Showing papers on "Rear-end collision published in 2010"

Combined Effect of Traffic and Geometrics on Rear-End Collision Risk: Driving Simulator Study

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment that sought to analyze rear-end collision risk under various traffic conditions and given various road geometric configurations. The CRISS (Inter-University Research Center for Road Safety) interactive fixed-base driving simulator was used. An 8-km, two-lane, rural road that incorporated 15 tangents and curves was designed and implemented in the driving simulator. Four distinct traffic conditions were simulated, and 32 drivers drove in four traffic scenarios. The differences in speed and position between each driver's vehicle and other vehicles on the road were collected to calculate two safety indicators, which the scientific literature has suggested to evaluate rear-end collision risk on the basis of the time-to-collision (TTC) notion. The maximum values of these indicators were given for an average traffic-flow condition, which is therefore the most critical condition for rear-end collision risk. In scenarios that entailed lower traffic volumes...

Crash Probability and Error Rates for Head-On Collisions Based on Stochastic Analyses

Abstract: Active safety systems are developed in the automotive industry to help avoid or mitigate collisions. To develop collision-avoidance or mitigation systems, an appropriate lead time must be determined to provide a warning or action with acceptable false positive and negative rates. There has been much research on the lead time for the rear-end collision, but the lead time for the head-on collision has not been studied much because of the complexity of the loadcase. In this paper, the crash probabilities of the head-on collision were estimated, and adaptive lead times were proposed. In addition, false positive and false negative rates were assessed for some precrash sensor errors. For the assessment, an analytical vehicle model was validated against static and dynamic test data, and the driver's behaviors in normal and evasive maneuvers were surveyed and modeled. Using the analytical vehicle model and the driver models, stochastic analyses were conducted to assess the crash probability, the adaptive lead times, and the error rates.

Highway rear-end collision prevention early warning system

Abstract: The invention discloses a highway rear-end collision prevention early warning system which relates to the technical field of traffic safety facilities The highway rear-end collision prevention early warning system comprises control terminals (K) which are arranged at an entrance and an exit; monitoring subnetworks are arranged at N monitoring points of a highway full-range two-way lane, and the long-distance wireless communication between each monitoring subnetwork and the control terminal (W) is realized through a GSM/GPRS (Global System for Mobile Communications/General Packet Radio Service) wireless communication module (W); and each monitoring subnetwork mainly comprises a plurality of ultrasonic probes, a multi-machine communication interface circuit and an acousto-optic warning board (P) The invention has low expense and convenient construction, can accurately and reliably monitor and compute the vehicle speed, the lane and the front-and-rear vehicle distance of driving vehicles, can adjust the early warning threshold values of the safe vehicle interval and the vehicle speed according to the change of visibility, can early warn rear-end collision, overspeed, low speed, traffic jams of a forward road and the like, improves the smoothness ratio of the road, ensures the driving safety and is suitable for highway rear-end collision prevention early warning

Design of a dependable model vehicle for rear-end collision avoidance and its evaluation

Abstract: It is important for constructing a safe automobile society to decrease traffic accidents such as rear-end collision, crossing collision, and right turn collisions. Especially, the number of the traffic accidents can be decreased significantly if the occurrence of rear-end collision can be avoided. The purpose of this paper is to design a dependable model vehicle for rear-end collision avoidance even if an external disturbance is injected. For the purpose of our study, we paid attention to following distance, driving speed of the proceeding vehicle, and driving speed of the succeeding vehicle. We propose a rear-end collision avoidance mechanism based on redundant sensor signal processing, which is designed by combining three kind of sensing information using sensors with different operating principles such as infrared communication for transmitting driving speed of the proceeding vehicle, an ultrasonic sensor for following distance, and a magnetic sensor for driving speed of the succeeding vehicle. In this new concept, since the operating principles of these sensors are different, we consider that the possibility of multiple fault can be greatly reduced. It is shown in the experiment that a fault occurs only in one sensor when the sensors are exposed to sunlight or impulsive sound as an external disturbance. As a result, rear-end collision can be avoided. In conclusion, the use of sensors with different operating principles is valid to avoid rear-end collision.

Apparatus and method for alarming of rear-end collision

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and method for alarming of rear-end collision, capable of adjusting the time of issuing an alarm for preventing collision of one's own vehicle and a preceding vehicle depending on the travel state of the one's own vehicle, thereby easing the discomfort of a driver when issuing the alarm.SOLUTION: If it is determined that the preceding vehicle is making a lane change at S20, if it is determined that the one's own vehicle is overtaking the preceding vehicle at S21, or if it is determined that the one's own vehicle is approaching the preceding vehicle with deceleration at S22, issuing of an unnecessary alarm is prevented by adjusting the time of issuing the alarm. Thereby, the discomfort of the driver can be eased.

Vehicle body rear part structure for electric vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle body rear part structure for an electric vehicle capable of suppressing concentration of an impact load on side members and preventing deformation of the side members when the impact load caused by rear end collision is input.SOLUTION: The vehicle body rear part structure for the electric vehicle includes: the side members 11 extended in the vehicle longitudinal direction; a battery case 21 supported by the side members 11; rear suspension arms 31 supported by the side members 11; and common brackets 40 provided in the side members 11. The common bracket 40 includes: a battery mount part 42 supporting the battery case 21; and a suspension mount part 43 supporting the rear suspension arm 31.

Automobile rear-end collision safety warning device

Abstract: The utility model relates to the vehicle running safety warning technology, and discloses an automobile rear-end collision safety warning device, which comprises two camera, a speed measurement unit, an alarm unit and a data processing unit. The two cameras are horizontally arranged in the front of a running automobile and are used for independently collecting images of the rear license of a target automobile in front; the speed measurement unit is used for measuring the speed of the running automobile; the alarm unit is used for outputting warning signals and reminding the driver to pay attention to the distance between two automobiles; and the data processing unit is used for receiving the images of the rear license of the target automobile in front collected independently by the two cameras, calculating the distance between the target automobile in front and the running automobile according to the parallax of two images of the rear license of the target automobile in front collected simultaneously and controlling the alarm unit to output warning signals in combination with the judgment of the speed of the running automobile.

Rear-end collision preventing control device of vehicle

Abstract: The utility model provides a rear-end collision preventing control device of a vehicle, which comprises a computer control unit 4. An environmental detecting sensor 1, a reaction time setting button 3, a road-surface frictional coefficient real-time estimating module 2, an acousto-optic alarm unit 5 and an output control unit 6 are respectively arranged on the computer control unit 4. The environmental detecting sensor 1 sends information about distance and speed of the vehicle or a barrier in front to the computer control unit 4, the real-time estimating module 3 estimates the frictional coefficient of the road surface in real time according to the vehicle speed as well as slipping speed and sends the frictional coefficient to the computer control unit 4, and then the computer control unit 4 carries out processing on data. When the distance between the vehicles is close to the foresight collision alarm distance, the acousto-optic alarm unit 5 is started; when the distance between thevehicles is smaller than the foresight collision alarm distance and larger than the automatic braking distance, the intensity of alarm signals is enhanced; when the distance between the vehicles is close to the automatic braking distance, the output control unit 6 carries out braking on the vehicles; therefore the control device has the characteristics of high collision preventing efficiency and strong humanization.

Rear-end collision prevention monitor for train

Abstract: The utility model relates to a rear-end collision prevention monitor for train. The rear-end collision prevention monitor is composed of a coding transmitter/receiver equipped to a train locomotive and a coding receiver/transmitter equipped to the tail of train locomotive. The coding transmitter/receiver and coding receiver/transmitter respectively comprises a wireless digital communication moduleand a single chip computer. The rear-end collision prevention monitor communicates with the front train with a form of transmitting a sequence coding signal to the front direction. When the distancebetween two trains obtains a wireless communication distance, the front train returns a received coding signal and the strength value of the signal. After this train receives the returned signal, thetrain calculates the distance according to the strength value of the signal, displays and warns thereby preventing the rear-road collision accident of the train. The distance monitoring mode of the device is mainly realized through the wireless communication and software programming of the single chip computer. The monitoring mode is simple and easy to realize. Furthermore the rear-end collision prevention monitor for train has the advantages of reliable operation, stable performance, low cost and wide application prospect.

Vehicle rear-end collision warning device and method

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle rear end collision warning device and method capable of exactly informing a following vehicle of a driving state of an own vehicle using a brake lamp and reducing the power consumption by lighting on the brake lamp while preventing the rear-end collision.SOLUTION: The vehicle rear-end collision warning device 10 includes a critical distance DB 31 for storing the speed and the critical distance making a correspondence between the speed and the critical distance. The vehicle rear-end collision warning device 10 measures the distance from a following car based on the data from a vehicle detection device 202 installed on the rear part of the vehicle. Then, the vehicle rear-end collision warning device 10 acquires the vehicle speed and the critical distance corresponding to the acquired speed based on the critical distance DB 31, and determines whether the measured distance between two cars is shorter than the acquired critical distance. Furthermore, the vehicle rear-end collision warning device 10 lights on the brake lamp 201 only when it is determined that the measured distance between the cars is shorter than the acquired critical distance in the case when it is determined that regenerating brake is in operation.

Vehicular drive assistance system

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicular drive assistance system for performing an own vehicle's braking operation of prompting a rear obstacle to perform a braking operation for alleviating a risk of a rear end collision when there is the risk that the rear end may collide with the rear obstacle due to the own vehicle's braking operation. SOLUTION: The vehicular drive assistance system includes a braking necessity determination means 9 for determining whether the own vehicle needs to perform braking processing, an own vehicle's state detection means for detecting an own vehicle's motion state, a succeeding vehicle detection means for detecting a vehicle traveling at the rear side of the own vehicle, and an own vehicle braking force determination means 10 for implementing an own vehicle's braking force to prompt the succeeding vehicle to perform the braking operation without contacting the succeeding vehicle based on the information of the own vehicle and the succeeding vehicle when the braking necessity determination means 9 determines that the own vehicle needs to perform the braking processing. In this structure, when the rear end may collide with the rear obstacle due to the own vehicle's braking operation, the own vehicle's braking operation is performed to prompt the rear obstacle to perform the braking operation, thereby alleviating the risk of the rear end collision. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Vehicle rear-end collision alarm

Abstract: The invention discloses a vehicle rear-end collision alarm which is provided with an electronic radar, wherein the electronic radar is connected with a vehicle brake lamp; the vehicle rear-end collision alarm is characterized in that when the electronic radar installed at the tail of a front vehicle detects that a rear vehicle exceeds a safe distance, a signal is transferred to the brake lamp in time, the brake lamp frequently flashes to alarm the rear vehicle, and the driver of the rear vehicle sees the alarm and controls the vehicle within the safe distance in time. The vehicle rear-end collision alarm enables the front vehicle and the rear vehicle to keep the safe distance and avoids the occurrence of a rear-end collision accident.

Simulation study of traffic accidents in bidirectional traffic models

Abstract: Conditions for the occurrence of bidirectional collisions are developed based on the Simon–Gutowitz bidirectional traffic model. Three types of dangerous situations can occur in this model. We analyze those corresponding to head-on collision; rear-end collision and lane-changing collision. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compute the probability of the occurrence of these collisions for different values of the oncoming cars' density. It is found that the risk of collisions is important when the density of cars in one lane is small and that of the other lane is high enough. The influence of different proportions of heavy vehicles is also studied. We found that heavy vehicles cause an important reduction of traffic flow on the home lane and provoke an increase of the risk of car accidents.

Vehicle rear-end collision prevention alarm

Abstract: The utility model relates to a vehicle rear-end collision prevention alarm, which comprises a triangular parking warning board and a storage battery. A signal transmitter, the storage battery and an LED warning lamp are arranged on the triangular parking warning board, and an alarm receiving device matching with the signal transmitter is arranged on another vehicle. Compared with the prior art, the vehicle rear-end collision prevention alarm can reliably alarm drivers under conditions of poor sight and fatigue driving of the drivers, thereby avoiding vehicle rear-end collision.

Rear-end collision prevention device for vehicles

Abstract: The utility model discloses a rear-end collision prevention device for vehicles, relating to a rear-end collision prevention device for motor vehicles The rear-end collision prevention device comprises a power supply, a part outside a vehicle and a part inside a vehicle, the part inside the vehicle comprises a CPU connected with the power supply, a system controller, a keyboard, a display and an alarm device, the keyboard is connected with one input end of the CPU, the system controller is connected with the CPU, and the display and the alarm device are respectively connected with the output end of the system controller; and the part outside the vehicle comprises a far infrared sensor and an ultrasonic ranging sensor which are respectively connected with the CPU of the part inside the vehicle The utility model fully utilizes a modern high and new technology and a high integrated device and has simple structure and high cost performance When driving at freeway and under a road condition with lower visibility, drivers can be prompted to learn whether vehicles exist within a safe distance in front

Method for avoiding rear-end collision on the expressway in foggy weather

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for avoiding rear-end collision on an expressway in a foggy weather. Expressway position codes are arranged at certain intervals on the expressway, and wireless LED display screens are arranged at certain intervals on the expressway. An information control server is internally provided with a database therein; the database is connected with information control software; the information control software is connected with a short message group-sender via the information control server; and the short message group-sender is connected with the wireless LED display screens via a mobile communication platform. By adopting the method for avoiding rear-end collision on the expressway in the foggy weather, when an accident happens to automobiles on the expressway,the information related to the accident is displayed on a plurality of wireless LED display screens closest to the accident site as early as possible, and the whole process only needs approximately more than ten seconds. The traffic accident information can be released as early as possible, which can greatly reduce the occurrence of the rear-end collision accident.

Simulative analysis of cyclist's head impact point in vehicle-electric bicycle rear-end crashes

Abstract: In order to study the characteristics of cyclist head impact point in vehicle-electric bicycle rear-end crashes, we build the models of cyclist, electric-bicycle and vehicle based on PC-Crash, in which three types of vehicle, namely compact car, SUV and sports car are selected, and the impact point between vehicle and electric-bicycle is located in the middle of the bumper and the collision angles are 0°, 30° and 60°, respectively. Major analysis is based on the governing factors such as vehicle types, collision angels and collision speeds. The results indicate that the hood height is a significant factor affecting the head impact point on the vehicle, i.e. the head impact point becomes closer to the front of the vehicle with the hood height increasing. In addition, the head impact point on the vehicle in car to electric-bicycle rear-end crashes is also highly dependent on the collision angle and speed, namely, the impact points is located in the lower middle of the windshield with a larger collision angle at higher collision speeds.

Seat belt device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seat belt device capable of preventing an upper body of an occupant from being fastened tightly by a shoulder belt part of a seat belt, in a rear end collision by a follower vehicle. SOLUTION: An ECU 60 detects collision of a follower vehicle to a vehicle body rear part of one's own vehicle 1 based on signals of an acceleration sensor 61, tenses a shoulder belt part 21a between one end of a belt 26 and a tongue 24 when the collision of the follower vehicle is detected, and loosens the tension of the shoulder belt part 21a by a buckle anchor 25 when a predetermined collision condition is satisfied after the shoulder belt part 21a is tensed. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Rear-end collision prevention device of motor vehicle in tunnel

Abstract: The utility model relates to a rear-end collision prevention device of a motor vehicle in a tunnel. The rear-end collision prevention device comprises a power supply device, an ambient light sensing device, a control device and a lighting device with a control switch, wherein the power supply device is connected with the ambient light sensing device, the control device and the lighting device with the control switch respectively; the ambient light sensing device is also connected with the control device; and the control device is connected with the control switch of the lighting device. The utility model adopts an independent system, can be mounted on the vehicle for use under the condition that the self-circuit of the motor vehicle is not changed at all, and guarantees original safety of the vehicle; moreover, the utility model has the advantages that the automated and maintenance-free purposes can be realized through all the functions of the rear-end collision prevention device; the schemes of power supply are diverse to realize environmental protection and energy conservation; and the rear-end collision prevention device can send out light for prompting in time when the motor vehicle enters into the tunnel, thereby effectively avoiding rear-end collision.

The Research for Mechanism of Vehicle Rear-End Collision Avoidance System

Abstract: In this paper, vehicle rear-end collision avoidance system is discussed and studied. Mathematical model is established to get the critical safe distance between vehicles with different velocity. The ranging sensor measures the distance between the two vehicles, and then the CPU compares it with the critical safe distance. If collision may occur, the system can remind the driver of adopting right measure by system warning of voice and light.

Rear structure for vehicle body

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rear structure for a vehicle body surely protecting a battery charger in rear end collision of a vehicle. SOLUTION: The battery charger 13 is disposed in the rear part of a vehicle body, and a connection bar 15 extending in the vehicle width direction on the rear side of the battery charger 13 is arranged adjacently to the battery charger 13. Thus, when a load is input forward from the rear part of the vehicle body, the connection bar 15 moves forward, pushes down the battery charger 13 to the front side, and protects the battery charger 13. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Rear airbag device having improved safety performance

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a device in which an occupant protective effect is improved by stably supporting the rear airbag deployed at the time of a rear end collision and the occupant is safely protected from scattered object such as glass fragments generated at the time of the rear end collision and also the damage to the rear airbag due to the scattered object is prevented.SOLUTION: The rear airbag device having improved safety performance is provided with: a rear end collision detecting sensor detecting the rear end collision; a control part for outputting a control signal when an electric signal input from the rear end collision detecting sensor is equal to or above a reference value; a rear seat airbag module projected to the upper side of the seat by receiving the control signal from the control part to protect the back of the head of the occupant; and a support unit for moving upward with the rear seat airbag module to support the back of the rear seat airbag module when the rear seat airbag module expands to the upper side of the seat, to protect the head part of the occupant from the scattered object generated in the collision.

Front-side number frame with brake lamp

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the following problem: a conventional automobile has only a brake lamp for avoiding a rear end collision, and does not have an effect that a pedestrian or the driver of an oncoming vehicle visually recognizes the motion of the vehicle. SOLUTION: A brake lamp 2 is incorporated in a front-side number frame of a vehicle. In this structure, stop or deceleration is visually recognized from the front side of the vehicle, and the visibility for, e.g., improving the safety of the pedestrian, recognizing the behavior of an oncoming vehicle, preventing an encounter head-on collision, and recognizing the behavior of a vehicle approaching from the rear side is improved, thereby preventing an accident. The brake lamp device is easily added to the front side of the vehicle by post installation. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

The influence of crash pulse shape on seat-occupant response in rear impacts

Abstract: In road traffic accidents, a car seat and its occupant can be subjected to various crash pulses in the case of a rear impact. This study investigates the influence of crash pulse shape on seat-occupant response and evaluates the corresponding risk of whiplash injury. For this purpose, a rigorously validated seat-occupant system model is used to study different car seat designs and crash pulses. Two different car-seat concepts are also presented which can effectively mitigate whiplash injury for a wide range of crash severity. It is shown that for crash pulses of similar severity, the level of whiplash risk depends strongly on the combined effects of seat design and crash pulse shape. (A) Paper to the session "Car Accidents" of the 4th International Conference on ESAR "Expert Symposium on Accident Research", 16th to 18th September 2010 in Hannover. For the covering abstract of the conference, see ITRD D366702.

Body guiding device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a body guiding device capable of guiding an occupant's posture to a posture capable of reflexively corresponding to rear end collision impact upon the rear end collision of a vehicle. SOLUTION: The body guiding device 1 displays an image which makes a driver reflexively inclines backward in an HUD by a control unit 6 and an HUD display control ECU 8, when a rear radar 4 and a collision detecting sensor 5 detect the possibility of rear end collision. Therefore, when the rear end collision of the vehicle V occurs, the driver can recognize a warning making the driver reflexively bend backward or instructing the driver to bend backward. Consequently, a clearance between the driver and the headrest is decreased, and the posture of the driver can be reflexively guided to the posture capable of corresponding to the rear end collision impact. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

종횡방향 충돌 통합 안전제어용 주행상황 판단 척도 알고리즘 개발

Abstract: Driver errors are the main cause of most car accidents To decrease the accident rate, driver assistance system is necessary to minimize the risk and occurrence of accidents In this paper, the criterional algorithm for estimating driving state for advanced driver assistance system was employed to avoid the rear end collision And TTE(Time to enter), TTD(Time to disappear), TTC(Time to collision), TTB(Time to break) and TTT(Time to touch) were calculated by using the criterional algorithm for estimating driving state for ADAS The effect of applying the criterional algorithm for estimating driving state for ADAS in shown from TTE, TTD, TTC, TTB and TTT to assist actuating timing on the simulation results

Simulation Analysis on Triple Collision between Wrecker, Towed Car and Driving Car

Abstract: The wrecker truck of lift type is used to move damaged car in accident spot or to move illegal vehicle in towaway zone toward pound.. This special vehicle drives by lifting front or rear side of car with the driving type of towed car. Each car is modelled with CATIA and is simulated with FEM analysis program ANSYS. This study analyzes how dangerous is the triple collision among the wrecker-towed car-driving car as comparing with the usual collision accident with cars. It is studied how responsible is the towed car in case of crashing its back side by driving car. The influence on the driving angle of towed car by lifting wrecker is also considered.

Implementation of DOT following-distance pavement markings in Thailand

Abstract: In Thailand there are more than 100,000 traffic accidents and traffic-related casualties of approximately 12,000 deaths per year The aim of this research is to mitigate or reduce the severity and number of road accidents, especially rear-end collisions This research implemented the DOT tailgating treatment pavement markings to assist drivers in establishing the recommended following distance The recommended following distance is derived from asymptotic stability condition of the GM 5th car-following model and calibrated with data collected on the national highway 1141, Thailand The relationship between flow rates and distance headways was investigated before and after implementing the DOT treatment pavement markings Distance headways are then used as a measure to examine the effectiveness of the markings It is found that for a given flow rate distance headways increase after implementing the markings or the likelihood of rear-end collisions is reduced at the study site Keywords: Close following; Crash rates; Crash severity; Fatalities; Following distance; Highway safety; Rear end collisions; Road markings; Tailgating; Traffic crashes