In this second edition of their classic volume, the authors present their elder abuse diagnosis and intervention model, which enables the practitioner first to identify the type of elder mistreatment, including physical, sexual, psychological, and financial.
Abstract: In this second edition of their classic volume, the authors present their elder abuse diagnosis and intervention model. This comprehensive model of detection, assessment, and intervention enables the practitioner first to identify the type of elder mistreatment, including physical, sexual, psychological, and financial. It then provides systematic and realistic interventions. This updated edition also includes information on legal interventions with suggestions on how the practitioner should act in the courtroom, give testimony, document findings, and prepare for legal involvement with the criminal justice system. Actual legal tools are included in the appendix. This is a classic resource for all health professionals who work with the elderly.
169 citations
TL;DR: There is a growing number of family-oriented interventions which have been developed specifically as substance abuse prevention programs, or may be easily adapted for use by prevention specialists.
Abstract: Researchers and clinicians are begining to recognize the valuable resource that parents and families are for increasing the effectiveness of substance abuse prevention programs for youth and adolescents. To date, however, most prevention interventions have been developed for use in community or school-based programs. There is a growing number of family-oriented interventions which have been developed specifically as substance abuse prevention programs, or may be easily adapted for use by prevention specialists. This article will review these family-oriented interventions and discuss outcome effectiveness data when available.
TL;DR: The results of five recent smoking cessation studies from three separate research programs are summarized in this paper, where each study compared a basic cognitive-behavioral cessation program to the same program plus a component designed to enhance social support.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe four factors that have been linked to teachers' decisions to utilize and to continue utilizing an intervention: effectiveness, time and resources required, theoretical orientation of the intervention, and ecological intrusiveness.
TL;DR: It is suggested that increasing the availability and accessability of mental health treatment services will not promote superfluous utilization, and such efforts may not be sufficient to reduce unmet need formental health treatment among men with psychiatric disorders.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between attitudes and use of mental health related services using data collected from 4838 respondents in the first wave of the Yale Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) project. Respondents were asked about their propensity to use mental health services, their perceptions of barriers to using services, and the potential reactions of family members to their receiving mental health treatment. Each of these measures was related to use of mental health services — but only among women meeting DIS-DSM III criteria for a recent psychiatric disorder, our indicator of need for treatment. These findings suggest that increasing the availability and accessability of mental health treatment services will not promote superfluous utilization. On the other hand, such efforts may not be sufficient to reduce unmet need for mental health treatment among men with psychiatric disorders. These findings also contribute to our understanding of the disproportional use of mental health related services by women.
TL;DR: Arousal-reducing, attentional, and cognitive interventions are appropriate for the prodromal, acute, and chronic stages of schizophrenic disorders.
Abstract: Persons with schizophrenia show deficits in basic psychological functions such as attention, perception, and cognition. Remediation of these deficits by direct training may facilitate the effectiveness of neuroleptic medications, social skills training, and family therapy. In the vulnerability-stress model of schizophrenia, persons with schizophrenia may have lower thresholds for disorganization that contribute to vulnerability. Stress increases arousal, which brings many competing responses to the same strength, leading to intrusion of inappropriate responses. Interventions that reduce arousal and lower the strengths of competing responses should reduce psychological deficits. Arousal-reducing, attentional, and cognitive interventions are appropriate for the prodromal, acute, and chronic stages of schizophrenic disorders. Laboratory-based assessment and ongoing measurement of basic psychological deficits in schizophrenia are keys to the development and validation of multimodal psychiatric rehabilitation.
TL;DR: A study investigating teachers' perceptions of intervention alternatives used to control classroom behavior problems found interventions that either redirected students toward appropriate behavior or that involved manipulation of rewards were most frequently used.
Abstract: This article reports the results of a study investigating teachers' perceptions of intervention alternatives used to control classroom behavior problems. Regular and special educators from a two-state area completed a 65-item questionnaire assessing teachers' perceptions of the relative effectiveness, ease of use, and frequency of use of a variety of intervention strategies for the treatment of classroom behavior problems. Results indicated that teachers' responses factored into clearly defined categories. Further, teachers differentially rated these categories in terms of their relative effectiveness, ease of use, and frequency of use. Strategies rated as most effective, easiest to use, and most frequently used by both regular and special educators included interventions that either redirected students toward appropriate behavior or that involved manipulation of rewards. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for school-based consultants who interact with teachers concerning the control, of...
TL;DR: This paper reviewed the data-based research on children's judgements of the acceptability of classroom interventions and examined critically three areas of methodology in treatment acceptability research: conceptual, psychometric, and paradigmatic issues.
TL;DR: Although school absence rates have not been widely used as outcome measures in such studies they do reflect a wide variety of aspects of children's health status and have been shown to be responsive to interventions with children with various physical and mental health problems.
TL;DR: A discussion of the first 26 months of this intervention, divided into its three phases, shows the greatest percentage of public participation, demonstrating the complementary nature of organization and community interventions and of the translation of social learning theory into principles for primary prevention in a community.
TL;DR: Two arthritis patient education interventions resulted in an increase in patients' knowledge of arthritis and in their use of exercise, but neither was any more effective than nonintervention in lessening patients' pain, improving their functioning, enhancing social support systems, lessening their depression, or improving their health behaviors beyond that of exercise.
Abstract: We compared the relative effectiveness of 2 arthritis patient education interventions. One intervention was modeled after that developed by Lorig, whereas the other had similar content but used health professionals rather than laypersons as instructors. Both interventions resulted in an increase in patients' knowledge of arthritis and in their use of exercise compared with a control group that received no intervention. However, neither intervention was any more effective than nonintervention in lessening patients' pain, improving their functioning, enhancing social support systems, lessening their depression, or improving their health behaviors beyond that of exercise. No differences in outcome measures were found between groups led by professional instructors and those led by lay instructors.
TL;DR: It is suggested that patients with eating disorder, who are hypnotizable and show an underlying dissociation mechanism, may represent a special subgroup that responds favorably to hypnotherapeutic interventions.
Abstract: Two cases are described in which dissociation was the underlying mechanism for the anorexic, bulimic, and purging symptomatology. The relationship between dissociation and eating disorders is discussed, and the literature pertaining to this subject is reviewed. It is suggested that patients with eating disorder, who are hypnotizable and show an underlying dissociation mechanism, may represent a special subgroup that responds favorably to hypnotherapeutic interventions. The importance of early detection of dissociative phenomena is emphasized for selecting proper treatment.
TL;DR: A review of the literature indicates a need for basic research, for controlled outcome studies of psychological interventions, and for education of health care professionals in the mechanisms and management of pain.
Abstract: This article reviews current research and clinical practice concerning pain experienced by cancer patients. Etiological subtypes of pain (disease related vs. treatment related) are discussed, and an overview of assessment methodology for acute and chronic pain is presented. Also discussed are psychological interventions for pain in cancer patients and the efficiency of current research findings. A review of the literature indicates a need for basic research, for controlled outcome studies of psychological interventions, and for education of health care professionals in the mechanisms and management of pain.
TL;DR: This paper found that students generally are able to differentiate between various methods of improving student classroom behavior and did not rate public reprimand as a desirable method for changing another student's behavior, while all students reported liking home-based interventions.
TL;DR: The authors applied the meta-analysis technique to school-based studies of psychotherapy and found that psychotherapy in the schools can be viewed as at least moderately effective, and evidence was also found of the greater efficacy of group and behavioral theory interventions and interventions that target observed behaviors and problem-solving abilities.
TL;DR: Psychological interventions for pain involve many mental and behavioral processes such as alteration of perception, attention/distraction, muscle relaxation, manipulation of patient expectancy and belief, and the development of a sense of personal control over the pain.
TL;DR: The authors found that fifth, seventh, and ninth graders preferred home-based interventions more than school-based intervention, and only nine graders indicated a sensitivity to selecting intervention methods based upon the problematic student's sex and the teachers' rating of the students' overall behaviors.
Abstract: Fifth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade students (N = 151) completed the Children's Intervention Rating Profile (CIRP) in response to four teacher-initiated intervention methods (home-based praise, home-based reprimand, public praise, and public reprimand) to correct classroom behavior problems. In addition, each student's teacher rated a student's general behavior. When examining the intervention preferences of students at each grade level, several trends in the acceptability of intervention methods were evident. Specifically, (1) fifth graders preferred positively oriented interventions more than negatively oriented interventions, (2) seventh and ninth graders preferred home-based interventions more than school-based interventions, and (3) only ninth graders indicated a sensitivity to selecting intervention methods based upon the problematic student's sex and the teachers' rating of the students' overall behaviors. The results are discussed within the context of previous treatment acceptabilty research and hi...
TL;DR: Both the peer-led and teacher-led interventions had positive, though not significant, effects on student perception of locus of control and the study points toward further development of a teacher- led approach to smoking deterence based on the theory of adolescent psychosocial development and the principle of continuous reinforcement.
Abstract: To test the effectiveness of a psychosocial strategy of smoking deterence on seventh grade students, the School Health Education Development project implemented peer-led, teacher-led, and expert-led interventions in six Vermont schools. Four additional schools served as control groups. The teacher-led approach reduced the rate of smoking onset and the intention to smoke in the future among highly vulnerable females but not among males. The peer-led approach reduced the behavioral intention to smoke for both sexes but did not affect current smoking behavior. The expert-led approach did not produce favorable effects. Both the peer-led and teacher-led interventions had positive, though not significant, effects on student perception of locus of control. In the control schools, females experienced higher levels of smoking onset than males. Generally, the study points toward further development of a teacher-led approach to smoking deterence based on the theory of adolescent psychosocial development and the principle of continuous reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a framework for the mini-series on linking assessment to instructional interventions, and an historical perspective of the role of school psychologists is presented, as well as an overview of the relationship between assessment and instructional interventions.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for the mini-series on linking assessment to instructional interventions. First, an historical perspective of the role of school psychologists is...
TL;DR: In this article, a planning group of school personnel, parents, community mental health center staff and university child psychiatry faculty initiated a broad school based assessment and intervention program shortly after the accident occurred.
Abstract: Various aspects of group, community, and individual interventions in a school pedestrian overpass accident are described and analyzed. A planning group of school personnel, parents, community mental health center staff and university child psychiatry faculty initiated a broad school based assessment and intervention program shortly after the accident occurred. The social dynamics of this collaborative effort involving different personalities, professional disciplines, and institutions were complex. Collaboration was sufficiently successful to achieve the primary goal of assisting a large population, assimilate an unpredictable catastrophic event and adapt again to a predictable world. A secondary research goal of studying the impact of the accident in depth on individuals was not sufficiently met.